Matakuliah
Tahun
: Psikologi Diagnostik
: 2010
Diagnostic Interview
Pertemuan 7
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)
• The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) Version
IV is a fully structured questionnaire designed to
ascertain the presence or absence of major
psychiatric disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.
[DSM-IV ]
• The DIS must be administered by trained
interviewers, but these interviewers do not have to
be clinicians
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DIS – Test Development
• DIS was first developed in 1978 at the request of the
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
• Renard Diagnostic Instrument (RDI) had been written to
operationalize the Washington University Department of
Psychiatry interview  a list of symptoms serving the
Feighner criteria, developed at Washington University,
to make 14 major psychiatric diagnoses.
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DIS – Strengths and Limitations
• This means that the strengths and weaknesses of DSM are
inherent in the DIS.
• DSM-IV have been developed based on nosological data and
consensus among experts.
• The approach in DSM-IV is fundamentally grounded in a biopsycho-social approach to psychopathology; does not include
inference about causation of symptoms  data collected
using a particular diagnostic system may become obsolete
over the course of a longitudinal study.
• Results from the DIS should be considered approximations of
clinical diagnoses, and medical decisions based on DIS
results require clinical confirmation.
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DIS-IV Assets
• It is economical to use
• It offers a lifetime history of symptoms
• With the exception of a few open-ended questions, answers to the
interview are completely precoded for prompt diagnostic
assessment.
• Reliability of questions and diagnosis is high because questions and
probes are almost entirely specified
• It is acceptable to both patients and members of the general
population. Although it contains questions about sex, drinking, drug
use, and police trouble, subjects rarely refuse to answer any of
these questions.
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6
Diagnostic Interview for Children
and Adolescents (DICA)
• glossary-based semistructured interview that assesses
information about the psychiatric status of children and
adolescents 6 through 17 years of age.
• There are three versions of the current DICA: the child
version (for children 6 to 12 years of age), the
adolescent version (for adolescents ages 13 through
17 years), and the parent version (for parents of
children or adolescents ages 6 to 17 years).
• Cover all major Axis I diagnostic categories for children
and adolescents from DSM-III-R and DSM-IV*
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Diagnostic Interview for Children
and Adolescents (DICA)
• Each of these diagnostic sections contains questions about
symptomatology, resulting distress and/or impairment, onset,
recency, and treatment.
• The DICA contains sections to cover background information
about the child or adolescent, risk and protective factors, and his
or her environment. *
• The DICA questions are all read verbatim by the interviewer to the
respondent.
• There is a specific probing pattern established for symptom
questions.
• Respondents are asked to give examples of the behavior or
feelings they are thinking about when answering a question.
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DICA - Theoretical Basis
• Rutter’s studies indicated that children and adolescents
were able to answer direct questions about themselves,
and in many cases, diagnoses could be made based on
information provided by children as young as 10.
• Among these barriers was the concern that asking
children about such things as feeling depressed, thinking
about suicide, or feeling anxious might be harmful for the
children  upset the children and provoke disturbing,
frightening, or even embarrassing thoughts
Bina Nusantara University
9
DICA - Test Development
• Barbara Herjanic, M.D., first developed the DICA at
Washington University during the early 1970s.
• Based on the ICD system of classifying diagnoses, the
Feighner Research Criteria, and subsequently the third
edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s [APA]
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-III) when it was published in 1980.
• Greatly influenced by the development of the Diagnostic
Interview Schedule (DIS)  questions were phrased in a
way that children would be more likely to understand
them.
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DICA – Test Development
1. Early Revisions to Establish Two Age-Appropriate
Versions
2. The DICA Becomes a Semistructured Interview
3. Update the questions to reflect the diagnostic criteria
presented in the fourth edition of the APA’s Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV;
APA, 1994).
Bina Nusantara University
11