Matakuliah
Tahun
: S0902 – Manajemen Infrastruktur
: 2010
Topic 2
Infrastructure Planning
Session 02-04
Learning outcomes
Mahasiswa dapat memperhitungkan
aspek-aspek yang
mempengaruhi perencanaan
infrastruktur
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Mind Map ( Topic 2 )
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Contents
• Feasibility Study
• Project and Master Planning
• Planning for uncertainty and
Risk
• Economic Analysis
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Feasibility Study
What is Feasibility study ?
an evaluation
A feasibility study is
of a
proposal designed to determine the difficulty in carrying
out a designated task.
Generally, a feasibility study precedes
technical
development and project implementation.
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Feasibility Study
What is Feasibility study ?
A feasibility study is the first step
in design and Evaluation which to be
an important matter for integrated
infrastructure development
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Feasibility Study
What for…..?
1. Evaluation Project
2. Planning
3. Strategic
4. Infrastructure Development
5. Sustainability Infrastructure
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Feasibility Study
How ??
1. Collecting recent Internal Data
2. Collecting recent and future external data
3. Field Study
4. Interviews
5. Evaluation previous data / report
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Project and Master Planning
Project ::
A project is a temporary endeavor,
having a defined beginning and end ,
undertaken to meet particular goals
and objectives, usually to bring
about beneficial change or added
value. [ Wikipedia ]
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Planning is a process
for accomplishing purpose.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Planning is a blue print of
business growth and a road map of
development. It helps in deciding
objectives both in quantitative and
qualitative terms.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Planning is setting of goals on
the basis of objectives and
keeping in view the resources.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
What should a plan be?
A plan should be a realistic view of the expectations,
It is the framework within which it must operate. ; the
plan is the most important document and key to
growth. Preparation of a comprehensive plan will not
guarantee success, but lack of a sound plan will
almost certainly ensure failure. [ wikipedia]
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Importance of the planning Process
•A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid
mistakes or recognize hidden
opportunities. Preparing a satisfactory plan of the
organization is essential. The planning process enables
management to understand more clearly what
they want to achieve, and how and when they can do it.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Importance of the planning Process
•A well-prepared business plan demonstrates that the
managers know the business and that they have
thought through its development in terms of products,
management, finances, and most importantly, markets
and competition.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
Importance of the planning Process
•Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes
the future visible to some extent. It bridges between
where we are and where we want to go. Planning is
looking ahead.
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Project and Master Planning
Planning ::
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Project and Master Planning
Master Planning ::
A plan giving comprehensive
guidance or instruction.
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Project and Master Planning
Master Planning ::
The Master Plan process provides a
blueprint for the future. The
future plan is just that, a plan, and will
only be implemented as warranted by
actual activity.
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Project and Master Planning
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
1.Establishment of goals and objectives

– Broad Policies
– Long term plan
– Integration of infrastructure goals with broader policy
objectives
Establish clear and measurable statements of what the
project want to accomplish to meet its policy goals
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
2. Problem Identification & Analysis

–
–
–
–
Collecting Data
Projecting demand and supply
Uses of resources ( land, water, air etc )
Identification opportunities for development and
management
– SWOT Analysis
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SWOT Analysis
is a strategic planning
method used to evaluate the
Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats
involved in a project
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SWOT Analysis
It involves specifying the objective
of the project and identifying the
internal and external factors that
are favorable and unfavorable to
achieving that objective.
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SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis’ technique is
credited to Albert Humphrey,
who led a convention at Stanford
University in the 1960s and 1970s
using data from Fortune 500
companies [ Wikipedia ]
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SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis must first start
with defining a desired end
state or objective.
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SWOT Analysis
Identification of SWOTs is essential
because subsequent steps in the
process of planning for achievement of
the selected objective may be derived
from the SWOTs.
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SWOT Analysis
SWOT Elements 
1. Internal
Factor:
• Strengths: attributes of the project that are
helpful to achieving the objective.
• Weaknesses: attributes of the project that
are harmful to achieving the objective.
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SWOT Analysis
SWOT Elements 
2. External
Factor :
• Opportunities: external conditions that are
helpful to achieving the objective.
• Threats: external conditions which could do
damage to the objective.
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SWOT Analysis
Internal Analysis
External Analysis
Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Threat
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
3. Solution identification and impact
assessment

– Structural Solution
– Non Structural Solution
– Preliminary assessment of impact
Identify and measure deficiencies, problems and needs
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]4.
4. Formulation of alternatives and analysis

– Criteria and procedure for comparison of measure
– Detailed assessment of impact
Identify alternative solutions to address these needs
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
5. Recommendations

– Priorities
– Schedules for implementation
Identify priorities for each program area consistent
with the project’s goals and objectives
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
6. Decision

– Base on recommendation and analysis
– Financing for Project
Develop an expenditure plan based on available
resources and cost
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
7. Implementation

– Final design
– Construction Planning
– Construction process
Implement Program
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Project and Master Planning
STEPS :: [ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]
8. Operation and Maintenance

– Maintenance
– Including appropriate organizations to carry out these
function
Monitoring for operation and maintenance
program
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Planning for uncertainty and Risk
Uncertainty ::
The lack of certainty, A state of
having limited knowledge where
it is impossible to exactly describe
existing state or future outcome,
more than one possible outcome.
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Planning for uncertainty and Risk
Measurement of Uncertainty ::
A set of possible states or outcomes
where probabilities are
assigned to each possible state or
outcome - this also includes the
application of a probability density
function to continuous variable
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Planning for uncertainty and Risk
Risk ::
A state of uncertainty where
some possible outcomes have
an undesired effect or
significant loss.
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Planning for uncertainty and Risk
Measurement of Risk ::
A set of measured uncertainties
where some possible outcomes are
losses, and the magnitudes of those
losses - this also includes loss
functions over continuous variables.
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Economic Analysis
:: Economics 
is the social science that studies the
production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and
services. [ wikipedia ]
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Economic Analysis
:: Economics 
The term economics comes from the Ancient
Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia,
"management of a household,
administration") from οἶκος (oikos,
"house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or
"law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)
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Economic Analysis
Financial Analysis are
needed for most public and
private projects that involve
capital investments
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Economic Analysis
Types of Documentation that must be prepared :
1. Estimates of Investment
2. Detailed Schedule ( e.g for investment cost
by year )
3. Estimates of portions of investment cost
in domestic n foreign fund ( in case for
developing country )
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Economic Analysis
Types of Documentation that must be prepared :
4. Plan for Financing the cost of project
investment ( sources of fund, term for
repayment )
5. Plan for the required annual
subsidies
6. Additional statements of a financial nature
depending of regulatory agencies and
financial institution involved the projec
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
1. Preliminary 
– Is a feasible project likely?
– What are approximate of capacity and
cost?
– What additional studies are needed to
confirm feasibility?
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
2. Feasibility Report 
A comprehensive feasibility report should include:
– Description and analysis data
– Confirmation of construction feasibility and
laboratory investigation, studies of project
arrangements, individual project features,
analysis of construction method ( sources of
materials, accessibility to site management
traffic pattern, dversion of water during
construction )
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
2. Feasibility Report 
A comprehensive feasibility report should
include:
– Recommendation for arrangement of
project works, preliminary plan and other
analysis to determine the principal
quantities of construction, a reliable cost
estimate and the discussion of the
design criteria
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
2. Feasibility Report 
A comprehensive feasibility report should include:
– Construction scheduling showing the timing
and costs of project features
– Financial analysis projecting year-by-year
cost , revenue, and subsidies
– Economic Analysis ( if appropriate ) e.g if the
sponsor is regional authority
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
2. Feasibility Report 
A comprehensive feasibility report should include:
– Plan for financing construction and for
managing the construction and operation
– Institutional and legal requirement
– Assessment of the environmental and social
impacts of construction and operation and
other impact studies if required
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
3. Final Design and Preparation of
Contract documents
Contract documents include plan and
specification that are sufficiently
detailed to obtained tender for qualified
construction and equipment contractor
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
4. Construction
– Payment to the contractor are usually
made based on measurement of work
in progress or completed, in accordance
with the term of the contract documents
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Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project
[ Goodman , Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2]
5. Operation 
– The operating rules may be changed on
the basis of experience during the
operation of the project
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