Matakuliah
Tahun
: J0562 / Management
: 2010
Managing Change
and Innovation
Pertemuan 09 (Nineth Meeting)
Learning Outcome
Student should be able to consider
environmental changes in order
to eliminate the impact
of change, and how to stimulate
innovation -> C3
Learning Outline
• Forces for Change
• Two Views of the Change Process
• Managing Organizational Change
• Contemporary Issues in Managing Change
• Stimulating Innovation
1. Forces For Change
a. External Forces
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Marketplace
Governmental laws and regulations
Technology
Labor markets
Economic changes
a. Internal Forces:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Organization’s strategy
Workforce
Equipment
Employee attitudes
2. Two Views of the
Change Process
a. The Calm Waters Metaphor
b. White-Water Rapids
Metaphor
3. Managing Organizational Change
a. What Is Organizational Change
b. Types of Change
1) Changing Structure
2) Changing Technology
3) Changing People
Organizational Development Techniques
Sensitivity
Training
Feedback
Survey
Team
Building
More
Effective
Interpersonal
Work
Consultation Relationship Intergroup
Process
Development
c. Managing Resistance to Change
1) Why People Resist Change
a) Uncertainty
b) Habit
c) Concern over personal loss
d) Belief that the change is not in
the best organization’s interest
2) Techniques for Reducing
Resistance:
a) Education and Communication
b) Participation
c) Facilitation and Support
d) Negotiation
e) Manipulation and Co-optation
f) Selecting People Who Accept
Change
g) Coercion
4. Contemporary Issues in Managing Change
a. Changing Organizational Culture
1) Understanding the Situational Factors
a) A dramatic crisis occurs
b) Leadership changes hands
c) The organization is young and
small
d) The culture is weak
2) How Can Cultural Change Be Accomplished
b. Handling Employee Stress
1) What Is Stress
2) Causes of Stress
3) Symptoms of Stress
Causes of
Stress
Personal
Factors
STRESS
4) Reducing Stress
Job-Related
Factors
c. Making Change Happen Successfully
1) Focusing on making the organization
ready for change
2) Understanding their own role in the
process
3) Increasing the role of individual
employees
5. Stimulating Innovation
a. Creativity Versus Innovation
b. Stimulating and Nurturing Innovation
Structure Variables
Organic Structure
Abundant Resources
High Inter Unit Communication
Minimal Time Pressure
Work and Non work Support
Innovation
Variables
STIMULATE
INNOVATION
Cultural Variables
Acceptance of Ambiguity
Tolerance of the Impractical
Low External Controls
Tolerance of Risks
Focus on Ends
Open System Focus
Positive Feedback
Human Resources
Variables
High Commitment to
Training and Development
High Job Security
Creative People