SHIFT
TRANSPOSITION AND MODULATION
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT
(TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
“Transposition is a translation procedure involving a change
in the grammar from SL to TL”
(Newmark, 1988: 85)
“Modulasi melibatkan pergeseran makna karena terjadi
perubahan perpektif dan sudut pandang”
(Machali, 2000: 69)
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 1
(transposition)
A shift from singular into plural (plural into singular)
bunga-bunga : flowers
banyak rumah
tiga mobil
sepasang celana
: many houses
: three cars
: a pair of trousers
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 2-A
A structural change that involves word-position in phrase
1-2-3
3-2-1
rumah - bercat merah - yang besar
big - red - house
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
long - dark - hair
rambut - hitam pekat - yang panjang
splendid ancient electric train
kereta api listrik kuno yang sangat bagus
(Machali, 2000)
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
phrase with adverb
1–2–3
3–1-2
highly - recommended - system
sistem - yang sangat - direkomendasikan
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
Shift 2-B
A structural change that involves word-position in sentence
Isu tentang HAM sudah kami bahas semenjak lima tahun yang lalu.
We have been discussing the issue of human rights since five years ago
Buku ini harus kamu baca
You must read the book
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
Shift 3
a change in part of speech
noun + noun
noun + noun
adverb + verb
verb + noun
adj
verb
+ noun
+ adj
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
mesin pembunuh
killing machine
bahan kimia
chemical material
partai politik
political party
...is categorically prohibited.
…dikategorikan terlarang.
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
in sentence
…… for the pursuit of happiness.
…untuk meraih/ mengejar kebahagiaan.
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 4
from explicit into implicit
(implicit into explicit)
Pria yang berdiri di sana itu adalah paman saya
The man (who is) standing there is my uncle.
implicit
The man standing there is my uncle
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 5
from clause into particular type of phrase
(phrase into clause) – (phrase with adjective verb)
bayi yang menangis
binatang yang berpikir
crying baby
thinking animal
burung yang berkicau
singing bird
Jendral yang senantiasa tersenyum
Smiling General
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 6
from word into phrase or clause
(clause into word)
cozy
suasana nyaman, hangat, dan akrab
incommunicado
kondisi terputus komunikasi dengan dunia luar
interchangeability
kondisi bisa saling dipertukarkan
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 7
(modulation)
specific meaning
general meaning
padi : rice
gabah: rice
beras : rice
nasi
: rice
kakak : brother, sister
adik: : brother, sister
SHIFT OR TRANSPOSITIONNAD MODULATION
paklek
: paman : uncle
pakde
: paman : uncle
assassinate : membunuh
murder
: membunuh
kill
: membunuh
anggur
: grape
anggur
: wine
mendengar : listen
mendengar : hear
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 8
(modulation)
coining a new term for a series of word
train
: berlatih
training
: pelatihan
trainer
: pelatih
trainee
: peserta pelatihan