Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
: 2008
: 2.0/0.0
Pertemuan 12
Hardware: Output Devices
Sumber:
Chapter 5. Hardware: Input &
Output, p.251
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007).
Using Information Technology: A
Practical Introduction to Computers &
Communications. Seventh Edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-007-110768-6
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menjelaskan jenis-jenis dan kegunaan
peralatan output serta cara kerjanya;
aspek kesehatan dari peralatan
input/output; masa depan teknologi
input/output (C2)
2
Outline Materi
• Output Hardware
• I/O Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics
• Future of Input & Output
3
Output Hardware
• Output Hardware
– Devices that translate information processed
by the computer into a form humans can
understand
– Translates binary into words, numbers,
sounds, and pictures
5-4
Output Hardware
• Softcopy
– Data that is shown on a display screen or is in
audio or voice form; exists electronically
– Output that is ephemeral in nature
• Hardcopy
– Printed and film output
– Output that is more permanent in nature
5-5
Output Hardware
Display Screens
• Making a good choice when choosing a display
– Dot pitch (dp) is the amount of space between adjacent
pixels (picture elements) on screen
• The closer the pixels, the crisper the image
• Get .25 dp or better
– Resolution refers to the image sharpness
• The more pixels the better the resolution
• Expressed in dots per inch (dpi)
– Color depth or bit depth is the number of bits stored in a
dot
• The higher the number the more true the colors
• 24-bit color depth is better than 8-bit color depth
– Refresh rate is the number of times per second the
pixels are recharged – a higher rate gives less flicker
5-6
Output Hardware
Monitors
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube
used in a computer or terminal display screen
– Watch the PC ads to make sure your monitor is
included
• Flat panel displays are made of 2 plates of glass
separated by a layer of liquid crystals that line up
to transmit or block light
– Preferable to CRTs because they take up less room
on the desktop
– Latency problems make them less desirable for online
games players
5-7
Output Hardware
Monitors
• Video Standard
– SVGA
– XGA
– SXGA
– UXGA
– QXGA
• Principal resolution (pixels)
– 800 x 600
– 1024 x 768
– 1280 x 1024
– 1600 x 1200
– 2048 x 1536
5-8
Output Hardware
Printers
• Impact Printers
• Form characters or images by striking a
print hammer or wheel against an ink
ribbon
– Dot matrix printers
• Laser Printers
• Inkjet Printers
• Use drums and toner like in photocopiers
– Page Description Language (PDL)
– PostScript and PCL are PDL types
– Produce crisp, professional pages
• Spray ink from 4 nozzles at high speed
– Quiet, inexpensive color printers
– Often less precise than laser printers
• Low to medium resolution printers that
• Thermal Printers
use thermal paper that darkens in time
5-9
Output Hardware
Plotters
• A specialized output device designed to
produce large high-quality graphics in a
variety of colors
– The earliest output device that could produce
graphics
– Pen plotters use one or more colored pens
– Electrostatic plotters lie partially flat on a table
and use toner like photocopiers
– Large-format plotters are large-scale inkjet
printers used by graphic artists
5-10
Output Hardware
Mixed Output
• Sound output
– You need a sound card and sound software
– Good equipment can produce very high-quality 3-D
sound
• Voice Output
– TTS systems (text to speech) are becoming popular
– Requires a sound card and speakers with TTS
software
• Video Output
– Requires a powerful processor and a video card
– Video files are large, so a lot of storage is needed too.
5-11
I/O Quality of Life: Health
& Ergonomics
• PCs impact health
– Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries
• Result when muscle groups are forced through
fast, repetitive motions
• May effect data-entry operators who average
15,000 keystrokes an hour
• May effect PC users whose monitor, keyboard,
and workstation are not arranged for comfort
• Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on
the median nerve in the wrist, caused by short
repetitive movement
• Computer vision syndrome is eyestrain,
headaches, and double vision caused by improper
use of computer display screens
5-12
I/O Quality of Life: Health
& Ergonomics
• Ergonomics is the methodology of designing a
workplace to make working conditions and
equipment safer and more efficient
– Keyboards must be placed at the correct height
depending on each worker’s size
– Monitor refresh rates must be fast enough to avoid
eyestrain
– Monitor heights must be correct for comfortable
viewing
– Sound-muffling should be used for loud printers to
reduce workplace noise
– Wrist rests may help avoid carpal tunnel syndrome
5-13
Future of Input and Output
• This is a fruitful area for research,
including
– Intelligent sensors
– More data input from remote locations
– More source data automation
– Input help for the disabled
– More sophisticated touch devices
– Better speech recognition
– Improved digital cameras
– Gesture recognition
5-14
Future of Input and Output
• This is a fruitful area for research,
including
– Pattern-recognition and biometric devices
– Brainwave devices
– Better and cheaper display screens
– Improved video on PCs
– 3-Dimensional output
– Miniaturization for improved data transfer
speeds to I/O devices
5-15
Kesimpulan
16