Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 1, Central Cache
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:88-89
Squier and Davis 1848; Stevens 1870:438
Moorehead 1922: Figure 9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Sculptured tablets (“several”)
- at least four serpents
A. Coiled rattlesnake (figure 9)
- cinnamon-colored sandstone
- 6 2/3 inches long x 1 3/8 inches broad
- head may be plumed
B. Tablet (context is hearsay)
- originally enveloped in copper sheeting
- originally painted different colors: dark red and dense black still discernible
C. Chlorite disks (30-40) [Stevens 1870:438, cited in Griffin in Jennings reader on
North American Archaeology]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 2, Central Cache
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Squier and Davis 1848:158
Shetrone 1926:18, 30
Shetrone 1926: Figure 66
Feature Description:
- Deposit on mound floor
Contents:
1. Hornstone flint disks (8000+)
- 8,185 [per Moorehead 1922:96]
- six inches long, four inches wide
- many were round
- many were spearhead-shaped
2. Other flint biface (1) (figure 66)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 1 & Burial 2
Burial
Burials 1 & 2
Shetrone 1926:20-23
Figure 2
Feature Description:
- No log molds indicative of timber enclosure
- Hard black muck put directly on bodies
- Pit found directly beneath skull of skeleton 1 (passage for soul?)
- 18 inch diameter, 4 feet deep filled with loose loam
- matching hole found somewhat west
- not associated with skeleton
- A rude rectangular platform 6 inches high beneath skeletons
- Burned clay- red and yellow
- in feature (cone-shaped) just below foot(?) of skeleton 2
- feature 15 inches deep across at top
- partly filled at bottom stoned
- clay removed from a crematory basin (burned)
- two more such pits further away
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2) (figure 2)
- head missing
- one very tall skeleton
- one skeleton 5 feet 8 inches
- extended on backs- heads west
- rude rectangular platform 6 inches high
- no special preparation – no logs
- side by side skeleton 1 to north, 2
2. Copper earspools (2)
- one was covered in silver foil
- one in each hand of Burial 1
3. Copper head plate (1)
- at head of Burial 1
- present where skull should have been. Skull was absent.
4. Copper beads (about 100)
- beneath Burial 2’s left hand
- associated with bark and woven fabric
5. Copper adze (1)
- near left foot of Burial 2 and between 2 skeletons
[Photo]
- Grave area normal
- Head plate type is plain (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 3
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:23-24
Figure 4
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1) (figure 4)
- 11 foot by 8 foot “pretentious” stone grave
- unique at Hopewell
- stones made up walls and floor
- skeleton at center, head southeast
- 5 feet. 6 in.
2. Ocean shell container- (1)
- right side of head
3. Beads - ocean shell (several thousand, ~2000)
- over head, face, neck, shoulders
4. Copper plates (2)
- [breastplates]
- under left shoulder
- under hips
5. Copper earspools (2)
- in each hand
6. Copper axe (1)
- between the feet of skeleton
[Photo]
- Extended
- Some stone in walls
- One breastplate under back (probably corresponds w/ shoulders), one between legs
beneath hips
- Copper celt between ankles
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
- Water barrier of light stone
- Grave area is large
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 4
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:25
Figure 4
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1) (figure 4)
- 5 feet 9 inches
- extended on back, head southeast
2. Copper plate- large (1)
- [breastplates]
- at base of the skull
3. Ocean shell container - large (1)
- at the right side of skull
4. Beads- shell (“many”)
- strewn over head and neck
5. Beads - pearl (“a few”)
- strewn over head and neck
6. Copper earspool
- in each hand
7. Skeleton 3 to south
- ocean shell container, same position
- ocean shell beads, same distribution
- two copper plates
- two earspools, same position
- one axe
[Photo]
- Conch on right side of head
- Shells number perhaps 1000 on chest
- All foot bones absent
- No floor prep (possibly not visible in photo)
- No wall prep
- No cover prep (possibly not visible in photo)
- Body wrap not visible
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 5
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:25-30
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- 5 feet, 10 inches
- on back (extended)
- 6 feet north of burial 4
2. Shell container (1)
- fasciolaria
- 15 inches long
- right and slightly above head of Burial 4
3. Copper earspools (4)
- one spool in each hand
- at least one is by ears
4. Mussel shell spoon (1)
- at right foot
5. Mica plate (1)
- near right shoulder
6. Copper plate
- rectangular (breastplate?)
- evidence of fabric attached
- under head
7. Trophy(?) skull
- 10 inches to right of skeleton
- right of shell container
- scalping(?) marks
8. Copper plate
- [headplate]
- helmet-like, curved
- on top of trophy(?) skull
9. Shell beads- many
- at neck of skeleton
[Photo]
- Breastplate on left side of skull
- Earspool by ears
- No floor prep
- No visible body wrap
- No platform
- Grave area unknown
- Earspools in hands and beside ears
- Five earspools total (could be 2 lobes of 1 spool)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 3, Skeleton 237
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891: October 27
Feature Description:
- Southwest of altar
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Cut human maxilla (1)
- near upper arm
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 3, Skeleton 238
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1891: November 2
Feature Description:
- Southwest of altar
- Apparently a ceremonial deposit rather than a burial
Contents:
1. Human trophy (1)
- cut maxilla and perforated mandible
2. Copper celt (1)
- covered in a yellow substance
3. Large Pot
- fragments
4. Cut maxilla and perforated mandible
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 3, Shetrone 1926:30
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:30
Feature Description:
- In the southeast portion of the mound
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1924: 6/24/1924
Feature Description:
- Disturbed previously
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- disturbed
2. Bear teeth (2)
- one incisor, one canine
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 2A
Burial
Burials 2A & 2B
Shetrone 1926:33
Feature Description:
- No timber structure surrounding burial
- At southwest margin, eight inches above floor
- Deposit of coarse gravel under bones
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- single skull and long bones of 2 or more adults
- tibia and fibula ankylosis on one side
- bundle burial (only one at Hopewell)
2. Copper earspool (1)
- near armpit [Photo]
3. Bone awl (1)
- unknown position
[Photo]
- Earspool is near armpit
- No apparent body wrap
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 2B
Burial
Burials 2A & 2B
Shetrone 1926:33
Feature Description:
- No timber structure surrounding burial
- Deposit of coarse gravel under bones
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- part of bundle burial with Shetrone 1926:33
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 3
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:33
Feature Description:
- Right next to Burial 4
- Plain feature
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- large
- lying with arms and legs “akimbo”
- head to east
[Photo]
- No wall preparation.
- No apparent body wrap.
- No platform
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 4
Burial
Burials 4 & 7
Shetrone 1926:33-34
Feature Description:
- No timber enclosure
- Close to Burial 3; on top of Burial 7
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- on top of cremation (Burial 7)
- beneath shoulders and back
- large sized
2. Wolf jaws (2)
- cut and perforated
- at neck
- both maxillae
[Photo]
- Very small grave
- No cover prep visible
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 5
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:34
Feature Description:
- No timbers
- Two large, flat stones on either side of head
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Flint flake knives (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- finely made
- beside right elbow
3. Raccoon canines (12)
- perforated
- beside right humerus
[Photo]
- No floor prep
- No wall prep
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 6
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:34
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head facing northeast
2. Small ocean shell container (1)
- “at feet” [field notes]
3. Small pyrula shell (1)
- “at feet” [field notes]
[Photo]
- Hole in floor
- No wall preparation
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 7
Burial
Burials 4 & 7
Shetrone 1926:34-35
Feature Description:
- No timbers
- Below the back and shoulders of Burial 4
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Flint-flake knife- long (1)
- unknown position
3. Shell ornament- remnants (1)
- unknown position
4. Copper earspools (4)
- unknown position
5. Platform pipe (1)
- “finely made, perfect”
- gray Ohio pipestone
- unknown position
[Photo]
- Inhumation visible
- No floor prep
- No platform
- Grave Size is small
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 8
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:35
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- just next to Burial 4
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 4, Burial 9
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:35
Feature Description:
- Toward southwest margin of mound
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northwest
2. Flaked knives (7)
- [fancy prismatic blade]
- translucent chalcedony
- at head
3. Notched Arrow point (1)
- [gem biface]
- translucent chalcedony
- at head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 5, Altar
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Squier and Davis 1848:156
Feature Description:
- Composed of elevated earth 2 ½ feet high
- Faced and capped with large flat stones
- Five feet long by three feet four inches wide
- Marks of fire
Contents:
1. Ornament fragments (“a few”)
2. Pearl beads (“a few”)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial l
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:37
Feature Description:
- Disturbed, skeletons previously removed and then returned haphazardly
- Six feet long; 2 ½ feet wide
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northwest
2. Pearl beads (a few)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 7, Shetrone 1926:37
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:37
Feature Description:
- Disturbed; skeletons previously removed and then returned haphazardly
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper headplate (1)
- scalp-like or feather-like in shape
- unknown position
Note: Possibly other artifacts that have been removed
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 7, Shetrone 1926:38
Burial
None
Shethrone 1926:38
Feature Description:
- Most of skeletons and artifacts previously removed
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southwest
2. Shell beads (“a number of”)
- at right foot
3. Pearl beads (“a number of”)
- at right foot
4. Flint spear point (1)
- translucent, pink and white chalcedony
- 4 inches by 2 inches
- at right hand
Note: The following was not definitely associated with this burial:
5. Copper cover buttons (2-3)
- in disturbed earth nearby
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 8, Skeleton 239
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:102
Feature Description:
- Next to Skeleton 240
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 8, Skeleton 240
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:102
Feature Description:
- Next to Skeleton 239
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 8, Skeleton 241
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:102-103
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Large sheets of mica (2)
- 12 inches across
- circular mirrors
- unknown position
3. Tennessee flint nodule (1)
- 20-30 pounds
- a short distance away
4. Ocean shell container (1)
- small
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 9, Altar A
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Squier and Davis 1848:155-156
Figure 141
Feature Description:
- Altar occurs considerably to one side of the center
- At the corresponding opposite side is a layer of charcoal
- A stratum of sand covers both the “altar” and the charcoal layer.
- Round in shape; two feet across the top
Contents:
1. Obsidian instruments (“several”)
- too long for arrow-heads and too narrow for spears- ceremonial spears?
2. Scrolls from sheets of mica (“several”)
- general examples (figure 141)
3. Traces of cloth
- “doubled and twisted” weaving structure
4. Ivory or bone needles (“a considerable number”)
5. Pearl Beads (“a quantity of”)
6. Stone cover for a small vessel (1)
- carved
7. Copper fragments
- thin narrow slips
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 11, Crematory Basin
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:39-43
Figure 10
Feature Description:
- South part of the mound
- Crematory basin 20 inches x 28 inches - very small
- Cremation and large obsidian deposit encircled by a row of stores widely spaced
with an opening to the crematory basin (figure 10)
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- charred remains
2. Mica sheets (2)
- 9 inches in diameter
- unknown position
3. Pearl beads (a few)
- unknown position
4. Obsidian deposit
- 300 pounds
- flakes, cores etc.
- 5 were notched arrow points
- bordering burial to south
- arranged in rounded rectangle 6 feet x 7 feet
- probably Yellowstone obsidian
5. Mica figures (2)
- unknown position
6. Flat based, oval shaped cut and polished object of chlorite
- beetle shaped
- 1½ inches long
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 11, Shetrone 1926:40
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:40
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin, its contents mostly removed
- Four feet across
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 16, Moorehead 1891:10-12
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891: October 12
Feature Description:
- Southwest of center
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- bones charred
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 17, Offering 1
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:44-45
Greber & Ruhl 1989
Figures 41-42, 53, 74, 115, 120, 130-133, 138, 147
Feature Description:
- Alongside and partly filling a rectangular basin 22 inches by 26 inches
- An oval space of five feet by seven feet was occupied by the ceremonial deposit
- Outline of the oval space was defined by the application of a cubic yard of yellowgreen clay (often associated with burials)
- Artifacts were mixed with and on to of the clay
Contents:
1. Wild duck or goose carved platform pipe (1) (figure 74)
- green black steatite
- two duck heads with necks twined
3. Platform pipes (13+)
- twelve plain
- one is large and made of drab Ohio pipestone
- some fragmentary
- Ohio pipestone
4. Eagle boat-shape ceremonial (1) (figure 132)
- Ohio pipestone
- eyes set with pearls
5. Hollow crow image (1) (figure 133)
- [boatstone]
- head and neck
- black shale
6. Saucer-shaped dishes (2)
- 2½ inches in diameter
- miscellaneous stone (goldstone)
7. Discoidals (2)
- large
- 4 inch diameter
- fine grained sandstone
8. Cones (3)
- chlorite (1) and goldstone (2)
9. Gorgets (2) (figure 120)
- green chlorite
10. Laurentian slate tablets (6)
- [tablets]
- large
- eleven tablets in all
- at least one is sandstone
11. Bar-like gorgets (2)
- slate
12. Granite plummet (1)
13. Stone rings (2)
- [earspools per Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- large and fine
- slate
14. Spear Point (1)
- [Ross Barbed]
- large
- obsidian
15. Discoid-like objects (2) (figures 130-131)
- transparent quartz crystal
16. Copper perforator (1)
- resembles 20 penny spike
- 5½ inches long
17. Copper anklets or bracelets (2)
- heavy
18. Copper axe (1)
- [celt]
- large
19. Copper pendant (1) (figure 115)
- [cutout]
- circular with bosses
20. Human head (1) (figure 138)
- copper in the round
21. Copper cup shaped objects (10)
- stacked
22. Perforator
- meteoric iron
- square nail shape
23. Buttons (2)
24. Beads (1)
- stone
25. Arrow point (1)
- flint
26. Shark’s teeth (1)
- fossil
27. Carved bone fragments (figure 147)
- [wand/baton]
28. Copper ear ornament (1)
- [earspool]
29. Button
- silver covered
30. Potsherds (many) (figure 53)
- several varieties, some decorated
31. Graphite
- chunks and pieces (“many”)
32. Hematite
- foliated or micaceous
33. Goldstone (2 large pieces)
- pyrite
34. Large stone plate (1)
- [MiscUtilFancyObj]
- circular
- [possible mandala]
- worked from peculiar cone in cone stone at center of deposit
- artifacts on and around
35. Celts (49) (figures 41-42)
- 1½ – 5 inches length
- granite, gabro, or slate
36. Mushroom effigy (1)
- from OHS accession list (283/131 Drawer 28G)
- stone
37. Flint points (“more than 1”)
38. Tubular bone fragments
- [possibly beads]
Notes:
- Finer items often undamaged
- Many more basic objects intentionally broken
- Burning occurred in connection with this cache. However, the burning probably
occurred elsewhere and the remnants were scooped up and brought to the cache
- Alongside and partly filling a rectangular basin 22 inches by 26 inches an oval
space of 5 feet by 7 feet was occupied by the cache
- Outline of the oval space was defined by the application of a cubic yard of yellowgreen clay, often associated with burials
- Artifacts were mixed with and on top of the clay
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 17, Deposit 2
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:47-49
Figures 118, 120
Feature Description:
- Basin within which a large artifact deposit was placed
- “Well toward the northern margin of the mound”
- Basin was 18 inches by 22 inches
- Burned red to considerable depth
- Artifacts filled basin and extended out from basin covering a circular area 4.5 feet
across
- Objects mingled with earth, clay and charcoal (probably intentional)
- Many objects broken up
Contents:
1. Gorget-like object (1)
- [MiscUtilFancyObj]
- sandstone
- disk-shaped
- 8.5 in by 4.5 in
- similar to object found at center of Mound 17 Ceremonial Offering 1, and a large
deposit at Tremper [Mills the Tremper Mound Vol. II pt. 3]
- [possible mandala?]
2. Bone spatulas
- broken
3. Pottery fragments
- mostly utilitarian
4. Mica Strips
- cut
- fragments of designs
5. Flint-flake knives (3)
- bladelets
6. Bear claws (10)
7. Hammer stones (2)
- granite
8. Celts (3)
- granite
9. Elongated Granite specimens (2)
- “celt-like objects” according to accession list
10. Club-shaped implement (1)
- sandstone
- “war club?” according to accession list
11. Bar-shaped ornament (1)
- [pendant/gorget]
- chlorite
12. Cup-shaped ornament (1)
- crystal quartz
13. Boat shaped ornaments (3)
- large quartz crystals
- perforated
14. Bar-shaped ornaments (3)
- [pendant/gorgets]
- pipestone
15. Bar-like objects (4)
- [pendants/gorgets]
- chlorite
16. Gorgets and tablets (15)
- chlorite
17. Notched and decorated chlorite (2) – figure 120
- [one is bird tail (fan) effigy]
- [one is misc. fancy/utilitarian object]
- green
18. Cone-shaped specimens (30)
- chlorite
- gold and green?
19. Cones (50)
- pyrite nodules
20. Grooved axe (1) (figure 118)
- [celt]
- finely made
- perhaps unique in Hopewell Mounds
21. Human skull fragments (“several”)
- [may be accidental]
- uncremated
[Photo]
- Notched and decorated chlorite might be bird tail effigy.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 18, Skeleton 170
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:92-93
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Human maxilla (1)
- [apparently Moorehead’s Skeleton 171]
- cut
- may have been one of the cut maxilla examples
- next to left humerus 4 inches below glenoid fossa of scapula
- other cranial bone “ornaments” present
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 18, Skeleton 181
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891:6
Dorsey 1891a
Moorehead 1922: Figure 9
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- [apparently extended]
- male, 40-50 years [Johnston, Chapter 10 this volume]
- male, 45+ [Pickering]
2. Incised mandible (1) (figure 9)
- beside left humerus of Skeleton 181
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 19, Altar
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:94
Plate 41
Feature Description:
- Clay “altar” or crematory basin (Plate 41)
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica (“some”)
- unknown position
3. Galena (“some”)
- unknown position
4. Bone implement fragments
- unknown position
5. Flake knives (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- unknown position
6. Quartz (“some”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 20, Mica Floor
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:53
Figure 16
Feature Description:
- Mica sheets covering burnt area on floor (figure 16)
- At northwest margin of mound far from other burials [1, 2, and 3]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 20, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:52-53
Figure 117
Feature Description:
- Cremated remains on elevated surface three inches above floor
- Above and around cremation was a conical covering of stones five feet in diameter
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1?)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
3. Copper panpipes (1) (figure 117)
- 3 tubes enclosing tubular bones
- unknown position
[Photo]
- No floor prep visible
- No body wrap visible
- No platform (elevation is platform)
- Water barrier present, light-colored stone, regular shape
- Grave small in terms of floor area
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 20, Burial 2
Burial
Burials 2 & 3
Shetrone 1926:53
Feature Description:
- Double burial with Burial 3
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northwest
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 20, Burial 3
Burial
Burials 2 & 3
Shetrone 1926:53
Feature Description:
- No information; double burial with Burial 2
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- in a line alongside Burial 2 from neck to knee
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:54
Feature Description:
- Cremation located on north margin of mound 30 feet in from the west end.
- Three large flat stones were set up around burial
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper ear ornaments (2)
- on cremated bundle [Photo]
- [earspools]
3. Ocean shell container (1)
- on cremated bundle [Photo]
[Photo]
- No floor preparation, no platform
- No wall preparation
- No visible body wrap
- Water barrier, light-colored stone, position = (A) shape = (S)
- Grave area is small
- Conch position is on cremation
- Earspool position is on cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 2
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:54-55
Feature Description:
- Within the primary mound
- Surrounded by small timbers
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southwest
- placed on a bed of bark
2. Copper earspools (2)
- one in each hand
3. Pierced bodkin or needle (1)
- bone
- at left femur
4. Rounded bone awl (1)
- at left femur
5. Flint flake knife (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- finely fashioned
- rose colored
- one at the head
- one at the left hand
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 182
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891: September 22
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 183
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891: September 22
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 184
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 185
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south-southeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 186
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- bones crushed by weight of earth
2. Stone celts (5)
- unknown position
3. Stone projectile points (“several”)
- unknown position
4. Cut jaws of fox and lynx
- wild cat mandible
- unknown position
5. Bone points (“some”)
- unknown position
6. Cut deer bones
- leg bones
- unknown position
7. Flake knives
- [other flint biface unknown]
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 187
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
2. Bone awl (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 197
Burial
Skeletons 197 & 203
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- slightly charred
- side by side with Skeleton 203
- head to north
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 198
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
- right next to Skeleton 229
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 199
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description:
- Near southern “altar” or crematory basin
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Ocean shell (1)
- large
- near body
3. Copper plates (2)
- [breastplates]
- leather garment stuck to one of the plates
- near body
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 200
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 201
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Moorehead 1897a:208
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper button (1)
- found near cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 202
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:97
Moorehead 1897a: pg. 208
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Note: This cremation might have been associated with a copper plate, bone awls, and
cut mica ornaments, but it is difficult to tell from Moorehead’s field notes (1891:15)
whether the reference is to this or another skeleton.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 203
Burial
Skeletons 197 & 203
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- slightly charred
- immediately adjacent to Skeleton 197
- head to north
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 204
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 205
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 206
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- slightly charred
- head to west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 207
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description:
- South side of west “altar” [per map]
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (“many”)
- near radius on each side
3. Pierced wolf and fox teeth (506)
- around neck
- around head [per field notes]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 208
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 209
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Dorsey 1891a
Feature Description:
- Southwest of west “altar” or crematory basin [per map]
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper plate (1)
- on chest
3. Platform pipes (2)
- stone
- at elbows
4. Pearl beads
- necklace
- beside head
5. Bear teeth (8)
- four canine, four non-canine
- four are around neck, four near pubis
- two with pearls inset
- others with holes that may have been set with pearls
- two cut
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 210
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 211
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 212
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 213
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98-99
Feature Description:
- West of eastern “Altar” or crematory basin
- Covered by bed of clay and gravel 10 feet thick
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- feet were missing
2. Bone bead (1)
- unknown position
3. Pearl and shell beads (“a quantity”)
- one string of very small pearl beads still retained vegetal string.
- unknown position
4. Bear teeth (5)
- accession records say seven, raw materials catalog says eight
- two uncut
- third cut in several places
- unknown position
5. Copper plate (1)
- unknown position
6. Earspools (4)
- one on each side of the head
- one in right hand
- textile fragment associated with one of the earspools
7. Human maxilla trophy (1)
- cut
- near the head
- perforated
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 214
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 215
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 216
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Moorehead 1897a:
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by stones
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 217
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 218
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northwest
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 219
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Platform pipe (1)
- near body
3. Earspool (1)
- near right hand
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 220
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 221
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 222
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 223
Burial
Skeletons 223 & 224
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
- side by side with Skeleton 224
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 224
Burial
Skeletons 223 & 224
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- side by side with Skeleton 223
- head to north
- charred ,possibly elsewhere
2. Platform pipe (1)
- stone
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 225
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 226
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
2. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
- [apparently at ears according to copper staining of skull]
3. Copper covered button (1)
- oblong; perforated at end
- unknown position
Note: It is likely that the skull for Burial 236 in the Field Museum collection (catalog
number 41607) actually belongs to Burial 226. Moorehead (1891:19) reports that none
of the bones from Burial 236 were saved, and that the individual was unaccompanied by
artifacts; yet the collection contains a well-preserved skull for Burial 236, with copper
staining of the temporal region indicative of the presence of copper earspools (Appendix
10.3). Therefore, this skull clearly does not belong to Burial 236. Copper staining of the
temporal region suggests that the skull belongs with another individual from Mound 23
who was buried with earspools at the ears. Moorehead (1891) reported only four
individuals in all of Mound 23 with earspools, and only two of these had earspools that
were not exclusively associated with the hands (Burials 213, 226). Skeletal remains were
not found in the collection for either of these burials, so the mislabeled skull could
potentially belong to either of them. However, the simplest error that might lead to
mislabeling Burial 236 would come from misreading Burial 226 as Burial 236 (i.e., a
handwritten "2" read as a "3"). Therefore, skull 41607 is assumed to belong to Burial
226 rather than Burial 236, and the age and sex information associated with skull 41607
is recorded under Burial 236 in the database.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 227
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Moorehead 1891:18; Moorehead 1897a:
Feature Description:
- Surrounded by a ring of stones
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 228
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 229
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 230
Burial
Skeletons 230, 231, 232
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description:
- Triple burial with Skeleton 231 and Skeleton 232
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 231
Burial
Skeletons 230, 231, 232
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: Triple burial with 230 and 232
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
2. Ocean shell container (1)
- near right side of head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 232
Burial
Skeletons 230, 231, 232
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
- triple burial with Skeleton 230 and Skeleton 231
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 233
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 234
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 235
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 23, Skeleton 236
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:99
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Note: The skull associated with Skeleton 236 in the Field Museum Collection most likely
belongs with Skeleton 226 (see Skeleton 226 above for explanation).
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Altar
Burial
None
Moorehead 1897:96
Feature Description:
- Burnt deposit covered in sand
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper bracelets (10)
- in two heaps of five
- encircling some bone so many have been worn
- on arm
3. Mica plates (2)
- thick
- possibly mirrors
- beside cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:56
Shetrone field notes
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper earspool (1)
- “with the burned bones”
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Burial 2
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:56
Shetrone field notes
Feature Description:
- Southern half removed
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Burial 3
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:56
Shetrone field notes
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Shetrone 1926:56
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:56
Feature Description:
- In two parts, with lower half of body three feet away from upper
Contents:
1. Human skeletal and cremated remains (1)
- top half cremated
- bottom half inhumation
- feet to west
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Shetrone 1922:9-2
Burial
None
Shetrone 1922: 9-2
Feature Description:
- North of center above a previously investigated cremation
- 2 feet diameter, slightly elevated
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- partially cremated
2. Mica sheets (3)
- above cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Skeleton 191
Burial
Burials 191 & 192 (trophy skull)
Moorehead 1922:96-97
Dorsey 1891a
Feature Description:
- Ten feet southwest of center stake
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Trophy skull (1)
- [Moorehead’s Burial 192]
- 2 feet to right side of head
- occipital perforated
- very different type of skull from Burial 191
-similar to Stone Grave people of Tennessee
3. Buscyon marine shell (1)
- near left arm
4. Perforated shells (2)
- near left arm
5. Shell ornaments (?)
- near left arm
- found on “line of clavicle” [field notes]
- some perforated
6. Bear’s teeth (8)
- near left arm
- some perforated
7. Pottery fragments with pointed base
- near body
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Skeleton 193
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:96
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
- some charring of bones
- arms clasped across chest
2. Flaked knives (several)
- unknown position
3. Shell container (1)
- unknown position
4. Bear Teeth
- unknown position
5. Bone (?) awls/skewers (“several”)
- unknown position
6. Cut dog mandible (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Skeleton 194
Burial
Skeletons 194 & 195
Moorehead 1922:96
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- next to Skeleton 195
- head to south [per map]
- double burial with Skeleton 195
- lay on side with face to west
- hands crossed over chest
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Skeleton 195
Burial
Skeletons 194 & 195
Moorehead 1922:96-97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- next to Skeleton 194
- head to south [per map]
- mandible and 1 radius missing
- lay on side with face to west
2. Copper plate (1)
- unknown position
3. Bone awls
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Skeleton 196
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:Plate 44
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- charred
2. Shell - ocean shell container? (1)
- left side of body above pelvis
3. Copper earspools (2)
- by left leg, femur
- actually earspools
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 24, Moorehead 1891:9-25
Burial
None
Moorehead 1891:14 [typed field notes]
Feature Description:
- On east side of mound
Contents:
1. Charred human remains (1)
- could not be recovered
- [apparently extended]
2. Copper earspools (2)
- beside wrist bones
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Copper Deposit
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:109
Shetrone 1926:74-75, Greber & Ruhl, 1989, Moorehead
1891:8
Relevant Figures & Plates: Greber & Ruhl 1989: Figures 4.17-4.19, 4.30; Moorehead
1922: Plate 69-3.
Feature Description:
- Four feet above baseline
- Located in body of mound [votive?]
- Location within mound structure not given
- near center of mound
- Bark above and below ground
Contents:
1. Sheet copper (120) (Greber & Ruhl 1989 figures 4.17- 4.19)
- sandwiched between layers of bark laid flat in an area 3 feet long and 2 wide
- worked into various patterns (many)
- most are unique designs
- tiny crescent or bear tooth effigy, or bear head/serpent head cutout – perforated at
one end
- conventionalized human face [Greber & Ruhl 1989 figure 4.30]
- talon symbols in pairs (“several”)
2. Long mass of copper (1)
- [copper cutouts]
- covered with wood on one side
- squares and “five other traceable things on reverse”
3. Single copper rings (18)
- [copper cutouts]
- two were small
4. Double copper rings (2 sets)
- [copper cutouts]
- one set of three
- one set of two
5. Copper saucer shaped disks (5)
- [copper cutouts]
6. Copper saw-shaped design (1)
- [copper cutouts]
7. Copper arrowhead (1)
- [fancy point]
8. Copper combination design of circles and bars
- [copper cutouts]
9. Small mass copper
10. Copper fish (4)
- [copper cutouts]
- 3 fragmentary, 1 whole
- whole fish resembles “red-horse”
11. Copper diamond shaped stencils (2)
- [copper cutouts]
12. Long copper plates (3)
- 1 perforated
13. Swastika crosses (2)
- [copper cutouts]
14. Copper spool shaped ornaments (4)
- [earspools]
- 2 with 4 holes each
15. Copper circles (10)
- [cutouts]
-1 mass of 10
16. Copper effigies (4)
- [copper cutouts]
- comb-shaped or bear paw
17. Spoon-shaped pieces of copper (2)
- [pendants]
18. Copper squares, circles, etc. (40)
- [copper cutouts]
- many fragmentary
19. Copper semicircles, straight edges, squares (11)
- [copper cutouts]
20. Small copper cross with two arms
- [copper cutouts]
21. Earspools covered with meteoric iron (?)
22. Pieces of cane (6)
- [panpipes]
- 5¼ long
23. Copper bracelets (“several”)
24. Eagle cutouts (2)
- fragmentary
25. Raven cutout (1) [Moorehead 1922:Plate 69-3]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Altar 1
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:113
Moorehead 1897:261; Greber & Ruhl, 1989
Plate LXXIX, Figures 23-25, 27, 28, 31-34, 36, 37, 39, 40,
42, 66
Feature Description:
- 28 feet north of copper deposit on baseline
- Artifacts placed within the altar, burned, and covered with earth
- Covered by small primary mound
Contents:
1. Mica cutouts (“approximately 200”) (plate LXXIX, figures 39- 40)
- wedges, atl-atl-shape [representing owl eyes?], oblong ovals, keyhole with circles;
scalloped edge designs, etc.
2. Copper earspools (“over 500”)
- some covered with iron or silver
3. Copper balls
- also silver covered
4. Large pearl beads (“many”)
- 19,000 pearl beads total
5. Bear teeth (“large number”)
- perforated
6. Panther teeth
7. Carved bones
- [wand/baton & carvebone]
- includes human effigy in antler (figure 66)
8. Carved stone effigies (“several”)
- one bird head effigy of mottled stone (figure 34)
- tadpole/salamander boatstone with two holes (figure 36)
- one bird boatstone with parrot-like beak
- four holes along back; Moorehead thinks it is an owl (figure 37)
9. Stone tablets (“many”) (figure 27)
10. Slate ornaments (“several”) (Plate LXXVII 4)
- [pendants]
- circular bands with perforations
- material not indicated, possibly copper
11. Slate earspools (14+) (plate LXXVII 1-3)
12. Ceramic rings
- [earspools]
13. Quartz cones (2 plus) (figure 24)
14. Quartz crystals (“many”)
15. Quartz blades (“many”)
- [quartz biface]
16. Quartz core (1) (figure 25)
17. Flint knives (?)
18. Cloth
19. Iron adzes with antler handles (“several”) (figure 23)
- [celts]
20. Black tourmaline crystal (1)
- [misc. fancy object]
21. Iron drill (1)
- [misc. iron tool]
22. Shell beads (“many”)
23. Iron beads (many, perhaps 50+)
- also copper and silver beads
24. Plummets (“several”)
- stone and shell
25. Stone bowl with hole (1) (figure 32)
- actually boatstone only 2 5/8 x 1 ¼ inches
26. Stone bar amulet (1) (Moorehead 1922: figure 33)
- [pendant]
- two ends are incised [resemble bear feet]
27. Iridescent fossil (1) (figure 42)
- perforated
28. Bone beads (325)
- all 325 of bird wing bone
- one string is bird bone beads
29. Potsherds
- at least 1 vessel
- three vessels [per Greber]
30. Bear claws (167, in groups)
- perforated
31. Seed pearls (“many”)
32. Stone chisel (1)
33. Stone celts (“several”) (figure 28)
- non functional?
34. Obsidian knife fragments
- [obsidian biface]
35. Arrow points (“several”)
- stone
36. Flint spearpoint (1)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
37. Chert blades
- [other flint biface]
38. Resin lumps
39. Shell bear tooth (1)
40. Stone tube (1) (figure 31)
- 3 inches long
- atl-atl handle [may belong in Altar 2]
41. Obsidian cores
42. Copper buttons
- covered clay and wood
43. Iron-covered panpipe band (1)
44. Copper tubes
- [probably associated with panpipe band]
- thick and wide
45. Misc. copper objects
46. Mica sheets (“many”)
47. Mustard seed pearls (“many”)
48. Copper nuggets
49. Silver nuggets
50. Reel-shaped shell gorget
51. Cut shells (87)
- embroidery?
52. Small mammal foot bones (110)
53. Human effigy (1)
- Ivory or animal tooth
- Altar 1 per Willoughby
54. Spoonbill effigy (1)
- [animal carving]
- represented by fragment of beak only
Note: Items Excluded From Database:
Shark teeth (From Accession List)
- exclude from D-base
- Willoughby doesn’t mention shark teeth in Altar 1
Stone pipe (1+)
- exclude from D-base
- no platform pipes in Altar 1 [per Greber & Ruhl 1989]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Altar 2
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:114
Moorehead 1897:261, Greber & Ruhl 1989
Figures 29-30, 35, 43, 65
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin and surrounding area
- Larger cache than Altar 1
- Covered by small primary mound
Contents:
1. Obsidian ceremonial blades and points
- [obsidian biface]
- several hundred (150 spearpoints)
2. Platform pipes (2) (5 per Greber)
- one shows roseate spoonbill on bowl
- one is and aquatic bird on a fishes back
- four are plain
3. Bar amulet (1)
- [pendant]
- stone
- accession says Altar 1, site report says Altar 2
4. Hematite plummet (1) (figure 29)
5. Hollow slate cone (1) (figure 30)
- shaped like Hershey’s kiss
6. Stone bear tooth (1) (figure 35)
7. Fossil shark teeth (“several”)
8. Shell plummet (1) (figure 43)
- 4 cm long
9. Small animal foot bones (690)
10. Decorated bones (“several”)
- [wand/baton]
- one is a triangular dark baton
11. Antler boatstone (1) (figure 65)
- hawk with conventionalized human face on head
- 1 hole
12. Human head (1)
- [wand/baton]
- antler
- black
13. Cloth
14. Bear teeth
- perforated canines
15. Tortoise shell pendants
16. Ceramic earspools (?)
17. Graphite rings (?)
- [earspools]
18. Quartz lance/spearpoints (“a number of”)
19. Pearl and shell beads (perhaps 100,000)
- 800 are shell
20. Chalcedony knives (“many”)
- [fancy prismatic blade]
21. Claws (128)
- type not specified
- [Greber & Ruhl 1989 say bear]
22. Tablets
- stone, polished
23. Panpipes (“several”)
24. Copper antler effigy (1)
25. Iron pyrite
26. Quartz crystals (“several dozen”)
27. Perforated/polished quartz crystals (“fragments”)
28. Copper cutouts (“various”)
- one is ear effigy (Greber & Ruhl 1989:124)
29. Iron beads
30. Bird bone beads (3275)
-wing bones
31. Cut mammal jaws
- fragmentary
32. Bone awls/needles (“many”)
33. Mica books
34. Cut shells (413)
- embroidery
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Shetrone 1924:7-9
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1924: 7/9/24
Feature Description:
- On the 210 foot line; 15 feet from north wall
- Six feet across
Contents:
1. Eagle claws (“several”)
- [probably bear]
2. Wolf jaws
- cut
3. Bear jaws
- cut
4. Mica bits
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Shetrone 1924:7-16
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1924: 7/16/24
Feature Description:
- On the 230 foot line, 15 feet south of center
- Covers a circular area less than 10 feet across
Contents:
1. Imitation split and drilled bear teeth (a number of)
2. Animal jaws
- fragments and portions
3. Beads (a few)
4. Flint flake knives (“several”)
- [other flint prismatic biface]
5. Eagle claws (“some”)
- [probably bear]
6. Perforated human digit (1)
7. Human skull (2-3 fragments)
[possible “trophy skull”?]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 1
Burial
Burials 1 & 2
Shetrone:1926:61-63
Feature Description:
- 4 ½ feet above the floor (This and Burial 2 are the only Mound 25 burials not on the
baseline)
- Placed upon a bed of gravel and interred at the same time
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- laid at right angles to skeleton two with legs crossing [per map]
2. Pearl beads (several hundred)
- necklace
- at neck of Burial 1
3. Copper earspools (2)
- under head of Burial 1
4. Bear canines (6)
- three sawed into two parts
- no position given
Other:
- Burial 5 was nearby but disturbed by plow and possibly intrusive
- Burial 2 had no artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 2
Burial
Burials 1 & 2
Shetrone 1926:61-63
Feature Description:
- 4 ½ feet above the floor
- This and Burial 1 are the only Mound 25 burials not on the baseline
- Placed upon a bed of gravel and interred at the same time
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- laid at right angles to skeleton one with legs crossing [per map]
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 3
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:63
Figure 54
Feature Description:
- Six feet above the floor on a bed of gravel
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- large and small stones placed at head and feet
- head to northeast
2. Saucer-shaped gorget
- marine shell
- on chest (figure 54)
- one perforation
3. Shell beads
- univalve shells (“numerous”)
- on forearms
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 4
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:63
Figure 105, 116, 140
Feature Description:
- Raised earthen platform 7 feet by 4 ½ feet
- Cremation in northwest corner of platform
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- cremated
- large
2. Shield shaped ornaments (2)
- mica (1 keyhole-shaped, 1 unknown) (figure 140)
- at south end of platform
3. Thin copper figures (4)
- tobacco-pipe shaped (figure 116)
- south end of platform
4. Elaborate curved copper head plate (1)
- decorated with cut-out designs (figure 105)
- bear claw design? ,four clawed animal paw
- south end of platform
5. Large earspools (2)
- on ocean shell container at platform edge
6. Ocean shell container (1)
- near southeast corner of platform
[Photo]
- Log molds on at least two sides (1 log high)
- No floor prep?
- No cover prep visible
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area is large
- Earspools of copper (8 – 9)
- May be from another burial nearby
- Copper geometrics (5)
- Four G-clefs and one unidentified mammal
- Mica geometric (keyhole type)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 5
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:63
Feature Description:
- Disturbed
Contents:
1. Partial human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
2. Stone celt (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 6
Burial
Burials 6 & 7
Shetrone 1929:63-65
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- massive
- member of double burial
- extended on back
- head to southwest
- separated from neighbor by 3ft
- lying on a heavy bed of bark on floor
2. Beads of pearl (approximately 5000)
- very small to large and fine
- at the head, neck, wrists, knees
3. Button shaped ornament copper coverings (50)
- made from stone, bone, or clay
- At head, neck, wrists, knees, with pearls
4. Ear ornaments (2)
- copper, may have been copper on one side, silver on the other, and meteoric iron in
the center
- at each ear
5. Bear canines (6)
- extremely large (almost 4 inches)
- cut in two or more sections and set with pearls
- at neck
6. Copper plates (3)
- over 1 foot long with preserved cloth and fabric
- beneath head, hips, and knees
7. Copper skewer shaped objects (2)
- 3/8 inch diameter
- 1 foot in length (cord-wrapped)
- probably hair braid supports
- from beneath both ears to lower sternum
8. Copper nostrils
- 2 ½ inches long
- in nose
[Photo]
- No floor prep
- No wall prep (in charnel house)
- No platform visible
- Grave area is large
- Beads around head
- Bear canines near neck
- Beads on chest
- Breatplate of medium size
- Another breastplate of medium size
- Third breastplate of medium size
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 7
Mound
Burials 6 & 7
Shetrone 1926:65-66
Figure 97
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended on back/head to southwest
- part of double burial
- separated from neighbor by 3 feet
- lay on heavy bed of bark on floor
2. Copper ear ornaments (60)
- on left side of skeleton in a line from head to foot
- many were one side copper, one side silver, meteoric iron spool
- [earspools]
3. Beads (approximately 5000)
- at head, neck, knees, hips
- also encircling entire skeleton
4. Copper plates (3)
- under head, knees, hips
5. Copper bracelets (4) (figure 97)
- unusual
- same as bracelets in Mound 17 offering
- two in each hand
6. Copper skewers
- probably hair braid supports
- from under ears down to lower sternum
7. Copper nostrils
- 2 ½ inches
- in nose
8. Buttons (60)
- encircling skeleton
[Photo]
- No floor prep
- No wall prep (in charnel house)
- No platform
- Water barrier (pearl beads and copper buttons)
- round
- Grave area is large
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 8
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:66
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 9
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:67
Feature Description:
- Platform present [per map]
- Next to Skeleton 276
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head is south
2. “Minor artifacts only”
- posterior scapula and MC4 (right) are copper stained. Probably indicates a copper
plate under shoulders and earspools or other copper object in hand(s)
3. Trophy mandible present [Seeman]
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 10
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:67-68
Feature Description:
- 7 ½ feet by 3 ½ feet dimensions
- Composed of exceptionally large timbers some of which are six inches in diameter
- A post had been set at each corner for structural support
- On slightly elevated platform
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
2. Pearl beads (“a few”, actually 6)
- at right wrist
3. Quartz pebbles (25)
- rounded
- near right hand
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 11
Burial
None
Shetrone1926:68-72
Figure 106
Feature Description:
- Raised Earthen Platform
- Enclosed by pretentious log structure
- two logs deep
- 10 feet by 8 feet
- held in place by posts at corners and by takes and large stones at ends and sides
exteriorly
- platform had a covering of fine gravel to a 1 inch depth
- near Skeleton 285
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- 5 feet, 8 inches
- head to southeast [per map]
2. Ocean shell container (1)
- left center of platform
3. Large bone awls (8)
- deer leg bones
- lower left of platform, sticking upright
4. Copper ear ornaments (2)
- in left hand
5. Bear incisors (6)
- perforated for beads
- in right hand
6. Copper earspools (2)
- one at each ear
7. Pearl beads (“numerous”, actually 50)
- at neck and wrists
8. Large copper breastplates (2)
- right center of platform
- near right elbow
9. Bear canines (4)
- at neck
- two cut with mitered joints and set with pearls
10. Copper elaborate headdress (figure 106)
- rectangular curved headplate with large oval copper wings on either side, bird-like
- assembled on saucer shaped wooden base
- small designs cut in mica along margins of wing
- fabric was attached on which had been sewn large pearl beads, bear claws, bird
feathers, and the head of a small raptorial hawk
- above head
[Photo]
- No associated provinces
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area large
- Bone awls are beside body
- Breastplates are beside body
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 12
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:72
Feature Description:
- Roof opening was arch-like and seven feet long by 4 ½ feet wide
- It extended six feet above the floor
- Enclosing timber structure originally present
- Next to Skeleton 285
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Seed pearl beads (“large number”)
- at neck
3. Copper plates (2)
- beneath right shoulder and knees
4. Copper tube enclosing slender reeds (1)
- in left hand
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 13
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:72-74
Feature Description:
- Body laid upon bed of charcoal
- Log enclosure seven feet long by four feet wide
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast [per map]
- on gravel and charcoal bed
- below average height
2. Copper helmet-like curved headplate (2)
- at each hand
3. Pearl beads (“a few”)
- at right wrist
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 14
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:77
Feature Description:
- On a slightly raised platform
- Small primary mound over burial
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell beads (a few)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 15
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:78
Feature Description:
- Slightly elevated platform with log enclosure
- Large logs
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast [per map]
2. Flint flake knife (1)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
[Photo]
- Log molds on 4 sides
- Extended inhumation
- No floor prep?
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- No platform visible (does not agree with description)
- Grave is normal size
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 16
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:78
Feature Description:
- Platform
- Log enclosure
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
2. Shell beads (a few)
- beside head
3. Flake knives (3)
- beside head
[Photo]
- Does not match burial description at all
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 17
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:78
Feature Description:
- Cremation inside log enclosure
- On platform
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Pierced mother of pearl beads (“a number of”, actually 6)
- button-shaped
- unknown position
3. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
[Photo]
- Logs on at least three sides
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area is small
- Earspools are on cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 18
Burial
None
Shetrone 1929:79
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
- Platform
- Log enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper axe (1)
- small
- unknown position
[Photo]
- Charcoal floor
- Logs on all four sides
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Copper axe is large
- Copper celt is on top of cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 19
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:79
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 20
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:79
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper pendants (2)
- teaspoon-bowl shaped
- unknown position
3. Notched flint spearpoint (1)
- [other translucent symmetrical biface]
- blue-gray translucent flint ridge material
- 6 ½ inches long
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 21
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:79
Figure 71
Feature Description:
- Typical enclosure except timbers were unusually large
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended on back
- head to the east
2. Bear canines (4)
- pearl set
- drilled for attachment
- 2 cut into 2 parts
- at chest
3. Platform pipe
- unusual (figure 71)
- small and delicate
- at right side of head
- square bowl
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 22
Burial
Burials 22A & 22B
Shetrone 1926:79-81
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- head to south [per map]
- red pigment at mouth
- shoulder to shoulder with other skeleton
- on a small earthen platform
- hardly wider than normal single burial platform
- log molds enclosing burials smaller than normal
- deposited on bed of bark
2. Beads (100’s)
- pearl and shell
- at neck and left wrist (Skeleton A)
- a few at neck and wrists of Skeleton B
3. Grizzly canines (4)
- set with pearls
- 2 repaired by bone dowels
- at neck
4. Split bear teeth (22)
- 3 perforations each
- at left wrist
5. Spear point (1)
- 9 inches
- very thin and symmetrical
- translucent amber chalcedony
- at left hand
6. Rectangular copper plates (2)
- at pelvis and right side of chest
7. Ear spools copper (2)
- at ears
8. Beaver incisors (2)
- at right hand
9. Wolf jaws (2)
- cut
- at right hand
10. Helmet-shaped curved headplate
- between skulls of male and female
11. Celt
- highly polished
- cannel coal
- 6 inches in length
- between knees
12. Mica strip
- elongated and rectangular
- cut
- across left humerus of female and right humerus of male
[Photo]
- No floor preparation?
- 100’s of beads (on head, at neck)
- copper, pearl, or shell beads
- Points in hands
- Wolf jaws
- beside body
- Bear teeth
- beside body
- Beaver teeth
- beside body
- Copper plates (2)
- left side of the head
- Headplate
- Mica geometrics
- Earspools
- Celts
- between knees
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 23
Burial
Burials 23A and 23B
Shetrone 1926:81-82
Figure 3
Feature Description:
- Lays outside primary mound occupying a small, separate post-enclosed
compartment to itself
- Skeleton in rectangular basin rather than raised platform (eight inches deep)
- Timber enclosure was lacking
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- North (A) skeleton had only flake knife
- South (B) skeleton had several artifacts
2. Flake knife (1)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- north (A) skeleton
- flint
3. Black bear canines (4)
- pearl set
- at neck of south skeleton (B)
4. Copper earspools (2)
- south skeleton (B)
- near neck [per figure 3] or shoulders
5. Pearl beads (a few)
- at neck of south skeleton (B)
6. Crescent shaped ornament (1)
- on chest of south skeleton (B)
- 12 inches long
- conventional “new moon” shape
- south skeleton
[Photo]
- No floor prep?
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- Body wrap not visible (northwest)
- No platform visible
- Grave area is small
- Earspools near head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 24
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:82-83
Feature Description:
- Log structure surrounding walls of grave (typical example)
- Platform present
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south [per map]
2. Copper plates (2)
- [breastplates]
- large pearl beads at perforations
- one “at top of head”
- one under dorsal vertebrae just above pelvis
- this one had an imprint on the upper face of an elaborate garment or robe
- lower portion of fabric, upper of fur.
3. Copper earspools (2)
- at each ear
4. Pearl beads (100)
- neck and wrists
5. Mountain lion jaws (2)
- cut
- at right hand
6. Grizzly canines (4)
- 1 set with large pearl
- 1 had tip sawed off and was mended with dowels
- at neck
- 4th was in 5 pieces as a result of intentional splitting and repaired with bone dowel
pins
7. Shell container, fulgur (1)
- at feet
[Photo]
- No floor preparation
- Logs on 4 sides
- No body wrap visible
- Water barrier present
- round
- Grave area is large
- Pearl bead bracelets at wrists
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 25
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:83-84
Figure 90
Feature Description:
- Typical burial with strongly marked bark bed and bark covering, laid transversely
across body
- Log enclosure; platform present
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southwest
- 5 feet, 9 inches
2. Pearl beads (numerous)
- at neck and wrists
3. Copper earspools (2)
- large pearl beads attached
- at each ear
4. Tortoise shell tablet (1)
- rectangular
- at right side of head
5. Mica ornament (1)
- small
- at right side of head
6. Bone spatula (1)
- short
- at right side of head
7. Barracuda jaw (1) (figure 90)
- perforated for suspension
- on chest of skeleton
[Photo]
- Extended
- 55 pearl beads, left side of head
- 3rd earspool on right shoulder (part of other 2?)
- No floor prep visible
- Logs on at least 1 side
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- Grave area is normal
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 26
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- Rectangular basin-like grave 10” deep
- 4 ½ feet long by 4 feet wide
- 15 stones walled the grave
- mica schists with small iron garnets
- Timber enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 27
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- Little grave preparation
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 28
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- Typical cremation
- No log tomb
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 29
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- Typical cremation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Large mica sheet (1)
- about 9 inches in diameter
- edges ground, probably mirror
[Photo]
- No floor preparation visible
- Logs 1 high on at least 2 sides
- Cover preparation is “excavated cave”
- No body wrap is visible
- No platform
- Grave Area is normal
- Mica mirrors (3)
- not round
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 30
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
[Photo]
- No floor prep
- Cover prep is “excavated cave”
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 31
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
- Small log enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 32
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:84
Feature Description:
- No special preparation
- Small log enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 33
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:87
Feature Description:
- Upper half of body gone from previous excavation
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- lower half only
- upper half excavated previously
2. Bear claws (several, actually 5)
3. Univalve shell beads (“a number of”)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 34
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:87-89
Figures 145, 146
Feature Description:
- Very large structure, at least two logs, with large logs used in its construction
- The dome above the grave was “large and bold”
- Platform
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- extended; head to north
2. Trophy skull (1)
- badly crushed
- left of burial’s head
3. Wild cat lower jaw ornament (1)
- at skeleton’s right hand
4. Split bear canines “numerous”
- across the pelvis from wrist to wrist
5. Shell beads “numerous”
- as with bear canines across the pelvis from wrist to wrist
6. Beads (“several hundred”)
- shell and pearl
- at left humerus and neck
7. Copper plate (1)
- [cutout]
- shield shape
- on chest
8. Ornament of human jaw - maxilla
- suspended from neck
9. Bear canines (16)
- 4 cut and set with pearls
- 12 young bears
- probably strung and certainly ground, perhaps for use as rattles.
10. Copper ear ornaments (4)
- between skull of skeleton and trophy skull
11. Finely made spearpoint (1)
- mica
- ceremonial
- 8 ½ inches long
- at right side of head
12. Spearpoint (2)
- mica (figure 145)
- 8 inches in length (similar to Harness)
- at left side of head
13. Female human figure (2)
- Mica (figure 146)
- headless
- 13 inches long
- similar to Mound city figure, copper
- above skull
[Photo]
- Logs on four sides
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Body wrap not visible
- 26 bear teeth total (26)
- Six bear teeth at neck
- Trophy jaws are mandible with rami
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 35
Burial
Burials 35 & 37
Shetrone 1926:89-90
Figures 87, 150
Feature Description:
- Platform eight feet long by four feet wide
- Log enclosure
- Burial 37 on southeast corner of platform
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north [per map]
2. Trophy skull (1)
- 15 inches left of skeleton’s hand
- left side
3. Cut wild cat-jaw (1)
- at right wrist
4. Shell beads (“some”)
- at right wrist
5. Pearl beads (“several hundred”)
- every size and form
- about neck and chest
6. Copper earspools (2)
- at ears
7. Copper plate (1)
- 16 ½ inches by 7 inches
- largest from an Ohio mound
- under hips
8. Copper plate (1)
- finely preserved
- on chest
9. Bear canines (“several”, actually 6)
- 4 pearl set (at neck)
- 2 set in sockets of bone (figure 87)
- at neck
10. Elaborate copper headdress (1)
- atop skull (figure 150)
- part of copper plate of headdress looks like effigy of a human- faced insect
- reconstruction is mistaken, not really insect [per Amy Trevalyan, pers comm]
11. Mica geometrics
- shaped like pointed oval
[Photo]
- One (1) breast plate is large
- Floor preparation is charcoal
- Logs on at least three sides
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Grave area is large
- Six bear teeth at neck
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 36
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:87
Feature Description:
- On a platform adjoining Burial 35
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
[Photo]
- No visible floor preparation
- Logs on at least three sides
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area is small
- Earspools beside cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 37
Burial
Burials 35 & 37
Shetrone 1926:90
Feature Description:
- On southeast corner of Burial 35 platform
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
[Photo]
- Charcoal floor
- Logs on at least three sides
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Body wrap not visible
- Grave area is large
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 38
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:90
Feature Description:
- Small carefully prepared platform
- 3 feet long by 22 inches wide
- Log enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
[Photo]
- No floor preparation
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Platform absent
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 39
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:90-92
Feature Description:
- three foot four inch by two foot three inch platform for cremation remains
- Log enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica sheet (1)
- 7 inches by 8 inches, ground edges
- unknown position
3. Copper breast plate (1)
- unknown position
4. Drilled bear canines (4)
- small
- unknown position
5. Flake knives of flint (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
[Photo]
- No floor preparation
- Logs on at least one side
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area is normal
- Mica sheet is mirror, beside cremation
- Breastplate is over cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 40
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:92
Feature Description:
- Bark covering for body evident
- Platform present
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
- height is 5 feet, 7 inches
2. Large shell beads (“a few”)
- at “side” of skull
3. Cut lower jaw of mountain lion (1)
- at right hand
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 41
Burial
Burials 41A, 41B, 41C
Shetrone 1926:92-93
Feature Description:
- Triple burial on earth platform 6 ½ feet long by 7 ½ feet wide
- Very large grave with heavy timber enclosure
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (3)
- Skeleton A to south
- Skeleton B central
- Skeleton C north
2. Limestone cone (1)
- whitish
- between knees
- skeleton A grave goods
3. Copper plate with preserved fabric (1)
- under left side
- under lower back per photo
- skeleton A grave goods
4. Imitation bear canines (14)
- of bone
- at hips
- skeleton A grave goods
5. Bear Canines (4)
- two perforated
- two cut diagonally and set with pearls
- at neck
- skeleton A grave goods
6. Barracuda lower jaw pendant (1)
- at neck
7. Shell and pearl beads
- at neck
- skeleton A grave goods
8. Curved bone needle (1)
- [partial circle?]
- by left foot
- skeleton A grave goods
9. Perforated raccoon canines “a number” (30)
- at each wrist
- skeleton B grave goods
10. Bear claws (25+, actually 35)
- at left arm
- skeleton B grave goods
11. Pearl and shell beads
- at neck
- skeleton B grave goods
12. Flint-flake knives (4)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- near right shoulder
- skeleton B grave goods
13. Bone awls (3)
- circular in cross section
- one from deer leg bone
- near right shoulder
- Skeleton B grave goods
14. Human skull trophy (1)
- left above skeleton B’s head
- drilled perforation in occipital
- skeleton B grave goods
15. Hollowed antler tine
- large
- at right of skull
- skeleton C grave goods
16. Shell beads (numerous)
- at neck
- looks like necklace per photo [could be garment hem]
- skeleton C grave goods
17. Black steatite ring (1)
- pulley shaped
- eight perforations through circumference
- at left side of skull
- skeleton C grave goods
18. Human jaws trophy
- perforated
- between skeletons 1 and 2
- closest to right humerus of skeleton 1, but also near left humerus of skeleton 2
[Photo]
- No floor prep
- Wall prep is logs
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- No body wrap apparent
- Black steatite ring is actually stone pulley earspool
- Shell beads are necklace (26+)
- Trophy skull from 41c belongs with 41b
- Jaws trophy from 41b belongs with 41c
- Copper plate of 41a is under lower back
- One breastplate is medium
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 42
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:93-94
Figure 139
Feature Description:
- No information
- All goods on a one square foot platform of mixed clay and charcoal
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south [per map]
- height is 5 feet, 10 inches
2. Flakes and pieces of sheet mica (numerous)
- above the head elevated 10 inches above floor
3. Marine bivalves (several, actually 6)
- thin and elongated
- above the head elevated 10 inches above floor
4. Pearl beads (“a few”)
- beside neck
5. Copper covered buttons (“several”)
- above the head elevated 10 inches above floor
6. Tortoise shell ornament
- fragment
- above the head elevated 10 inches above floor
7. Mica imitation bear canines (8) (figure 139)
- above the head elevated 10 inches above floor
[Photo]
- Wall prep is logs
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Grave area is normal
- Bead number is 11 plus
- Effigy tooth of mica is above head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 43
Burial
Burials 43A & 43B
Shetrone 1926:94
Feature Description:
- Earthen platform enclosed with log structure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (2)
2. Ocean shell containers (2)
- one average, one small
- one at northwest corner of platform, one at southwest corner
3. Copper breastplates (2)
- one normal; one small
- with cremated remains
4. Flint arrow point (1)
- [other translucent biface]
- “among the bones”
5. Tortoise shell ornament (1)
- rectangular, one rounded end, 8 inches by 2 inches
- unknown position
[Photo]
- No floor prep visible
- Cover prep is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- Water barrier of light stone and shell at ends of grave
- Grave area is large
- One breastplate is small
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 44
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:94
Feature Description:
- Typical cremation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Bear canine (1) - unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 45
Burial
Burials 45A & 45B
Shetrone 1926:95
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- massive build
2. Shell beads (“a number of”)
- at neck
3. Bone needles (“several”, actually 6)
- above head
4. Tortoise shell ornament (1)
- scroll-like
- at top of skull
5. Barracuda jaw ornament (1)
- drilled for suspension
- on chest
6. Cremated remains
- extending from right elbow to knee of skeleton
[Photo]
- No floor preparation
- Wall preparation is logs
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Body wrap is not visible
- Platform absent
- Grave area is large
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 46
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:94
Feature Description:
- Typical cremated burial
- Platform
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
[Photo]
- No floor preparation visible
- Wall preparation is logs
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- Body wrap not visible
- No platform
- Grave area is large
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 47
Burial
Burials 47A & 47B
Shetrone 1926:95-96
Figure 141, 143-144
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- heads to west
- skeleton 1 to south
- skeleton 2 to north
2. Ocean shell container (1)
- above head
- skeleton 1 cache
3. Bone needles (“several”, actually 5)
- one with eye
- above head
- skeleton 1 cache [actually skeleton 2]
4. Pearl (10) and shell beads
- at neck
- skeleton 1 cache
5. Copper axe
- with preserved fabric and raptorial bird head attached
- on chest
- skeleton 1 cache
6. Mica eagle’s foot with claws (1)
- on chest with claws facing skeleton 2 (figure 143)
- 3 claws
- skeleton 1 cache
7. Copper axe (1)
- on abdomen
- skeleton 1 cache
8. Spearpoint “beautiful” (1)
- [gem ross barbed]
- amber chalcedony
- at right hand
- same material as Mound 25, Burial 22
- 7 inches long
- skeleton 1 cache
9. Mica human hand (1) (figure 144)
- between skulls of burials
- closer to skeleton 2
- skeleton 1 cache
10. Shield shaped mica objects (2) (figure 141)
- at abdomen between forearms of 2 skeletons
- skeleton 1 cache
11. Mica eagle’s foot (1)
- four toes rather than three
- on chest facing skeleton 1
- skeleton 2 cache
12. Mica circles (2)
- at hips
- skeleton 2 cache
13. Curved mica figure
- at hips
- skeleton 2 cache
14. Copper earspools (2)
- at ears
- skeleton 2 cache
15. Shell beads (“a number”, actually 50)
- at neck
- skeleton 2 cache
[Photo]
- No floor preparation visible
- Wall preparation is logs
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
- Grave area is normal
- One blade in hand
- Bone “needles” may be awls/skewers
- actually with two
- Mica hand with skeleton 2
- Four additional mica cutouts (no particular shape)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 242, Skeleton 243
Burial
Skeletons 242 & 243
Moorehead 1922:106
Feature Description:
- Two skeletons together on a raised platform
- Eight feet five inches long x five feet ten inches wide
- Platform surrounded by a gutter varying around one foot in width
- Gutter filled with brown clay and ashes
- Burial 244 laid on a bench (platform) connected to the one for skeletons 242 to 243
- The bench was constructed in the same way
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- Skeleton 242
- Skeleton 243
2. Pearl and bone beads (“large pile”)
- beside head
- Skeleton 242
3. Round copper ball (1)
- right hand
- Skeleton 242
4. Spoon shaped copper ornament (1)
- right hand
- Skeleton 242
5. Earspool (1)
- near left femur
- Skeleton 242
6. Copper plate (1)
- headdress with antler stubs
- badly broken
- left side of head
- Skeleton 243
7. Pearl beads (“large number”)
- right side of body
- Skeleton 243
8. Copper earspool (1)
- near left femur
- Skeleton 243
9. Copper ball (1)
- left hand
- Skeleton 243
10. Copper spoon shaped ornament (1)
- left hand
- Skeleton 243
11. Bone bead necklace
- Skeleton 243
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 244
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:106
Feature Description:
- On a platform connected to the platform for burials 242 and 243.
- Size of platform was eight feet, four inches by three feet, nine inches
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- Head to south
2. Bone beads (“a few”)
- on left side of skeleton
3. Pearl beads (“number unknown”)
- left side
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 245, Skeleton 246
Burial
Skeletons 245 & 246
Moorehead 1922:107
Feature Description:
- Skeletons laying in soft earth on the baseline
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- heads to west
- Skeleton 245
- Skeleton 246
2. Flint knife (1)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- under head
- Skeleton 245 cache
3. Beads “many”
- necklace of 700 bone beads
- around the neck
- Skeleton 245 cache
4. Bone awl (1)
- beneath head
- Skeleton 245 cache
5. Bone piercer (“some”)
- needles
- beneath head
- Skeleton 245 cache
6. Shark tooth (1)
- Skeleton 245 cache
7. Earspools (2)
- Skeleton 246 cache
8. Beads (“many”)
- Skeleton 246 cache
9. Pearl bracelet (1)
- Skeleton 245 on wrist
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 247
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:107
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Copper “spool” (1)
- [earspool]
- beside head
3. Bear’s teeth
- cut and polished
- unknown position
4. Large beads (“many”)
- bone and pearl
- unknown position
5. “Other object of interest”
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 248
Burial
Skeletons 248 & 249
Moorehead 1922:107
Moorehead 1897:261; Shetrone 1926:86-87; Dorsey 1898
Feature Description:
- Covered by small primary mound
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains
- height is 5 feet, 11 inches
- head to southeast
2. Platform pipe (1)
- large
- at right shoulder
3. Agate spearhead (1)
- [unknown gem biface]
- chalcedony
- at right shoulder
4. Copper plates (3)
- 1 on chest, 1 on abdomen, 1 under hips
- preserved cloth attached
5. Bear’s teeth (“many”)
- cut, sawed and split
- covering chest and abdomen
- 10 canines
6. Copper spool-shaped ornaments (“several”)
- among ribs
7. Copper buttons (“several”)
- among ribs
8. Beads (“several thousand”)
- pearl and shell
- probably sewn to a neck to knee garment
- also bear’s teeth and large pearl beads at skirt of garment
- on body
9. Headdress of wood and copper (1)
- copper mass originally forming semi – circle reaching from lower jaw to the crown
of the head
- possibly associated with a face mask
- antler shaped ornaments (wood encased in copper sheets) were originally 4 prongs
of equal length
10. Bear claws
- perforated
- between Skeleton 248 and 249
11. Canine jaws
- cut
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 249
Burial
Skeletons 248 & 249
Moorehead 1922:108
Moorehead 1897:261, Greber & Ruhl, 1989
Feature Description:
- Covered by small primary mound
- Just west of Skeleton 248
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper staining of vault and carpals of both hands suggest artifacts were present
3. Panpipe (1) [Greber & Ruhl 1989: 58]
- three 5 inch tubes
- unknown position
4. Copper buttons [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- accession record say Skeleton 248
5. Bear claws [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- accession record say Skeleton 248
6. Canine jaws [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- accession record say Skeleton 248
7. Human skeletal remains [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- cremated remains FMNH 56095
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 250
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 251
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 252
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 253
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 254
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 255
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 256
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 257
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 258
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 259
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:108
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 260, Skeleton 261
Burial
Skeletons 260 & 261
Greber & Ruhl 1989:90-100
Moorehead 1897:261; Shetrone 1926:75-76; Dorsey 1898
Shetrone 1926 Figures 47, 49; Greber & Ruhl 1989 Figure
4.4; Brose et al. 1985 Plate 37
Feature Description:
- Colored earth present
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- laying “together” with heads west, presumably side by side
- associated artifacts (mostly copper) laid out in a rectangle, over bodies, of 7 feet by
5 feet
- each object laid horizontally
- these objects were sandwiched between 2 layers of bark, garments of cloth and
tanned leather (some with hair) [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- may have been at the original center of the mound, and may have been first
interments [Dorsey]
- under small primary mound
2. Copper celts (axes/adzes)
- 66 [Shetrone and Greber]
- ranging from 1 ½ inches 22 ½ inches long (figure 47)
- over body
3. Celts axes or adzes (3)
- meteoric iron (figure 49)
- over body
4. Celt of stone (1)
- over body
- 11 inches in length
5. Copper plates (90)
- fragmentary [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- over body
6. Plates (2)
- [head plate]
- meteoric iron
- textile adheres, finely woven
- over body
7. Copper headdress (1)
- has two sprouting horns [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
8. Headplates (1)
- meteoric iron
- fragmentary with no horns
9. Breastplates (2 or 3)
- meteoric iron
- portions only
10. Copper effigies
- copper sheet cutout of raven-like or crow-like bird [Greber & Ruhl 1989:93, figure
4.4; see also Brose et al. 1985:50, plate 37; or 150, figure 25]
- raven-like or crow-like bird
- over body
11. Algodonite (copper arsenide) nuggets (21)
- partially hammered
- displays a bronze streak
- over body
12. Native silver masses (3 plus)
- partially hammered
- one is perforated for suspension [Greber & Ruhl 1989]
- over body
13. Meteoric iron nuggets (2)
- unworked
- over body
14. Meteoric iron nuggets (unknown number)
- partially hammered
15. Jaws (1)
- type not given
- very large
- over body
16. Shell (1)
- broken
- ocean shell
- over body
17. Pearls (“some”)
- very fine
- over body
18. Beads (16,000)
- pearl and shell
- over body
19. Teeth
- a few bear
- type not given
- over body
20. Bone
- [wand/baton]
- carved
- human femur and eagle?
- over body
22. Shell containers
- over body
23. Copper anklets (“several”)
- over body
24. Copper bracelets (“several”)
- over body
25. Copper disks/rings (“several”)
- over body
26. Beads
- meteoric iron
- over body
27. Bear head form copper piece
- over body
28. Round bone beads (?)
- over body
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 264
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:110
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
2. Copper celts (2)
- 1 under the head
- 1 under the right hand
3. Flint drill (1)
- beside head
4. Beads (a number of)
- pearl/bone
- near neck
5. Copper mass
- by left side
6. Point (1)
- [other flint biface point]
- 3 and 7/8 inches
7. Animal teeth
- some cut
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources
Relevant Figures & Plates
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 265, Skeleton 266
Burial
Skeleton 265 & 266
Moorehead 1922:110
Greber & Ruhl 1989:31, 93
Greber & Ruhl 1989 Figure 4.4
Feature Description:
- Two skeletons side by side on a platform surrounded by trenches
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- heads to west
- Skeleton 266 is missing cranium
2. Bird-like copper effigy
- head only
- raven-like or crow-like copper sheet cutout [Greber & Ruhl 1989:31, 93, figure 4.4]
- under head, where head would be
- fine fur adhered to surface
- with Skeleton 266
3. Mica piece (1)
- with Skeleton 266
No Artifacts (Skeleton 265)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 267
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:110
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Copper “ear-bob” (2)
- [earspool]
- unknown position
3. Beads (“a few”, actually 3-4)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 268
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:110-111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Beads (“a few”)
- some shell
- one string bone beads
3. Copper plate (1)
- mica cutout fragments attached
- probably fastened to plate
- “leather” adheres to the reverse side
- under hips
4. Pearl beads
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 269
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Shell
- [ocean shell container]
- “near head”
3. Copper plate (1)
- “near head”
4. Beads
- “near head”
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 270
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Copper axe (1)
- around head
3. Cut mica ornaments
- around head
4. Bear’s teeth
- inset with pearls
- around head
5. Copper plate (1)
- around skull
6. Beads (200)
- around head; string of bone beads [accession]
7. Bear maxilla (1)
- cut
- beside head
8. Bear claws
- beside head
9. Bear teeth
- cut
- eleven canines
- beside head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 271
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Piece of mica (1)
- circular
- possible mirror
- unknown position
3. Few beads
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 272
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- partially cremated
- head to north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 273
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 274
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Copper “ear-bobs”, earspools (2)
- unknown position
3. Stone celt (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 275
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to the north
2. Mica sheets
- in pit near head
3. Small pipe (1)
- in pit near head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 276
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:113
Feature Description:
- No logs
- No platform
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to the north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 277
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
2. Copper plate (1)
- under head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Burial 278
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:77
Moorehead 1926:111
Figure 38
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
2. Incised human femur (1)
- beside the skeleton’s head (Plate 82)
3. Shell ear pendants (2)
- found near the neck
4. Small pearl beads (“a number of”)
- beside head
5. Copper earspools (2)
- unknown position
6. Perforated bear’s teeth (“several”, actually 6)
- 2 inlaid with pearls
- unknown position
7. Imitation bear’s tooth (1)
- antler
- large
- unknown position
8. Human effigy
- cannel coal
- effigy of a human thumb (figure 38)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 279
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
2. Mica sheets (3)
- under skull
3. Galena lumps (3)
- on shoulders
4. Small pyrula shell (1)
- near hips
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 280
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to south
2. Beads (a number of)
- around neck
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 281
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:111-112
Shetrone 1926:77
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
2. Copper plates (3)
- one beneath hips, one beneath shoulders, one under head
- two were largest found by Moorehead
3. Copper helmet shaped headdress (1)
- on head
4. Copper ear ornaments (“several”)
- on body
5. Clay hemisphere
- metal covered copper
- on body
6. Copper beads (25 plus)
- on body
7. Finely carved human femur (1)
8. Tortoise shell ornament
- [weapon]
- stylized fish
9. Bird effigy of bone (1)
- by side of head
10. Otter or beaver effigy (1)
- boatstone with 2 holes
- otter with a captured shoveller duck
- outline of bird indicated by incised lines
- by side of head
11. Cut animal maxilla
- unknown position
12. String of bone beads (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 282
Burial
None
Moorehead 1892: January 1
Moorehead 1922: Mound 25 Map
Feature Description:
- Unknown
- [May be somewhat elaborate because Moorehead delayed describing it while
finishing up some minor notes then apparently forgot to describe it]
- called Altar 282 [field notes:38]
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head west
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 283
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:113
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 284
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:113
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 285
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:114
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 286
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:114
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Beads (200-300)
- bone and pearl
- around neck
3. Ocean shells
- at head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 287
Burial
None
Moorehead 1892:1-1-92
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 288
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:114
Feature Description:
- Arch of stones overhead
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 25, Skeleton 289, Skeleton 290
Burial
Skeletons 289 & 290
Moorehead 1922:114
Feature Description:
- Earth below skeletons burned hard and covered with a thin layer of charcoal
- Arch of stones over heads
- Many boulders
- laid over bodies to between 14 and 15 inches thickness
- arranged in an arch to shelter the skulls of both skeletons
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (2)
- heads toward east
- side by side
2. Resin pendant (1)
- perforated for suspension
- on the shoulder blades of Skeleton 289
3. Beads (several hundred)
- around the neck of Skeleton 289
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Crematory Basin
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:106-107
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin
- Small and finely made measuring 20 by 26 inches at rim, five inches deep
- Floor around basin burned a deep red and carbonaceous matter was strewn around
- Basin filled with loose charred matter to top, within which were some artifacts
- charred mass was of grass, twigs, fabric, and leaves mostly.
Contents:
1. Copper axe or adze blades (4)
- 3 were intentionally broken
2. Peculiar shell objects (6)
- thread spool shaped and sized
3. Oval shell bead (1)
4. Large shell beads (“a number”, actually 7)
- pointed at ends
5. Thin marine shell fragments
6. Tubular bone beads (“several thousand”)
7. Small shell beads (“several thousand”, actually 3500)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Deposit
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:105-106
Figure 112
Feature Description:
- Basin like depression in the body of the mound
- One foot above floor
- Dug into mound after had reached its height when found by survey, but its final
height is unknown
- Basin measured four feet across top
- A few feet west of Burial 6
Contents:
1. Shell beads (1000)
- in basin
2. Red flint flake knives (5)
- long
- in basin
3. Copper earspools (2)
- in basin
4. Woven fabric fragments
- in basin
5. Scrolled copper plate (1) (figure 112)
- large and fine
- talon design at four corners
- two large oblong beads, one of pearl, one of shell at perforation
- in basin
- secured to base to wood 5/8” thick
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:103
Feature Description:
- Enclosed by a structure of small timbers
- No platform
- Placed directly on the clean, burned floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Small rectangular breastplate (1)
- 5 ½ inches long
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 2
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:103
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to the southeast
2. Pearl beads (100)
- at neck
- necklace
3. Small pearls (“a few”)
- at right wrist
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 3
Burial
None
Shetrone:1926:103
Feature Description:
- Small timber enclosure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper earspool (1)
- unknown position
3. Shell beads (200)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 4
Burial
None
Shetrone 1929:103
Feature Description:
- Timber enclosure
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- at head
3. Shell beads (200)
- at head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 5
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:103
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
- medium size
2. Copper earspools (2)
- in each hand
3. Pearls (“a few”)
- at neck
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 6
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:103-105
Feature Description:
- Pretentious rectangular enclosure of logs
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- 6 feet tall
- massive
- legs and arms flexed
- body extended
2. Copper helmet like headdress (1)
- curved to conform to crown of head
- woven fabric and many pearls in association
- large spherical shell beads in association
- small marginella shell beads in association
3. Grizzly canines (2 sets)
- cut and drilled
- set with large pearls , four total
- at neck
4. Bear canines, not grizzly (6)
- drilled for attachment
- at neck
5. Pearl beads (1050)
- at neck
- around head
6. Rectangular plate (1)
- beneath hips
- 2 large oblong pearls attached
- fastened to woven fabric also decorated with pearls
7. Split bear canines (8)
- at hips
8. Ocean shell container (1)
- near right foot
- to west of body
9. Trophy skull
- 15 inches away
- to left of head
- platform pipe, one gray plain pipestone, with skull
- four perforated circular shell disks, with skull
- shell beads “a number of” upwards of 1000 some large spherical specimens
10. Large round shell beads (150)
- at head and neck
11. Small shell beads (300)
- sewed to headdress
[Photo]
- No floor preparation visible
- No platform
- Photo says beads on chest
- Bear canines on chest, in hands, and at neck
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 26, Burial 7
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:105
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northeast
- height is 5 feet, 11 inches
2. Copper earspools (2)
- at each ear
3. Shell and pearl beads (“a number”, actually 100 pearl, 300 shell)
- at neck
- above head
4. Copper axes (2)
- in each hand
[Photo]
- No logs
- Excavated cave
- Cover preparation is excavated cave
- No body wrap visible
- No platform
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Burial 1
Burial
None
Shetrone 1926:107
Feature Description:
- Several flat stones set on edge at feet
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- badly decayed
- head to north
2. Bone awl (1)
- deer leg bone
- at head
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 172
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Feature Description:
- Northwest corner of central crematory basin
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to northwest
- badly burned
2. Ocean shell container (1)
- near head on left side
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 173
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Dorsey 1891a
Plate 41 A
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to west (Plate 41A)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- 1 in each hand
3. Flake knife (1)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- beside right wrist
4. Mussel shells (beads?)
- near right wrist
- near left side of head
5. Platform pipe (1)
- red porphyry
- plain
- near left side of head [Dorsey]
6. Bone beads
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 174
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Plate 41 Map
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
- foot bones absent
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 175
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Plate 41
Feature Description:
- Six feet southeast of center very near surface
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to southeast
- one arm missing
2. Copper ear ornaments (2)
- left hand
- probably because right was missing
3. Bone awls
- beneath skeleton
4. Copper cones
- ½” high; ¾” wide
- beneath skeleton
5. Large cut mica sheet (1)
- mirror?
- to right of skeleton
6. Circular mica ornaments
- to right of skeleton
7. Shell items
- badly decayed
- beneath skeleton
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 176
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:94-95
Moorhead 1897: Figures 12 & 14
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
2. Shell cups (2)
- One on left side of head
- One beside left arm
- Adjacent to each other
3. Copper celts (3)
- one under skull
- outside left wrist and halfway up left ulna
4. Crescent shaped copper implement (1)
- under skull
5. Copper earspools [10 per drawing]
- 1 by left patella (outer side)
- 1 in each hand
- 1 by left hip
- 1 by upper left leg
- 1 by wrist
- 1 by elbow
- 1 between knees
6. Copper bracelet (1)
- around right wrist
7. Beads (250)
- around neck and at base of right humerus
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 177
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:95
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- height is 5 feet, 6 inches
2. Wooden bear’s teeth
- copper plated
- either side of lower jaw
3. Platform pipe (1)
- by left arm (near wrist)
- reddish stone
4. Stone earspools
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 178
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Plate 41(Map)
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to north
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 179
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922: Plate 41
Plate 41(Map)
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head to east
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 27, Skeleton 180
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:98
Feature Description:
- Disturbed by plow
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- bones splintered and scattered
- head to northeast [per map]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 28, Crematory Basin
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Shetrone 1926:108-109
Feature Description:
- Basin measuring 27 by 23 inches
Contents:
1. Pottery vessel fragments
- in basin
2. Mica design fragments
- in basin
3. Flint flake knives (2 or 3)
- in basin
4. Tubular shell beads (“several hundred”, actually 1800)
[Photo]
- Tubular beads are of bird bone
- Pottery is McGraw cord-marked
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Moorehead 1922:91a
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:90-92
Feature Description:
- East end of mound
- Charred oak log
- Covered on south end by mica plates (Plate 40)
Contents:
1. Mica sheets (3000 for whole mound)
- Placed on edge over north and south end of a charred oak log
- Also laid out in a layer covering perhaps half of southeast quadrant of mound
- the mica sheets which were laid flat here were laid down carefully in layers [field
notes]
- fragments of deer bone were picked up near the edge of the mica layers [field notes]
2. Galena lumps (12)
- 12-15 pounds each
- some covered by mica
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Moorehead 1922:91b
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Moorehead 1922:91
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Copper awls (about 10)
- laid out in three rows facing southeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Moorehead 1922:91c
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:91
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- nearby
3. Copper celt (1)
- nearby
4. Large copper breastplate (1)
- nearby
5. Circular mica ornaments
- nearby
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Moorehead 1922:92
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:92-94
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Skeleton 167
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:91
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head northwest [per map]
2. Copper plate (1)
- on legs and hips
3. Copper earspools (2)
- on hips
4. Copper celt (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Skeleton 168
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:91
Feature Description:
- Near center of mound
- Near cache of copper awls (about 10)
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- head east [per map]
2. Earthen vessel
- a few feet to southeast
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 29, Skeleton 169
Burial
None
Moorehead 1922:91
Feature Description:
- Western 1/3 of mound near center
- Just east of crematory basin
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- heat to east [per map]
Note: The following objects are listed in the accession records or elsewhere but are
probably not associated with Skeleton 169. More likely they represent additional items
removed from the mound but not associated with a particular individual:
2. Circular mica cutouts (“several”)
3. Mica plates
4. Copper implements
5. Bone awls
6. Copper celts (2)
7. Shark teeth
8. Copper plate
9. Flaked knives
- obsidian
10. Galena (4 lumps)
11. Copper lump (1)
12. Copper earspools
13. Bear teeth (“fragments”)
14. Antler fragments
15. Silver object fragments
16. Jar of calcite pebbles
17. Shell spoon (1)
- mussel
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Hopewell Earthwork
Mound 30, Cremation
Burial
None
Shetrone 1924: April 14
Feature Description:
- Cremation scattered in oval shape six feet in diameter on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica geometrics (“several”)
- unknown position
3. Flint arrow and spear points (“several”)
- broken
- unknown position
4. Pottery (“several types”)
- both plain and decorated
- unknown position
5. Sandstone tablet (1)
- unknown position