Introduction to Class’ Rules
Everybody have to :
• Attend the class at least for 10 class session, Tolerance for late
students 15 minutes.
• Participate in class discussion.
• Smoking and sandals in class is NOT allowed
• Be an active student
• Pay attention about the course material before entering the class
session
• Search others source to completely the topic ( online reading,
browsing the internet, going to Library )
• Do all the exercises ( IT IS VERY IMPORTANT !! )
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• Ready to do assignments/Quiz any time in the class session
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Introduction to Homework’s Rules
• Everybody have to make all home work assignment and
give to the lecturer/ lecturer assistant on the time.
• Whoever doesn’t attend the class without permission,
her/his HW assignment in this session class will not be
appraiser
• Do your best for HW Assignment
• Every session has min. 5 additional problems for HW (
from Lecturer / Lecturer Assistant ), beside your main
HW that you can download from Binus Maya
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Classification of your HW Assignment
Type :
• Personal
Format :
• There is no a special format but, do your HW systematically & easy
to understand
• If there are instructions to draw the graphics/picture/diagrams you
may use “millimeter block” papers
Sources :
• RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th Ed.Pearson Prentice
Hall. Singapore.
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Matakuliah
Tahun
: S0725 – Analisa Struktur
: 2009
Introduction to Indeterminate Structure
Session 01-02
Contents
•Introduction
•Classification of Indeterminate Structure
•Indeterminacy of Structure
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Introduction
What is a “ structure” ?
Is a system of connected parts used to support load.
This is very important for design of all civil
engineering Project
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Introduction
What are that must account by civil engineer
related to structural design ?
Accounts for safety, esthetics and
serviceability , while taking into
consideration economic and
environmental constraints
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Introduction
How about the design Process ?
The design process is both creative
and
technical and requires a fundamental
knowledge of material properties &
laws of mechanics which govern
material response.
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Introduction
What are the requirements , when we
analyze that structure ?
Strength and rigidity , certain
idealization must be made as to how the
members are supported and connected
together, and their displacement are found by
using the theory of Structural
Analysis
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Introduction
What are structural Analysis ?
Structural analysis is a
mathematical
examination of a complex structure, that analyze
breaks a complex system down to individual component
geometry, trigonometry,
algebra, and basic physics concepts
parts by using
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Introduction
What are structural Analysis ?
Structural analysis is a
mathematical
examination of a complex structure, that analyze
breaks a complex system down to individual component
geometry, trigonometry,
algebra, and basic physics concepts
parts by using
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Introduction
Structural Elements
All structures are composed of a number of basic structural elements
as follow :
Tension
hanger
shell
Beam
Column
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Dome with cable
structures
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Introduction
Structural Elements
1. Tension Hanger  Axially loaded members in
tension
The tension member is direct function of tensile strength
of material. These member are rather slender , and
Rod rod , bars, angles or channel ( cross
often chosen from
Channel
section)
Bar
Angle
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Cross section types
Sources : RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
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Introduction
Structural Elements
2. Beam  Loaded created shear bending moment
When load applied beam bends and deflects into a
shallow curve. Heavily loaded in beams, shear stress t
produced by V ( Force ) relative small than M ( Moment
) that produced by longitudinal bending stress
P
sC
M
D
L
VA
D
VB
VA
Shallow curve
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Internal forces
st
Bending stresses
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Introduction
Structural Elements
3. Columns  Axially Loaded members in compression
Columns also carry load in direct stress very efficiently,
Members that are generally vertical & resist axial
compressive loads are
referred to as columns
P
F
F
V
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Axially Loaded column
Cantilever column with buckling load P
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Introduction
Structural Elements
4. Beam Columns
Columns are subject to an axial load and resist axial
load & bending moment M
P
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Introduction
Structural Elements
5. Planar Trusses  all members axially loaded
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Introduction
Structural Elements
6. Cables  Flexible members stress in tension by
transverse loads cables are relatively slender
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Introduction
Structural Elements
7. Rigid Frame  Stressed by axial load and
moment
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Introduction
Structural Elements
8. Plates or Slabs  load carried by bending
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Introduction
Structural Elements
9. Thin Shells / curved surfaced element / dome
Stresses acting primarily in plane elements
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Determinacy & Stability
Determinacy 
Wheater or not the reactions and forces in a
structure can be analysed on static
equilibrium
It deals with wheater the forces on structure can
be determinated knowing only
geometry of the structure, or wheater the
stiffness component must be known.
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Determinacy & Stability
Stability 
the geometric arrangement of members and
supports required for a stable structure, or the
structure ca resist load , without change the
structure shape or significant value for lateral
displacement, and the members must properly
held or constrained by their support.
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Determinacy consist of internal and external
issues…
• externally determinate
If the reaction of structure can be
solved based on static equilibrium
• internally determinate
If the force
of individual
component can be solved based on
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Assesing determinacy of single rigid body 
3 equations of static equilibrium….
If R = 3  statically determinate
q
HA
VA
VB
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Assesing determinacy of single rigid body 
3 equations of static equilibrium….
If R > 3  statically
indeterminate
q
degree of indeterminacy = R-3
HA
VA
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VC
VB
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Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Stability condition 
a. If R < 3n  unstable ; n = member
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Sources : RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Stability condition 
b. If R > 3n  unstable if member
reactions are concurrent or parallel or
some of components form a collasible
mechanism
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Sources : RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
Classification of Indeterminate Structure
Stability condition 
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Sources : RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
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Indeterminacy of Structure
•Determinacy is the ability to compute
support reactions using plan
statics.
•That is, if a structure is determinate, the
sufficient to
find all the forces.
equations of equilibrium are
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Indeterminacy of Structure
•If it is indeterminate, there are too
many reactions to solve for.
•This is the classic problem of having more
unknowns than independent equations to
solve for the unknowns.
•If there are to few
reactions, then the
structure is unstable.
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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Indeterminacy of Structure
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