Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: G1174/Tourism Management and Planning
: 2005
: 1/R0
Pertemuan 17
Pengaruh perkembangan teknologi
dalam usaha perjalanan wisata
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa dapat menerangkan peran
teknologi dalam pengambangan usaha
perjalanan wisata dan pengaruh yang
diakibatkan dalam pengoperasian
perjalanan wisata.
2
Outline Materi
• Pemanfaatan komputer sebelum adanya
internet
• Peran Teknologi Informasi dalam
manajemen pariwisata
3
• Pemanfaatan komputer sebelum adanya
internet
– Sejarah penggunaan teknologi informasi
• Sistem reservasi pertama pada pertengahan tahun
1960-an hanya untuk 1 maskapai penerbangan
• Pada tahun 1976 United Airlines mengembangkan
sistem reservasi komputer (CRS) untuk beberapa
maskapai penerbangan
• Pada tahun 1982, Eastern airlines menciptakan
sistem reservasi System One yang bisa
berhubungan dengan sistem reservasi komputer
lainnya
4
• Pada tahun 1984, Delta airlines mengembangkan
sistem DATAS yang mempunyai kemampuan
sama dengan System One
• Pada tahun 1988, PARS dan DATAS bergabung
dan membentuk sistem World Span
– Otomatisasi biro perjalanan
• Otomatisasi penjualan
– Untuk penanganan penjualan tiket
– Untuk memperoleh informasi perjalanan dan biaya
• Otomatisasi bisnis
– Untuk menangani
5
• Peran Teknologi Informasi dalam manajemen
pariwisata
– The diversity of tourism sector places high demands
on IS (information system) support and the
performance of IS systems. These demands reflect:
• Global markets and the salience of destinations
• High volume of transactions and customized products
• Structured, standardized data as well as multimedia
representations
• Importance of intra and inter-organizational systems
• All different types of customers (consumers, Small medium
enterprises, large companies
• Fragmented and concentrated markets
6
– Today, tourism is among the most important
application domains in the World Wide Web :
• Estimates state that approx 33% of internet
transactions are tourism-based (Strassel 1997)
• Schuster (1998), based on a Delphi study with 40
participants from the German speaking countries,
estimates that within the next 10 years 30% of the
tourism business will be internet based
• Based on online travel revenue growth estimates
(TIA 1998) shows a steady growth over the next
years. It shows that at 1996 the revenue is only
276 and at 2002 it will be 8900
7
• Reasons for the prominent posistion of travel
revenues on the internet are :
– The sheer volume of overall revenues
– The salience of rich and topical information for customers
– Tourism suppliers address a global audience and almost
every Internet user is a potential customer
– Intense competition on the Web among uncumbents and
the new players has led to the emergence of numerous
leading Web sites, which offer a wealth of multimedia
information and efficient transaction support
8
• Specific services and applications will cover a wide
range of suport functions for customers:
– Generic e-commerce procedures like electronic payment
and clearing
– Specific procedures like product search and negotiation
– Mediation and facilitation services, providing transparent
access to information sources and applications like
reservation or aggregation servers, and to personalized
tools for planning means
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