Mata Kuliah
Tahun
: O0354 - Public Relations Writing
: 2010
SPEECHES & PRESENTATIONS
Pertemuan 21 & 22
Speech Writing
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What is speech writing?
Considerations before writing a speech
Considerations when writing a speech
Types of Speeches
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What is speech writing?
Most people thinks Speech Writing is a hazardous
undertaking. Why?
thoughts
Speech
script
speaker
•Ideas can never be conveyed intact
•A speaker can only send message
verbally or non-verbally
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Audience
Audience gives
the messages
meaning
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Criteria For Writing An Effective
Speech
Before you start to write a speech, consider……
Audience
Environment
Speaker
Event style
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Criteria For Writing An Effective
Speech
Before you start to write a speech, consider……
Speaker
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•authority
•trustworthiness
•tolerance
•friendliness
•personality & style
Audience react emotionally to these
elements of the speaker
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Criteria For Writing An Effective
Speech
Before you start to write a speech, consider……
Audience
these affect audience’s
interpretation
•who are the audience?
•what experience do audience have?
•what do they like to listen?
•what do they expect from the speaker?
•what stereotypes do they hold?
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Criteria For Writing An Effective
Speech
Before you start to write a speech, consider……
these determine the length & style of
the speech and choice of words
•casual?
•formal?
•panel discussion?
•lunch or dinner?
•presentation?
•forum
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Event style
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Criteria For Writing An Effective
Speech
Before you start to write a speech, consider……
•large or small venue?
•on-stage or close to audience?
•equipment for visuals?
•any PA system?
•any other speakers?
Environment
These may affect the speaker’s performance
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Speech Writing - considerations
Before you start to write a speech, remember…..
1. It demands more attention & care from the public
relations writer than almost any other writing task
2. The speech must be personalized. The words must go
with the person; the speaker must sound natural and
not as though he or she were reading the cue cards. A
person who feels comfortable with the word being
spoken will be a more credible speaker
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Speech Writing - considerations
Before you start to write a speech, remember…..
3. The language pattern of the audience as well as of
the speaker. When you write, you can write like
you talk (or like the speaker talks) without
considering how the audience talks
4. Choice of words is important because certain
words used in particular way can send thoughts
down familiar paths
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Speech Writing - considerations
When you write a speech, consider……
Why was the speaker invited?
experience
Audience interest
What do the audience expect to hear?
What does the speaker want to
accomplish?
How long should the speech be?
What is the physical setting?
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key messages
length
style
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Speech Writing – other considerations
When you write a speech, also consider the speaker…
Body movement
Gestures
Audiences are sensitive to these factors
Facial expression
Physical appearance
Displays of personality & emotion
Effective speakers use these non-verbal expressions to hold
attention & to help get the message across
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Speech Writing – other considerations
When you write a speech, also consider the speaker…
The 60 seconds rule – Most speakers will be
nervous for the first 60 seconds
To start the speech with a joke or
heart-lightening remarks
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Types of Speeches
There are 4 types of speeches……
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Informative
Persuasive
Entertaining
Technical
Brief – less formal type of speech
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Types of Speeches – Informative
The subject matter is informative that can readily be
understood by audiences with little or no background
in the subject matter
E.g. : Education or training session for an organizations
Characteristics: generally make use of slides
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Types of Speeches - Persuasive
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Attempts to sell an audience on an idea, a person,
a course of action, or to promote a specific product
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The subject is more abstract and more difficult to sell
E.g. : convincing employees to support MPF
Characteristics: generally make use of slides, charts &
support documentation
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Types of Speeches - Entertaining
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Designed primarily to entertain the audience or to
give the audience an enjoyable experience
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Information about the organization is presented to
leave the audience with a favorable impression of
the organization
E.g. : a welcome speech at a opening cocktail of a social
event
Characteristics: Information of the host of the event will
be mentioned informally in the speech
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Types of Speeches - Technical
This is informative but it goes beyond simple
information
E.g. : presentation to peers at a trade or professional
meeting or an official presentation to a regulatory body
Characteristics: almost always involves slides & printed
handouts and perhaps even a videotape
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Types of Speeches – Brief Remarks
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Speeches beyond the 4 previously mentioned
speeches
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Usually delivered in less formal occasions
E.g. : expression of thanks, welcome or acceptance
Characteristics: usually prepare talking points and have
the speaker put them in his or her own words
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Guidelines for Drafting Speech
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Identify the purpose of the speech. E.g. opening or closing?
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Each speech must have its uniqueness. Test it by placing
the speech into different occasions. If it can be applied to
different events or environment, it is not a good speech.
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Speech should bring forward-looking with excitement to
encourage the realization of the ideas mentioned in the
speech. If possible, follow-up actions should be made
possible to continue the momentum.
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Guidelines for Drafting Speech (cont’d)
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Messages should be concepts and ideas that are
relevant to global, regional or local circumstances and
environment that the audience are familiar with. Any
application to the latest development can enliven the
speech.
If anything is exciting or worthwhile to share, include it in
the speech.
Know the speaker’s style, language ability, pace of
speech and preference.
Write the speech as your are speaking, not writing.
Break the long sentences into short ones per breathing
pace when talking.
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