Department - Unit Safety
Coordinator’s (Fall) Seminar
Oregon State University
Environmental Health and Safety
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Director’s Minute
Steve LeBoeuf
Campus Emergency Preparedness:
Building Closure
Steve LeBoeuf
Environmental Health and Safety
Oregon State University
Revised Campus Emergency Plans
(2008)
•
•
Senior management direction
• A “Steering Committee” provides ongoing
planning oversight
• Enterprise-wide preparedness expected as
part of normal program & business planning
Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
• A central EOC was developed at Cascade
Hall, with a disaster management team from
University senior leadership who uses the
National Incident Management System
(NIMS) when responding to emergencies
Revised Campus Emergency Plans
(2008) Continued
•
•
•
Begin to Create “Satellite Operations Centers
(SOC)” and “Department Operations Centers
(DOC)”
• Schools & departments have specific responsibilities
before, during, and after an emergency incident i.e.
evacuation of persons with disabilities
Ongoing training & annual exercises keep us
ready
• Practice critical EOC/SOC/DOC roles &
interdependencies
Developed “generic” plans that apply to any
emergency
• Level 1(minor incident), 2(major emergency),
3(disaster)
23 SOCs
6 Operational Service/Technical Departments
17 Academic/Administrative Headquarters
Oregon State
University
Emergency
Communications
Flow
Department A
DOC
Department B
DOC
Department C
DOC
College/Unit
SOC
Incident
CommandTeam
At
Central EOC
Policy Group
3 “Emergency Levels”
•
Minor Incident (resolved with internal resources, no
program disruption)
•
Major Emergency (Impacts sizable area, life safety or
critical functions)
•
•
•
•
•
EOC Operational Directors
“Mini EOC”=Situation Triage and Assessment Team (STAT)
Affected SOCs and Departments
Possible involvement of local or county agencies
Disaster
•
•
(involves entire campus and community)
University EOC, all SOC’s, all DOC’s
Coordination with local, county, state, federal agencies
Emergency Plan Fundamentals





Emergency preparedness is an integral part of business and
operational planning throughout all University units
All OSU emergency plans should address issues of
“preparedness, response & recovery”
Plans are generic or “all hazard”
Response is calibrated to 3 “emergency levels”
Emergency Plan Goals:
◦ Protect life safety
◦ Secure critical infrastructure and facilities
◦ Resume teaching and research programs
OSU Building Emergency Systems -Building Closure Sequence

Criteria for building closure based on:
◦
◦
◦
◦
Life safety concerns
Chemical use/Laboratories
Building emergency systems
Size of building/presence of natural light to
the interior space
Building closure sequence

Fume hoods/chemical storage.
◦ Expect closure T-30 minutes.

Emergency lighting & fire alarms
connected to backup generator.
◦ Building closure not expected.

Emergency lighting & fire alarms
connected to battery backup.
◦ Expect closure T-90 minutes OR Start firewatch.
Building closure sequence

No emergency lighting or fire alarms (and
building has areas without natural light).
◦ Expect closure as soon as possible.

Student housing and dining facilities w/o
generator backup
◦ Fire-watch allowed
◦ No building closure expected
Weniger Building Closure Example





6th floor transformer went down Sunday
evening (August 31st), with loss of power to the
north half of the building.
Building closed for life safety concerns.
SOC set up at entrance.
Limited access granted to department
personnel (30 minutes with escort) for
necessary work; Animal care groups granted
access with communications.
Power restored Wednesday evening
(September 3rd).
Weniger Building Closure and SOC
response trailer…
Weniger Building Closure and SOC
at main entrance…
Not a question of If, but When…
How you can help during the next
Power Outage…
In Laboratories:
Stop work and close, cover or otherwise contain and
secure the materials you are using.
 Stop work in fumehoods or biosafety cabinets as soon
as possible and close the sash, even if the hood appears
to be working.
 Make sure cabinet doors and flammable storage
cabinets are secure.
 Avoid opening refrigerators or freezers. The internal
temperature will be maintained longer if the doors are
kept closed.

Not a question of If, but When…
How you can help during the next
Power Outage…
In Animal Facilities:

Animal care staff working in windowless areas should
have access to flashlights at all times.

Surgical facilities should have enough battery powered
lights to be able to finish up a surgery without power.

If you have animals housed in ventilated racks, you
should know what will happen to the animals if there is
no power and be prepared to deal with the situation.
Not a question of If, but When… How you
can help during the next Power Outage…
For all Departments:




Make sure flashlights or battery-operated light sources
are readily available and that all employees know where
they are located.
Departments may consider installing battery-operated
emergency lighting in interior offices and labs.
Shut off computer equipment, printers, copy machines
and other electronic equipment. There may be power
surge when the power is restored that could damage
electrical equipment left in the “on” position.
During outside temperature extremes, keep windows
closed to maintain indoor temperatures. If the outside
temperatures are mild, open outside windows/doors.
What to Expect During a
Fire Inspection
Andy Gray
Fire and Life Safety Program
Environmental Health & Safety
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Inspection Process

Contract with Corvallis Fire Department





Cost; Scope of duties
Building inspection frequency
Inspection notification process
Method of inspection
Inspection report (Initial and Reinspection)
Common Violations






Hallway storage
Shelf restraints
Recycling bags
Repeat violations
Unlabeled containers
Non-fuse protected power strips
Fire Extinguishers

Approximately 4,500 on main
campus

Located every 50 feet

Stationed in common-use areas

Required Inspections

Monthly; Annual; Every 6 years
Other Resources

Problems with your building’s fire
extinguishers?

Fire Drills

Fire Escapes – assessment project
Questions?
Give me a break!
Biohazard Waste
Management
An overview infectious waste rules
and effective management practices
Matt Philpott, Biological Safety Officer
Environmental Health and Safety
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Purpose: Biohazard Waste
Management
Prevention of laboratory-associated
infections or illness (LAI):
“all infections acquired through laboratory or
laboratory-related activities regardless of
whether they are symptomatic or
asymptomatic…”


Exact number of LAI are unknown, but a number
of deaths have been recorded.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Biohazard Wastes and LAI

Epidemiology:

No evidence that treated (i.e., autoclaved) medical wastes
have caused disease.



untreated wastes have caused disease
Numerous incidents of infectious disease have been linked
to contaminated sharps; after use and before discard or
improper discard.
Public concerns during the early years of the HIV
epidemic were largely responsible for the existing
regulations for medical waste management.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Waste Management and Risk


Effective waste management is based on a risk
assessment – an educated estimate of the risk
based on agent characteristics, level of
resistance and training of the persons involved,
and the nature of the activities.
The risk assessment is aided by
characterization of agents into risk groups.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Risk Groups (RG)
Risk Group
What it Means
RG-1
Agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult
humans; low individual and community risk.
RG-2
Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely
serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions
are often available and the risk of spread of infection is
limited; moderate individual risk and low community risk.
RG-3
Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human
disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may
be available; high individual risk but low community risk.
RG-4
Agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease
for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not
usually available; high individual risk and high community
risk
Biosafety Levels


Based on the risk assessment, the activities are
assigned to a biosafety level.
Biosafety levels are a combination of facilities,
safety equipment, and work practices
(including waste management).
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Biosafety Levels (BSL)
Biosafety Level
Used to safely work with:
BSL-1
Agents or hazards not known to cause disease in healthy
adult humans; minimal hazard to personnel.
BSL-2
Agents or hazards of moderate potential risk to personnel.
May cause disease that can usually be treated. Risk of
disease by contact, injection, or ingestion.
BSL-3
Agents or hazards that may cause serious or potentially
lethal disease as a result of exposure by inhalation.
Treatment may be available.
BSL-4
Agents or hazards that poses a high risk of aerosoltransmitted life-threatening disease. No treatment.
Labs at OSU
Biosafety Level
Situation at OSU
BSL-1
Most biology labs on campus are in this category, and
pose little risk to personnel.
BSL-2
About 55 labs on campus are BSL-2. Each will have a
sign on the door or next to the door indicating it is a
BSL-2 laboratory. No inhalation hazard to personnel.
BSL-3
Only one facility at OSU. Personnel must be highly
trained to enter these labs. Agents in use pose a risk of
airborne transmission.
BSL-4
There are no BSL-4 facilities at OSU.
Precautions to Take
Biosafety Level
Practices for Management
BSL-1
Wear gloves when handling equipment and wastes. Most
wastes are not autoclaved prior to discard to normal
waste streams. Culture wastes autoclaved.
BSL-2
Wear gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing when
working in these labs. Follow general laboratory
precautions. Wastes are segregated into potentially
infectious and non-infectious. Potentially infectious
wastes are autoclaved.
BSL-3
Wear gloves, eye protection, full-body protective clothing;
respiratory protection may be required. Extensive training
and experience are required to work safely. All wastes are
autoclaved.
BSL-4
Full-body respirator suits or glove boxes are used at all
times. All wastes are autoclaved.
Infectious Waste Regulations


Infectious waste is regulated mainly at the
state level, but also at the federal and
community (in some locations).
Federal Acts and Regulations:




OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Select Agent Regulations (Bioterrorism Act,
PATRIOT Act)
U.S. DOT Hazardous Waste Transportation
Regulations
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard / Needlestick Prevention
Act Requirements


Applies to contact with human source
materials (blood, body fluids, tissues, cell
lines)
Solid wastes must be collected:



into hard sided, leak-proof containers with
biohazard symbol; red or orange.
sharps discarded into leak-proof sharps containers,
with biohazard symbol; red or orange.
safety-engineered sharps must be used.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Select Agent Regulations


All wastes must be secured in
such a way that there is no
access by persons who have
not passed a Security Risk
Assessment.
All wastes are treated by a
process that fully sterilizes
before discard to the normal
waste stream.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Oregon Regulations

ORS 459.386 - 459.405


OAR 333-056-0010 through 333-056-0050


Oregon Health Services infectious waste regulations
(disposal, storage)
OAR 340-093-0190


Statute that addresses disposal of infectious wastes.
Oregon DEQ infectious waste regulations
OAR 740-110-0030
Oregon DOT rules for transportation of infectious wastes
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Regulated Wastes in Oregon:

“Biological Wastes”


blood and blood products, excretions,
exudates, secretions, suctionings and other
body fluids
“Cultures and stocks”

pathogens and associated biologicals
including specimen cultures; dishes and
devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix
cultures; wastes from production of
biologicals; serums and discarded live and
attenuated vaccines.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Regulated Wastes in Oregon:

“Pathological waste”



biopsy material and all human tissues, anatomical
parts
animal carcasses exposed to pathogens in research
and the bedding and other wastes form such
animals
“Sharps”

needles, IV tubing with needles attached, scalpel
blades, lancets, glass tubes, syringes
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Effective Waste Management

Segregation


Containment


potentially infectious regulated wastes must be separated
from other wastes at the point of generation (in the lab,
animal room, clinic)
regulated wastes must be collected into leak-proof
containers fitted with covers
Hazard Identification

infectious waste containers must be identified with the
biohazard warning symbol in red or orange
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Examples of poor
segregation
and containment of
wastes.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Proper segregation
and containment of
infectious wastes.
Note hazard
identification
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Percutaneous Transmission
Most percutaneous transmission
of disease in a research setting
involve the use of sharps.
For this reason, sharps waste management is subject to regulation
at both the state and federal levels.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Sharps must be discarded
immediately after use, without
recapping, into hard-sided, leakproof containers with hazard
warning labels.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Safety Engineered Sharps
Substitute safety
engineered sharps
for traditional sharps.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
These pictures illustrate what can happen with accidental
needlesticks – these are inoculation with vaccinia virus.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Treatment of Medical Wastes


Medical wastes must be treated with methods
that effectively sterilize.
In Oregon, treatments must be approved by the
state:



steam sterilization (autoclaving)
incineration (required for pathological wastes)
small number of scientifically validated
commercial processes (see DHS web site)
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Incineration



Incineration must “provide complete
combustion of waste to carbonized or
mineralized ash.”
Required method for disposal of pathological
wastes (human tissues, animal carcasses).
Most common method for sharps disposal.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Autoclaving Infectious Waste



Biological wastes, cultures and stocks may be
treated by autoclaving prior to disposal.
This method is commonly used at OSU.
Pathological wastes cannot be treated by
autoclaving.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Heat Sterilization: autoclaving


Both time and temperature are important
components; have inverse relationship:
Autoclaving - steam under pressure

kills all forms of microorganisms at 121oC for 25
min. (including endospores)

This time is actual exposure to heat of 121oC, not run
time for the autoclave!
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
About Autoclaving Waste

Bags should be closed for
autoclaving, and placed on
an elevated surface within a
shallow pan.



Deep pans will delay heat
transfer.
Plastic pans transfer heat
slower than metal pans.
Bagged waste will need
more time than most other
types of materials in the
autoclave.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Validation of Performance

In Oregon, autoclaves used to process
infectious waste must be validated monthly.

challenge test with endospores of the thermophilic
bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus


requires ~ 20-25 min. at 121oC to kill
105 spores are buried in center of bag, autoclaved, then
tested for residual viability
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Other autoclave requirements:


Autoclaves used to treat infectious waste must
have standard operating procedures posted.
Must be capable of monitoring and validating
temperature during each run.

chart recorders, heat-sensitive indicators
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Discard of Treated Wastes

Once infectious wastes have been treated by
autoclaving or other effective method, they can
be discarded to the normal waste streams.


liquids can be discharged to the sanitary sewer
solids (over-bagged) can be discarded to the
landfill
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Additional Resources

Oregon infectious waste links to statutes and
regulations on infectious wastes:
http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/infectiouswaste/index.htm

U.S. EPA medical waste page:
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/

Medical waste publications:
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/publications.htm

CDC / NIH BMBL 5th Edition:
http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
References



Rutala, W. A., Stiegel, M. M. and F. A. Sarubbi, Jr.
Decontamination of laboratory microbiological waste by
steam sterilization. App. Env. Microbiol. 43: 1311-1316
(1982).
Lauer, J. L., Battles, J. R. and D. Vesley. Decontaminating
infectious laboratory wastes by autoclaving. App. Env.
Microbiol. 44: 690-694 (1982).
Ozzane, G., Huot, R. and C. Montpetit. Influence of
packaging and processing conditions on decontamination of
laboratory biomedical wastes by steam sterilization. App.
Env. Microbiol. 59: 4335-4337 (1993).
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Emergency Eyewash
& Shower Testing
Dan Kermoyan
Environmental Health & Safety
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH)

2000 eye injuries per day. When personal
protective equipment (PPE) fails to prevent
contact with highly irritating or corrosive
chemicals, immediate removal of the
contaminant from eyes, face, and skin is
needed.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Accident Statistics
Oregon State University
(SAIF Corp. data)
Year
Total Eye Injuries
reported
Chemical Related
2008 – Present
2
1
2007 – 2008
8
1
2006 – 2007
7
4
2005 – 2006
13
2
2004 – 2005
9
0
2003 – 2004
6
0
2002 – 2003
8
1
2001 – 2002
14
2
2000 – 2001
9
1
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Oregon – OSHA’s Top-25 Violations
Cited during inspections
Rank
Calendar year
Total Violations cited
15th
2000
110
17th
2001
129
22nd
2003
75
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Requirements
(When Needed)


OR-OSHA regulation: OAR 437-002-0161 (5)
Required When …. Where employees handle
substances that could injure them by getting
into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide
them with an eyewash, or shower, or both
based on the hazard.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Requirements
(Where Needed)


Location -- employees can reach it and begin treatment
in 10 seconds or less; (55 feet).
“Unobstructed pathway and cannot require the opening
of doors or passage through obstacles unless other
employees are always present to help the exposed
employee”.


If not corrosive, crash-bar OK
Water must flow for at least 15 minutes.

Eyewash (0.4 gpm); Shower (20 gpm).
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Requirements
(Construction/Testing)



Eyewash – Stay-open valves for
hands-free use. Shower -- Must
not be subject to unauthorized
shut-off.
Emergency shower and eyewash
facilities must be clean, sanitary
and operating correctly.
Follow the system manufacturer’s
criteria for water pressure, flow
rate and testing.
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Testing Frequency
“manufacturer’s criteria”

OR-OSHA

Manufacturers

Manufacturers
American National
Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower
Equipment (ANSI Z358.1-2004)
weekly testing
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Water Quality

Water should be potable





OSHA directive (Yes); ANSI/Manufacturer (No
mention)
Acanthamoeba?
Run for how long? (OSHA, ANSI, Manufacturer
do not state)
DOE study report 1986
Water Temperature?

OSHA directive 60-950F; ANSI 60 0F; Manufacturer
60-95 0F; Adverse chemical reaction??
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Provide Unobstructed Access
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Eyewash Test
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Shower Test
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Document The Test!
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Test Units Available
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
Questions?
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08
for attending!
Department - Unit Safety Coordinator
(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08