Matakuliah : G1174/Tourism Management and Planning
Tahun
: 2007
Basic concept and evolution of tourist destination and
attraction
Pertemuan 1-2
Topics
•
•
•
•
Bina Nusantara
Definition
Characteristic of tourism
Tourist industry life cycle
The evolution of tourist destination
Objectives
1.
2.
Bina Nusantara
To identify the terms used in tourist destination and attraction
To explain the importance of destination and attraction in the
tourist industry
Terminology
•
•
•
•
Bina Nusantara
Tourism and tourists: What is tourism?
– Tourists: International and Domestic
– Excursionists, day visitors
– Visits, nights and trips
Tourism purposes:
– Leisure
– Business travel
Related concepts:
– Travel and tourism
Types of tourism:
– Domestic
– Inbound
– Outbound
Concept – Tourism, the Tourist and Travel
• Tourism is defined as the activities of persons travelling to
and staying in places outside their usual environment for
not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes not related to the exercise of an
activity remunerated from within the place visited.
• Tourism refers to all activities of visitors, including both
‘tourist’ (overnight visitors) and ‘same-day visitors’.
www.world-tourism.org
Bina Nusantara
Classification of tourist
Bina Nusantara
Source: Page (2007)
Concept – Wisata, Wisatawan and Pariwisata
• Wisata adalah kegiatan perjalanan atau sebagian dari
kegiatan tersebut yang dilakukan secara sukarela serta
bersifat sementara untuk menikmati objek dan daya tarik
wisata
• Wisatawan adalah orang yang melakukan kegiatan wisata
• Pariwisata adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan
dengan wisata, termasuk pengusahaan objek dan daya
tarik wisata serta usaha-usaha yang terkait di bidang
tersebut
UU RI no.9 tahun 1990
Bina Nusantara
Basic Tourism System
Departing
Traveller
Generating
Region
Transit
Transit
Region
Region
Tourist
Destination
Region
Returning
Environments: Human, socio-cultural, economical, technological,
physical, political, legal, etc.
Bina Nusantara
Location of travellers, tourists and of the travel and tourism
industry
Source: Leiper (1990)
Elements of Tourism System
Three basic elements of Tourism System
1. The tourist is the actor in the system.
2. Geographical elements – Traveller-generating region, Tourist
destination region and Transit route region.
3. The tourism sector as a range of businesses and organisations
involved in delivering the tourism product.
Bina Nusantara
Tourism Enriches
Bina Nusantara
Characteristic of Tourism
 Tourism product as
a service product:
 Intangiable
 Perishable
 Inseparable
 Seasonality
 No-pre test
 Tourism products
represent in
heterogenity but
high value
purchase
 Tourism products
can be sold
individually and
can be combined
in composite
products
 Customers can
have very high
expectations of
the products
(difficult to
control)
TOURISM
 The use of
sophisticated brand
loyalty schemes to
retain customers in
competitive markets
Bina Nusantara
 Product only
consume in situ
 Tourist can not
own the element
of product
 Destination exists
at a number of
geographical
levels
A Framework of
Tourism
Management
Bina Nusantara
Source: Page (2007)
Destination
Evolution of Tourism Management
Tourism is developed for various reasons. The main purposes:
• to generate economic benefits
• to serve as a catalyst for development of other sectors
• to help pay for and justify infrastructures
• to serve general community needs
Tourism also generates problems:
• loss of potential economic benefits
• distortion
• environment degradation
• loss of cultural identity
• cross-cultural misunderstanding
• reinforcing prejudices
Bina Nusantara
The importance of tourism management
Tourism managed is necessary for the following reasons:
• Tourism is a relatively new type of activities in many areas
• Tourism is complicated, multi-sectoral and fragmented activities
• Tourism is about selling an experience and there must be careful matching of
demand and supply
• Tourism brings direct and indirect impacts
• Tourism generates various socio-cultural benefits and problems
• Form of tourism changes through time, planning is used to upgrade and
revitalise the development
• Tourism development requires manpower skill and capabilitiesmust be
appropriate through education and training
Bina Nusantara
Destination and Attraction
• Destinations are larger area that include a number of individual attractions
together with the support services required by tourists.
• Attractions are generally a single unit, individual sites or very small, easily
delimited geographical areas based on a single key feature.
• Both have a strong link, the existence of a major attraction tends to stimulate the
development of destination.
• Once the destination is growing other secondary attractions often spring up to
exploit the market.
Bina Nusantara
The Importance of Tourist Destination and Attraction
They are
• The main motivator for tourist trips
• The core of tourism product
Without tourist destination and
attraction, there would be no
need for other tourism services.
Bina Nusantara
The Development
of Tourist Destination
Source: Swarbrooke (1997)
Bina Nusantara
Conclusion
• The new millenium has witnessed the vast growth of interest in how
people spend their spare time.
• Therefore, tourism is now assuming a major role in the lives of
people which is very complex and complicated.
• It is not only embraced by various people as a new trend, but also it
is an activity which has a unique characteristic feature.
• Indeed, tourism as such would not exist if it were not for
destination.
Bina Nusantara