Matakuliah
Tahun
: E1122 - Psikologi Pendidikan
: 2010
Motivation, Teaching, and Learning
Pertemuan 11
Motivation, Relationships,
and Sociocultural Context
• Social Motives; need and desires that are learned
through experiences with the social world
• Both teacher approval dan peer approval are important
social motives or most students.
• In the elementary school years, students are motivated
to please their parents more than their peer.
Bina Nusantara University
2
Social Relationships
• Parents ; parents with more education are more likely than
less educated parents to believe that their involvement in
their child’s education is important.
• Peers; peers can effect a student’s motivation through
social comparison, social competence and motivation, peer
co-learning, and peer-group infulences
• Teachers; many children who do not do well in school
consistently have negative interactions with their teachers
• Teachers and Parents; when teachers systematically and
frequently inform parents of their children’s progress and get
involved in their children’s learning, children often reach
higher levels of academic achievement
Bina Nusantara University
3
Sociocultural Context
• Socioeconomic status and Ethnicity;
Achievement differences are more closely related to
socioeconomic status than to ethnicity. Many studies
have found that socioeconomic status predicts
achievement better than ethnicity
• Gender;
males and females differ in their beliefs and values.
ex; boys have higher competence beliefs than girls for
math and sports, and girls have higher compentence
belief for english, reading,, and social activities
Bina Nusantara University
4
Student who are low Achieving and have
low Expectation for success
• The student who are low achieving and have low
expectation for success need to be consistently
reassured that they can meet the goals and challenges
you have set for them and that you will give them the
help and support they need to succeed.
• Failure syndrome; having low expectation for success
and giving up at the first sign of difficulty
Bina Nusantara University
5
Student who Protect Their Self-Worth by
Avoiding Failure
• Nonperformance; the most obvious strategy for
avoiding failure is to not try
• Procrastination; individual who postpone studying for
a test untill the last minute can blame failure on poor
time management, thus deflecting attention away from
the possibility that they are incompetent.
• Setting unreachable goals; by setting goals so high
that success is virtually impossible, individuals can
avoid the implication that they are incompetent.
Bina Nusantara University
6
Why do Students Procrastinate?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Poor time management
Difficulty concentrating
Fear and anxiety
Negative beliefs
Personal problems
Boredom
Unrealistic expectations and perfectionism
Fear of failure
Bina Nusantara University
7
Students who are Perfectionists
• Perfectionism is sometimes the underlying reason for
procastinating.
• Perfectionsts think that mistakes are never acceptable,
that the highest standards of performance always have
to be achieved
• Perfectionists are vulnerable to decreased productivity,
impaired health, relationship problems, and low selfesteem
Bina Nusantara University
8
Students whit high anxiety
• Anxiety is a vague, unpleasant feeling of fear and
apprehension.
• It is normal for students to be concerned or worried
when they face school challenges.
• Many successful students have moderate levels of
anxiety
• However some students have high level of anxiety and
worry constantly, which can significantly impair their
ability to achieve.
Bina Nusantara University
9
Students who are uninterested or alienated
• Brophy argues that the most difficult motivation problem
involves students who are apathetic, uninterested in
learning, or alienated from school learning.
• Achieving in school is not an important value for them
• To reach apathetic students requires sustained efforts
to resocialize their attitudes toward school achievement
Bina Nusantara University
10