Matakuliah
Tahun
: J0712 - Pengantar Bisnis
: 2009
Business Environment
Pertemuan 02
Understanding the Environment of Business
•Outline:
–Organizational Boundaries and Environments
–The Economic Environment
–The Global Economy in the 21st Century
–The Technological Environment
–The Political-Legal Environment
–The Sociocultural Environment
–The Business Environment
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Organizational Boundaries and Environments
• All businesses— regardless of their
size, location or mission— operate
within a larger external environment.
• External environment is everything
outside an organization’s boundaries
that might affect it.
• Organizational Boundary- separates
organization from environment.
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Dimensions of the External Environment
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What Is the Economic Environment?
• Conditions of the economic system
in which an organization operates,
influenced by:
– Business Cycle
– Aggregate Output
• Standard of Living
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
– Real
– Nominal
• Gross National Product (GNP)
– Economic Stability
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Business Cycle
• A pattern of short-term ups and downs (expansions and
contractions) in an economy
Expansion
Contraction
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Aggregate Output and Standard of Living
• Aggregate output is the total quantity of goods and
services produced by an economic system during a
given period.
• Standard of living is the total quantity and quality of
goods and services that a country’s citizens can
purchase with the currency used in their economic
system.
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GDP and GNP
• GDP, or gross domestic product, is the
total value of all goods and services
produced within a given period by a
national economy through domestic factors
of production.
• GNP, or gross national product, is the
total value of all goods and services
produced by a national economy within a
given period regardless of where the
factors of production are located.
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Economic Stability
• Inflation- Widespread Price Increases In An Economic System
• Unemployment- Level of Joblessness Among Those Actively
Seeking Work In An Economic System
• Recession vs. Depression
– Recession is a period during which aggregate output, as measured by
real GDP, declines.
– Depression is a particularly severe and long-lasting recession
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The Global Economy in the 21st Century
Major forces driving the economy:
• The information revolution will continue to enhance
productivity across all economic sectors.
• New technological breakthroughs will create entirely new
industries.
• Increasing globalization will create much larger markets
while fostering tougher competition among global
businesses.
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What is Technology?
• All the ways by which firms create value for their constituents.
– Product and service technologies: technologies employed for creating
products—both physical goods and services—for customers.
– Business Process Technologies- Enterprise Resource Planning: a
large-scale information system for organizing and managing a firm’s
processes across product lines, departments and geographic locations
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ERP Applications
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What Is the Political-Legal Environment?
• Regulation defines the
relationship between
business and
government.
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What Is the Sociocultural Environment?
• Conditions including the customs, mores, values and demographic
characteristics of the society in which an organization functions.
– Customer Preferences/Tastes-Vary
• International
• National
– Ethical Compliance & Responsible Behavior
• Enron
• Arthur Andersen
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Business Environment
• Redrawing Corporate Boundaries
– Core competencies are the skills and resources with
which an organization competes best and creates the
most value for owners
• Challenges/Opportunities
– Outsourcing
– Vertical Integration
– Viral Marketing
– Business Process Management
– Post-9/11
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