Matakuliah
Tahun
: O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran Televisi
: 2010
PRODUCTION
Pertemuan 12
Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (1/5)
During preproduction planning and process, it is important for producer to
take care of preproduction planning and coordination. Therefore, in order
to be an efficient and effective producer there are 5 (five) aspects you
need to know: (1) the program ideas, (2) production models, (3) the
program proposal, (4) the budget, and (5) the script.
Generating and Organizing Ideas
All programs shown on television are originated from the development
ideas. It is the idea that enables especially production personnel to create
such good programs or performances.
In generating phase, ideas may come from brainstorming session where
all production personnel are allowed to raise what they think in mind into
concepts. The brainstorming can be conducted by saying it during meeting
or writing it down in a more structured way – the way you called it idea
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clustering.
Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (2/5)
As in organizing stage, the idea will be developed into a close actual
implementation.
For example, if the idea is making a talk show program that will mainly
discuss social and political aspects; then in organizing stage, it is the
responsibility of the program coordinator to take care of who will be the
host with the competency of presenting social and political issues, who
will be the right guests or how the guests will be invited to the show.
Using Production Models
In production model, the production personnel must construct the activities
that represent the development of idea into televised message. This stage
helps to organize the production process and facilitate the coordination
efforts.
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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (3/5)
The production model stage can be drawn in effect-to-cause model, a
chart that shows the flow of production activities so that the production
can run efficiently and more goal-directed. Below is the example of
effect-to-cause model chart started with the idea and ended with
feedback.
Idea
Defined Process
Message
Desired effect
on target
audience
Production
Medium requirements:
Content
People
Equipment
Feedback
Actual Process
Message
Actual effect on
target audience
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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (4/5)
Writing the Program Proposal
A program proposal is a written document that details what you
actually want to do. The document will contain: (1) the title of the
program or series, (2) objective (process message), (3) target audience,
(4) show format, (5) show treatment (usually includes the angle), (6)
production method, (7) tentative budget.
Budget Preparation
Preparing budget preparation is required in order to be able to
successfully develop a program. Within budget preparation, it not only
contains cost production for obvious item like script, talent, production
personnel, studio and equipment rental; but budget preparation will also
describe not clearly apparent items like videotape, food, lodging,
entertainment, transportation of talent and production personnel,
parking, insurance, etc.
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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (5/5)
Script Writing
The task of the script writer is to prepare the dialogue into a
television presentation form. The writer must exactly understand the
program before proceeding it to write good dialogue. However, the final
result whether the script will then be translated into actual video and audio
images will be determined by the director.
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Preproduction Planning: Coordination (1/2)
In coordinating the various production elements, the personnel in
charge must have a clear view on whether the planned programs
would fit with the planned budget and time or whether the planned
method will be efficient enough to support the running of the
production.
To be efficient, the coordination of production elements can be
completed in 5 (five) stages:
1) build clear communication channel with the entire personnel involved
in the production by preparing a complete database containing details
of the personnel (name, position, email address, or other contact
address);
2) facilitate request by listing all the production equipments (camera,
properties, costumes);
3) arrange schedules by informing everybody involved in the production
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process on who is doing what, when, and where.
Preproduction Planning: Coordination (2/2)
4) take care of permits and clearances by obtaining the necessary
permits for the crew who will cover certain event like sports event, or
you may also take care of the parking permit close to the event.
5) release publicity and promotion by informing personnel in charge of
publicity and promotion department that the upcoming production is in
progress. By acknowledging promotion department about your
program, you are shortening your work chain of getting as much as
audience you want.
Line Producer: Host and Watchdog
Line producer is personnel who is usually on set for each production of a
program series and deals with daily production details. The function of
a line producer ranges from taking care of the guest invited for a
program, watching the production flow, and evaluating the production.
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Postproduction Activities
Upon finishing the production of television program, it is
necessary to prepare a thank-you notes to all people who have
contributed and made the program successful. Additionally, there are
postproduction activities that must also be completed upon completing a
production:
(1) postproduction editing
(2) evaluation and feedback
(3) recordkeeping.
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Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings
(1/3)
As producer, you must understand very well of a set of production
activities in order to make an efficient production schedule and get
access to accurate information. The aspects you need to master in
relation to production process: (1) production schedule, (2) information
resources, (3) unions and legal matters, (4) audience and ratings.
Production Schedule
Design and prepare an efficient schedule (or tentative schedule) that
would fit with production schedule. Avoid arranging schedule that is
beyond the personnel’s work capacity or preparing schedule that will
collide with other program.
For example do not argue with the director over the lighting requirements
or number of cameras before visiting a remote location.
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Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings
(2/3)
Information Resources
Producer is the person who in charge of taking care the running of a
program. It is very possible that a producer is required to obtain certain
information in relation with the program. There are certain important
information that must always be available in the producer’s hand:
 Telephone directories
 Airline schedule
 Transportation and delivery
 Reference books
 Other resources
Unions and Legal Matters
Most television personnel belong to a certain union and it is the job of the
producer to understand all the rules and regulations of the union where
the personnel belong. In Indonesia, the personnel may belong to union
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such as Serikat Buruh, Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia, etc.
Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings
(3/3)
Other than that, producer must also be aware of copyrights and clearance
when utilizing copyrighted material for production. The copyrighted
materials can be in the form of photographs, reproductions of famous
painting, books, short stories, etc. And producer must procure proper
clearances for those items.
Audience and Ratings
Understanding target audience and knowing your rating are very important.
The 2 (two) elements determine your work performance, whether your
work and message have been effectively reach your audience or not.
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The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting
Commercialization Toward Communities (1/4)
We all know that the television production activities have been
commercialized with the participation of legal people, a set of advertising
programs, and also ratings that significantly determine whether a television
program is considered ‘saleable’ or not.
Dizard, the author of Television: A World View, has written about television:
“Television has developed primarily as a commercial medium. This
was to be expected in the United States and a few other countries, notably
in Latin America, where broadcasting was traditionally a private venture.
Elsewhere, however, broadcasting was a state monopoly without
commercialization connections. Theoretically, television should have
followed in the established patterns; … At present, television systems are
controlled by private interests under state supervision. Commercial
advertising is carried by all but a handful of the world’s ninety-five television
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systems.”
The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting
Commercialization Toward Communities (2/4)
The television companies have successfully accumulated profits from their
programs. This revenue-producing capabilities of commercial
broadcasting is, of course, undisputed. The television production activities
supported with advertising have gained its economic values from time to
time.
As stated in Broadcasting magazine: “In this country (USA) - and as in
other countries with improved broadcasting industry - where production
capacity exceeds consumer demand, advertising has become more than
an economic force – a significant influence that affects our quality of life.”
From the statement, we can predict that television industry will
continuously bring positive economic impact to the community.
Furthermore, that impact will bring positive influences to the improvement
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of advertising, manufacturing, and broadcasting industries.
The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting
Commercialization Toward Communities (3/4)
As also stated in Television Magazine that describes the interconnection
between advertising, manufacturing, and broadcasting industries:
About 1959, a gentle curve representing the expansion of American
advertising agencies overseas started an abrupt climb which hasn’t yet
leveled off… The growth of television abroad had something to do with
this upsurge, since the head-start American agencies had in dealing with
the medium commercially has given them a highly exportable know-how.
But television wasn’t the prime mover. That role belongs to the client: The
American consumer goods industry.
It is very clear that the community all over the world is currently
experiencing the advantages of the explosion of television industry.
Supported with technology, the industry is even more bringing many
positive economic influences especially to the increase of labor demand 16
to work with the industry.
The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting
Commercialization Toward Communities (1/4)
The fact can be illustrated in the following charts that best describe the
connection of the three components (advertising, manufacturing, and
broadcasting industry).
Financing
(Banks,
Stock, etc)
Writers
Networks/
Distribution/
Syndication
Talent
Agencies
Actors/
Stunts
Television
Broadcasting
Satellite, Online
Antenna, Cable
Music Store,
Design,
Advertising
Studio/
Location/
Equipment
Television
Personnel
Union/
Federation
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