University of Minnesota
College of Pharmacy, Duluth and
Smart Health for Rural
Communities
Debbie Sisson, R.Ph. M.S.
Associate Director Experiential Education
Experiential Educators
The mediocre teacher tells.
The good teacher explains.
The superior teacher demonstrates.
The great teacher inspires.
~William Arthur Ward
Was there a shortage identified?
• A few years ago, COP and DOH surveyed rural
practitioners and Twin City hospital directors
• Appeared to be 200 to 400 openings at that time
• Caused by increase in number of prescriptions,
aging population, pharmacist retirement, new roles,
and too few graduates from COPs
• New technology does not alone relieve need
What is the impact of the shortage?
• Overworked pharmacists
• Increases in pharmacist salaries
– Accompanying mobility
• Limited expansion of services into direct patient care
– Even if resources available
• Reduced medication management
– Resultant health effects and costs
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Closure of rural pharmacies
Loss of access to health care in rural communities
Increased difficulty in finding educational sites
Some improvement in professional environment as
pharmacies need to attract pharmacists
Will the shortage last long enough for the
college to have an impact by graduating
more students?
• Yes, prescription numbers will continue to rise
• Capitation bolus - graduates of large classes in 1970s
will retire in 10-15 years – So, we have not seen the
worst of the shortage yet
• Aging Counties- Aging Pharmacists
• Surrounding states’ COP cannot alone produce more
• Technology is not the sole answer
• We were not at the national average for graduates
(2/100,000 vs 3.1/100,000 average)
How Can We Bridge This Gap?
College of Pharmacy,
Duluth
What changed?
• We had classes of 105
• We were at the limit of our resources
• We requested funds for expansion from the 2001
legislature as part of the university’s request
• We requested funds for a branch at UM,Duluth for 3
years of education of 50 students
• Regional Hubs for experiential sites in Brainerd,
Bemidji, Fergus Falls, Mankato, Duluth, St. Cloud and
Rochester and Twin Cities
What changed?
• First class Fall 2003, Class of 2007
• Second class started Fall 2004, Class of 2008
• Third class admitted will start this fall, Class of 2009
Principles
• One accreditation; same basic curriculum
– One Program, Two Campuses
• Distance education with 17 faculty at Duluth;
Associate Dean, student services; new educational
coordinators at practice sites.
• Same faculty/student ratio
• Interprofessional Education
• Medical School in Duluth, basic science faculty
• Rural emphasis, aligned with Medical School
• All 150 students could do rotations based for 45
weeks in any of 8 regional hubs
Why Duluth?
• Shortage is most acute in Greater MN
• UMD has rural emphasis and COP worked with
UMD Med School in the Rural Health School
• Iron Range legislative support; enthusiasm of
the practice (M.D., R. Ph.) community
• No space on the Twin Cities campus
• New pool of potential students—see slides to
follow
Northwest Minnesota
25
20
15
Duluth
Twin Cities
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10
5
5
0
5
2
1
2
2002
2003
2004
St. Cloud - Moorhead
25
20
15
Duluth
Twin Cities
`
10
3
7
5
5
7
3
0
2002
2003
2004
Willmar - Montevideo
25
20
15
Duluth
Twin Cities
`
10
5
0
2
1
2
2002
2003
3
0
2004
Southwest Minnesota
25
20
15
Duluth
Twin Cities
`
10
5
3
0
1
1
2002
2003
1
3
2004
South Metro
25
20
15
3
`
10
6
17
11
5
7
0
2002
2003
2004
Duluth
Twin Cities
Southeast Minnesota
25
20
15
`
10
3
3
5
9
7
9
0
2002
2003
2004
Duluth
Twin Cities
Arrowhead
25
20
15
Duluth
Twin Cities
`
10
4
5
0
2
2002
4
2003
9
2
2004
North Metro/Hinckley
25
5
20
4
15
`
10
18
19
2003
2004
14
5
0
2002
Duluth
Twin Cities
Hennepin County
25
20
4
15
6
Duluth
Twin Cities
`
10
17
5
10
11
2002
2003
0
2004
Ramsey County
25
20
1
15
`
10
19
5
2
9
6
0
2002
2003
2004
Duluth
Twin Cities
Changes?
• Potential for 50% increase in number of
pharmacy graduates
• Increasing the number of students from Greater
MN
• Encouraging students to do experiential
education in Greater MN (home towns, etc)
• We cannot do this alone…….
• Need to partner with Rural Communities
Opportunities for Greater MN Pharmacy
• Mentor Program/Early Pharmacy Practice
Experience
• Internships
• APPE’s Advanced Pharmacy Practice
Experiences
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Community
Ambulatory Care
Management
Geriatrics
What are all of these terms?????
• Let’s go over each in detail…..
Early Pharmacy Practice Experience
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Mentor Program
Part of Phar 7001 and 7002
10 hours each semester (Fall and/or Spring)
First Year of Pharmacy School
Mentor Program Goals
• Introduce first-year pharmacy students to professional
career opportunities under the mentorship of
pharmacists working in a variety of practice and
business settings
• Observation opportunity for students and allow
pharmacists an opportunity to meet students and
contribute to the profession through mentoring
• Opportunity to develop 1 on 1 relationships with
practicing pharmacy professionals
Internships
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After completion of 1st year
Employees in Greater Minnesota
Paid
Technician versus Intern
Internships
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Students
Pharmacist Preceptors
Apply
Renew/CE
Internship Frequently Asked Questions
APPE’s
• Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences
– Community, Ambulatory Care
– Acute Care, Institutional, Patient Care
– Electives: Management, Geriatrics, Peds, etc.
• Site
• Preceptors
Preceptor Requirements
• To become/continue being a preceptor
– Apply on line/forms Board of Pharmacy
– Contact College of Pharmacy Experiential Staff
– Renew License every 2 years
• College of Pharmacy, is a CE provider for preceptor license renewal
and preceptor development
• Willing!!!!!
• We have resources to support you
Preceptor Development
• Continuing Education in Greater MN
• Continuing Education that would include:
– Update from the College of Pharmacy
– Teaching Pearls
– Clinical Topic
College Updates may include:
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Regional Hub Updates
Changes in Curriculum
Student profiles/Student interests
Resources available/Preceptor Benefits
Sexual Harassment Policy and HIPPA/FERPA
Legislative Issues
Board of Pharmacy Updates
Biomed Library Access
Others?????
Teaching Pearls may include:
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Outcomes—in detail
Assessment/Evaluations
Millenials
Conflict Resolution
Adult Learning
Experiential Education
Highlights from Preceptors in Region
Interprofessional Activities
Others????
Clinical Topics may include:
• BCPS review topics
– ACCP Review schedule?
– Literature review/biostatistics
– Cardiology, etc
• New Guidelines (JNCVII, ATPIII, CHEST
guidelines, etc..)
• Others????
Experiential Education
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Hubs 8
45 weeks
Plan for 3 x 5 weeks in community
Interprofessional Opportunities
Welcome in community
Working with AHEC
Experiential Learning
• “Education that occurs as a direct
participation in the events of life”
Houle 1980
Preceptors
• Instructors/Faculty
• Team
– Trainer, Coach, Cheerleader
• “Teaching by example is a two-way path”
Kattie Hamann, The Australian
Unique Opportunities for Experiential
Education from Duluth?
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Pharmacist Shortage is most acute in rural areas
UMD has rural emphasis
Rural Health School
Duluth Health Care Systems
Area Health Education Center, Hibbing
Iron Range legislative support; enthusiasm of the
practice community
• Students
Experiential Education (Student
and Pharmacist)
• The meeting of two personalities is like the
contact of two chemical substances: if there is
any reaction, both are transformed.
• Carl Jung (1875 - 1961)
UMD
Thank You!!!!!!!!!!!
Questions?