Subject
Year
: G-1342 Research Seminar
: 2008/2009
Research Proposal Seminar:
SHOW TIME
Meeting 5
ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL DELIVERY
1. Appearance
2. Posture
3. Facial Expression
4. Eye Contact
5. Movement
6. Gestures
Bina Nusantara University
APPEARANCE
• Definition: A speaker’s/presenter’s physical features,
including dress and grooming.
• Guidelines:
– Consider the Occasion: formality or informality of your clothing is
dictated in part by the speaking occasion.
– Consider Your Audience: In any audience, there is a range of
attire (clothing). Dress at the top of that range.
– Consider Your Topic: Your topic may also affect your choice of
clothes.
– Consider Your Image: The image you want to create as a
presenter should shape your selection of clothes.
Bina Nusantara University
POSTURE
• Definition:
the position or bearing of a speaker’s body
while delivering a speech or presentation.
• Guidelines:
Avoid rigidity and sloppiness. Remember
that before your delivery can reinforce
your message, it must be free of annoying
mannerisms.
Bina Nusantara University
FACIAL EXPRESSION
• Definition: the tension and movement of various parts of a
speaker’s face.
• Guidelines:
– Human face is capable of 250,000 different facial
expressions; this is a vast amount of communication
potential!
– Your facial expression must match what you are saying;
– Your face should register the thoughts and feelings that
motivate your words;
– Concentrate as much as possible on the ideas you present
and the way your audience receives and responds to them.
Bina Nusantara University
EYE CONTACT
• Definition: gaze behavior in which a speaker looks at
listeners’ eyes.
• Guidelines:
– “Look me in the eyes and say that.”
– Eye contact carry many other messages: confidence, concern,
sincerity, interest, and enthusiasm.
– Lack of eye contact may signal: deceit, disinterest, or insecurity.
– Make eye contact with as much of the audience as much of the
time as possible; take in your entire audience, from front to back
and from left to right.
– Make eye contact specially with those individuals who seem to
be listening carefully and responding positively to your message.
Bina Nusantara University
MOVEMENT
• Definition: a presenter’s/speaker’s motion from place to
place during presentation/speech delivery.
• Guidelines:
– Effective movement benefits you the presenter, you audience,
and your presentation.
– Place-to-place movement can actually help you relax.
– From the audience’s perspective, movement adds visual variety
to your presentation and can arouse or rekindle the listener’s
interest.
– It serves you presentation by guiding the audience’s attention.
– Through it, you can underscore key ideas, mark major
transitions, or intensify an appeal for belief or action.
– Select you movement; avoid random pacing.
Bina Nusantara University
GESTURES
• Definition: movements of a speaker’s hands and arms
while delivering a presentation.
• Guidelines:
– They are important adjuncts to our verbal messages;
– They, at times, can even replace words altogether.
– You can use them to draw a picture of an object, to indicate the
size of objects or the relationships between them, to recreate
some bodily motion, to emphasize or underscore key ideas, to
point to things such as visual aids, or to trace the flow of your
ideas.
– Natural and spontaneous gestures are well worth whatever time
you spend practicing them;
– They reinforce your ideas and make you seem more confidents
and dynamic, also help you relax.
Bina Nusantara University
SHOW TIME
• How to speak effectively:
– Make your presentation conversational;
– Avoid the use of jargon or terms that may be unfamiliar to the
audience;
– Watch the audience for nonverbal clues about their response;
– Breathe. It helps you relax and reduces filter language such as
“um” and “er”;
– Keep your tone natural and conversational;
– Speak loudly enough for everyone;
– Avoid rapid-fire or drawn-out-speech or presentation;
– Be expressive; don’t speak in a monotone; raise and lower your
voice to make your point.
– Enunciate and pronounce words clearly.
Bina Nusantara University
How to project a positive image:
• Project confidence through your dress and
presence;
• Make sure you facial expressions convey
interest in the audience. If you are too
nervous to look at the entire audience,
focus on individual instead;
• Make and maintain eye contact with
audience members.
Bina Nusantara University
How to keep your audience engaged:
• Change what you’re ding—for example, make a sudden pause or
change your vocal tone.
• Ask for a show of hands: “Just out of curiosity, how many of you
believe that your friends are satisfied with our English mastery?
Let’s see a show of hands.”
• Add humor. A little comic relief in a serious presentation is welcomed
by audiences and capture their attention.
• Provide analogies and vivid examples.
• Introduce personal stories.
• Employ compelling statistics and expert testimony.
• Use visuals, such as illustrations, charts, and graphs, to good effect.
• Ask a question: “So what does that last point mean for you and your
study/research/presentation?”
Bina Nusantara University
AFTER-ACTION REVIEW
• Like other activities, a presentation is the result of a
process that converts inputs (your ideas, information,
and arguments) to outputs (what your audience sees
and hears). And like every other process, it can be
improved.
• For improvement, do two things:
1. Find the root causes of problems;
2. Use a video to help you assess your performance.
Bina Nusantara University