Matakuliah
Tahun
: J0712 - Pengantar Bisnis
: 2009
Effective Management
Pertemuan 05
Effective Management
•Outline:
–Who are Managers?
–Managerial level
–Managerial function
–Integrative managerial function
–Managerial expertise
–How do managers manage time
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Who Are Managers?
• All corporations depend on effective management,
thus all organizations require effective managers.
• All Managers Perform The Same Basic Functions
– Plan
– Organize
– Direct
– Control
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What Are Goals?
• Objectives that a business
hopes and plans to achieve
• Reasons for goals:
– Direction/Guidance
– Resource Allocation
– Define Corporate Culture
– Assess Performance
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Kinds of Goals
• Mission Statement – Why Organization
Exists & How It Will Operate
– Long-Term = 5 Years +
– Intermediate = 1 - 5 Years
– Short-Term = Less Than 1 Year
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What Is Strategy?
• Broad set of organizational plans for
implementing the decisions made for achieving
organizational goals.
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Types of Strategy
• Corporate strategy
determines the firm’s overall
attitude toward growth and the
way it will manage its
businesses or product lines
• Business (or Competitive)
strategy takes place at the
business-unit or product-line
level and focuses on a firm’s
competitive position
• Functional strategy involves
managers in specific areas
who decide how best
to achieve corporate goals
through productivity
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What Is Strategy Formulation?
• Creation of a broad program for defining and
meeting an organization’s goals.
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Formulating Strategy
• Define & Meet Organization’s Goals
• Strategic Goals
• Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
• Environmental Analysis
• Organizational Analysis
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A Hierarchy of Plans
• Strategic plans reflect
decisions about resource
allocations, company priorities
and steps needed to meet
strategic goals
• Tactical plans are shorterrange plans for implementing
specific aspects of the
company’s strategic plans
• Operational plans set shortterm targets for daily, weekly or
monthly performance
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Strategic
Tactical
Operational
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What Is Management?
• Process of planning, organizing, directing and
controlling an organization’s resources to
achieve its goals.
– Planning determines what an organization needs to do and
how best to get it done
– Organizing determines how best to arrange an
organization’s resources and activities into a coherent
structure
– Directing involves guiding and motivating employees to
meet an organization’s objectives
– Controlling monitors an organization’s performance to
make sure that the firm is meeting its goals
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Types of Managers
• Top managers are
responsible to the board of
directors and stockholders
for a firm’s overall
performance and
effectiveness
• Middle managers are
responsible for
implementing the
strategies, policies and
decisions made by top
managers
• First-line managers are
responsible for supervising
the work of employees
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Top
Middle
First-Line
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Areas of Management
 Human Resources- Hire/Train
 Operations- Systems
 Marketing- Get Products & Services From Producer To
Consumer
 Information- Gather, Organize, & Distribute Information
 Financial- Accounting & Finance
 Other
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Basic Management Skills
• Technical skills are needed to perform specialized
tasks.
• Human relations skills are required in understanding
and getting along with other people.
• Conceptual skills are abilities to think in the abstract,
diagnose and analyze different situations and to see
beyond the present situation.
• Decision-making skills include the ability to define
problems and select the best course of action.
• Time management skills are associated with the
productive use of time.
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Basic Skills- Technical
Programming
Accounting
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Architect
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Basic Skills- Human Relations
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Basic Skills- Conceptual
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Basic Skills- Decision-Making
Define Problem
Evaluate/Select
Alternative
Implement &
Evaluate
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Basic Skills- Time Management
• Paperwork
• Telephone
• Meetings
• E-mail
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