Matakuliah
Tahun
: L0472 - Psikologi Forensik
: Feb -2010
Forensic Psychology: Some Definitions
and Its Relationship with Law
Pertemuan 01
Forensic Psychology: Some Definitions
and Its Relationship with Law
Reza Indragiri Amriel
3
What is Forensic Psychology?
• The term “forensic”
• Forensic Fields
– Forensic Psychology
• The research, practice, or application of
psychological knowledge as it pertains to the legal
system
– Forensic Science
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Forensic accounting
Questioned documents
Forensic dentistry
Etc.
Careers in Forensic Psychology
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Law Enforcement
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Local or federal officer
Crime scene investigation
Human resource management
Hostage negotiation
Social Psychology
– Jury consulting
– Detecting deception
– Aggression/violence
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Expert Witness Testimony
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Clinical Psychology
– Critical incident counseling
– Competency and insanity
evaluations
– Fitness for duty evaluations
– Employee assistance programs
– Victim assistance
– Counseling in a correctional
facility
Professional Associations
• Society for Police and Criminal Psychology
• American College of Forensic Examiners
• Division 41 of the American Psychological Association
(APA)
• American Academy of Forensic Psychology
• American Association of Correctional Psychology
Brief History of Forensic Psychology
1908
Hugo Munsterberg publishes “On the Witness Stand”
1917
William Marston develops first modern polygraph
1921
State v. Driver: First time a psychologist testifies as an expert
1922
William Marston becomes the first faculty member in forensic
University)
1931
Howard Butt publishes Legal Psychology, the first forensic
1968
Martin Reiser becomes first full-time police psychologist (LAPD)
2001
APA recognizes forensic psychology as a specialty
Munsterberg:
the father of modern forensic psychology
• Psychologists can contribute to more accurate
eyewitness memory (On the Witness Stand:
Munsterberg, 1908)
• Lawyers disputed this (Wigmore, 1909)
• More recently, psychologists have carried out research
which shows that confessions can be false, and
eyewitnesses can get identifications wrong. Causes
conflict with legal profession and police
Examples of topics for psychologists
as expert witnesses
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Insanity defense (mental condition and responsibility?)
Competence to stand trial (understanding of legal procedures)
Sentencing and rehabilitation (dangerousness)
Eyewitness identification (processes of memory)
Techniques to enhance recall (hypnosis, guided imagery)
Child custody (evaluation of the best interests of the child)
Professional malpractice (failing the standard of care)
Civil commitment (danger ot threat of danger for self and/or others)
Social issues: pedhophily, spouse abuse, date-rape, etc.
Psychiatric and psychological evaluations
Amicus briefs: ex: death-qualified juries (1986)
Readings
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Core texts:
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Wrightsman, L.S., & Fulero, S.M. (2008). Forensic Psychology.
Belmont, CA.: Thomson Wadsworth.
Bartol, C.R., & Bartol, A.M. (2008). Current Perspectives in Forensic
Psychology and Criminal Behavior. Thousand Oaks: Sage
Publications, Inc.
Amriel, R.I. (2007). Psikologi Kaum Muda Pengguna Narkoba.
Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Depkumham. (2008). Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Jakarta:
Depkumham.