Matakuliah
Tahun
: Sosiologi Komunikasi Massa
: 2009/2010
PRINT MEDIA
Pertemuan 8
• History of print media and written communication follows the progress of
civilization which, in turn, moves in response to changing cultural technologies.
The transfer of complex information, ideas and concepts from one individual to
another, or to a group, underwent extreme evolution since prehistoric times. It has
been 30,000 years later since the first recorded evidence of written
communication and it is still dramatically changing. Nowadays perhaps faster than
ever before due to amazing advances in technology in recent years. Technical
breakthroughs alter the way we perceive the universe and manner in which we
communicate with one another.
• As long ago as 25,000-30,000 years B.C. first humans painted descriptive pictures
on cave walls.
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Ideographic or syllabic writing
c. 33rd century B.C. Sumerians invent writing from commercial inscriptions.
c. 31st century B.C. Egyptian hieroglyphics developed from Sumerian models.
c. 25th century B.C. Harappan culture of Indus Valley has ideographic script.
c. 19th century B.C. Babylonian cuneiform adapted from Sumerian script.
c. 19th century B.C. Chinese develop writing, perhaps independently.
c. 17th century B.C. Minoan "Linear-A" script adapted from hieroglyphics.
c. 15th century B.C. Hittite cuneiform adapted from Babylonian writing.
c. 12th century B.C. Assyrian cuneiform is adapted from Babylonian writing.
c. 9th century B.C. Chinese ìta chuanî script is compiled.
c. 6th century B.C. Early Persian cuneiform influenced by neo-Babylonian script.
c. 5th century B.C. Cuneiform dies out as Babylonian speech falls into disuse.
3rd century B.C. "Li shu" Chinese script developed by the emperor's minister.
c. 3rd century A.D. Mayans of Central America have an ideographic script.
c. 4th century A.D. Japanese develop script from Korean and Chinese models.
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• Gutenberg’s brilliant idea aided the creation of the first newspaper printed in
Germany in 1609.
• in 1702, England had the first newspaper published daily; it was called the “Daily
Courant.”
• The year 1714 brought another important discovery. Englishman Henry Mill
received the first patent for a typewriter.
• In 1839 woodcuts and lithograph from daguerreotypes decorated pages of
magazines.
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• In 1935 the first electric typewriter entered the market.
• Photocomposition, typesetting mode enter the market in
1944, but didn’t catch on untill the early 1950s.
• In 1965 IBM introduced the first word processor.
• The digital era in typesetting started in early 1970s. The
earliest computer-based typesetters were a hybrid
between the photocomposition machines and later pure
digital output.
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