Using Information Technology
Pertemuan 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Information Technology
1.1 Infotech Becomes Commonplace:
Cellphones, E-Mail, the Internet, & the EWorld
Computers - programmable multiuse machines that
convert data into information
Communications - electromagnetic devices and
systems for communicating over long distances
Introduction to Information Technology
Information technology (“infotech”):
2
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The Telephone Grows Up
Internet phones are cell
phones plus:
Email
Web services
Video
Introduction to Information Technology
Approximately 1 billion
people using cellphones
3
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“You’ve Got Mail!” E-Mail’s Mass Impact
Network - communications
system connecting two or
more computers
Introduction to Information Technology
E-mail (“electronic mail”) messages transmitted
over a network
4
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The Internet, the World Wide Web, & the
“Plumbing of Cyberspace”
Cyberspace encompasses the whole wired and
wireless world of communications:
The World Wide Web - multimedia part of Net
Introduction to Information Technology
The Internet - the “mother of all networks”
5
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The E-World & Welcome to It
E-business
E-commerce
Introduction to Information Technology
E-government
E-learning
E-pinions
E-tailing
E-waste
6
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1.2 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The
Varieties of Computers
1.
Supercomputers
2.
Mainframes
3.
Workstations
4.
Microcomputers
5.
Microcontrollers
NEC Earth Simulator –
the world’s fastest computer
Introduction to Information Technology
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories
of Machines
7
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1.
Supercomputers
2.
Mainframes
3.
Workstations
4.
Microcomputers
5.
Microcontrollers
IBM z900
Introduction to Information Technology
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories
of Machines
8
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1.
Supercomputers
2.
Mainframes
3.
Workstations
4.
Microcomputers
5.
Microcontrollers
Workstation – Sun Ultra450
Introduction to Information Technology
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories
of Machines
9
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All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories
of Machines
Supercomputers
Compaq Evo desktop
HP Compaq Business
d220 tower microcomputer microcomputer
2.
Mainframes
3.
Workstations
4.
Microcomputers
5.
Microcontrollers
Laptop computer
Personal Digital
Assistant
Introduction to Information Technology
1.
10
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1.
Supercomputers
2.
Mainframes
3.
Workstations
4.
Microcomputers
5.
Microcontrollers
Introduction to Information Technology
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories
of Machines
11
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Servers
Clients - PCs, workstations, & other devices
Server + Clients linked together form a client/server
network
Introduction to Information Technology
Server - a central computer that holds collections of
data & programs for clients
12
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1.3 Understanding Your Computer: What If
You Custom-Ordered Your Own PC?
Data
The raw facts and figures
that are processed into
information
Information
Data that has been
summarized or otherwise
manipulated for use in
decision making
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #1
The purpose of a computer is to process data
into information.
13
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Hardware
Software
All the machinery and
equipment in a computer
system
All the instructions that tell
the computer how to
perform a task
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #2
Computers consist of hardware and software.
14
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1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Keyboard
Mouse
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same five basic
operations.
15
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1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
Case or system cabinet
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Processor chip
Motherboard
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
16
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How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Computer circuitry that
temporarily holds data
waiting to be processed
Secondary storage
(storage) - ROM
The area in the computer
where data or information is
held permanently
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Introduction to Information Technology
Primary storage (memory) RAM
17
1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
CD Drive
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
18
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1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Monitor
Speakers
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
19
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1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Printer
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
20
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1.
Input
2.
Processing
3.
Storage
4.
Output
5.
Communications
Introduction to Information Technology
How Computers Work - Concept #3
All computers follow the same four basic
operations
21
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Introduction to Information Technology
Put all the hardware together and…
22
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You still need the software!
System software
Application software
Enables you to perform specific
tasks--solve problems, perform
work, or entertain yourself
Introduction to Information Technology
Helps the computer perform
essential operating tasks and
enables the application
software to run
and…
23
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1.4 Where Is Information Technology
Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development
Miniaturization
Affordability
Then (1946)
Now
Introduction to Information Technology
Speed
24
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Three Directions of Communications
Development
Connectivity
Multimedia
Interactivity
Introduction to Information Technology
Interactivity
25
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When Computers & Communications Combine:
Convergence, Portability, & Personalization
Convergence
Personalization
Introduction to Information Technology
Portability
26
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