inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c
CS61C : Machine Structures
Lecture #31 – Summary and Goodbye
2008-8-13
Albert Chae, Instructor
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(1)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Today’s Schedule
• 9:30-11 : Summary Lecture
• 11-12 : Proj3 Regrade OH
• 12-1:30 : General OH
• 2-4 : Faux Final Review Session (320
Soda)
• 4-5 : Omar’s OH (711 Soda)
• 5-6 : Richard’s Discussion (320 Soda)
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(2)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
CS61C: So what's in it for me? (1st lecture)
Learn some of the big ideas in CS & engineering:
• 5 Classic components of a Computer
• Principle of abstraction, systems built as layers
• Data can be anything (integers, floating point,
characters): a program determines what it is
• Stored program concept: instructions just data
• Compilation v. interpretation thru system layers
• Principle of Locality, exploited via a memory
hierarchy (cache)
• Greater performance by exploiting parallelism
(pipelining, superscalar, MapReduce, multi-..)
•
Principles/Pitfalls of Performance Measurement
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(3)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
What are “Machine Structures”?
Application (ex: browser)
Compiler
Software
Assembler
Hardware
Operating
System
(Mac OSX)
Processor Memory I/O system
CS61C
Instruction Set
Architecture
Datapath & Control
Digital Design
Circuit Design
transistors
Coordination of many
levels (layers) of abstraction
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(4)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
61C Levels of Representation
High Level Language
Program (e.g., C)
Compiler
Assembly Language
Program (e.g.,MIPS)
Assembler
Machine Language
Program (MIPS)
Machine
Interpretation
temp = v[k];
v[k] = v[k+1];
v[k+1] = temp;
lw
lw
sw
sw
0000
1010
1100
0101
$t0, 0($2)
$t1, 4($2)
$t1, 0($2)
$t0, 4($2)
1001
1111
0110
1000
1100
0101
1010
0000
0110
1000
1111
1001
1010
0000
0101
1100
1111
1001
1000
0110
0101
1100
0000
1010
1000
0110
1001
1111
Hardware Architecture Description
(Logic, Logisim, Verilog, etc.)
Architecture
Implementation
Logic Circuit Description
(Logisim, etc.)
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(5)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Upper Div’s that Build on CS61C
• CS150 - Design Techniques for SDS
• CS152 - Computer Architecture
• CS162 - Operating Systems
• CS164 - Prog. Lang. & Compilers
• EE122 – Networking
• EE192 – Mechatronics Design Lab
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(6)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Cool Classes
• EE143 – Fabricate a wafer
• CS150 – Program an FPGA
• Pong
• Tron
• Battleship
• “cell phone”
• CS152 – CPU architecture
• Learn about interesting
advanced architectures
• No longer a crazy project
class
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(7)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Cool Classes
• CS162 – Operating systems
• Implement several features of NachOS in
Java
• Write C code, compile to MIPS binary,
RUN ON YOUR OS!!!
• CS164 – Compilers
• If you liked writing assembler/compiler
for proj3 or liked the MCE from 61A
• CS170,172,174 – Theory
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(8)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Cool Classes
• CS 184 – Graphics
• CS 188 – AI
• Pacman
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(9)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Coolest class
• EE192
• Need 2/3 prereqs, but really anything in EECS can
probably help
-
Knowledge of C, CS150, EE120
Can only take in spring
Limited space
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(10)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
20th vs. 21st Century IT Targets
• 20th Century Measure of Success
• Performance (peak vs. delivered)
• Cost (purchase cost vs. ownership cost, power)
• 21st Century Measure of Success? “SPUR”
• Security
• Privacy
• Usability
• Reliability
• Massive parallelism greater chance (this time) if
• Measure of success is SPUR vs. only cost-perf
• Uniprocessor performance improvement decelerates
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(11)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Other Implications
• Need to revisit chronic unsolved problem
• Parallel programming!!
• Implications for applications:
• Computing power >>> CDC6600, Cray XMP
(choose your favorite) on an economical die
inside your watch, cell phone or PDA
- On your body health monitoring
- Google + library of congress on your PDA
• As devices continue to shrink…
• The need for great HCI critical as ever!
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(12)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Today’s Schedule
• 9:30-11 : Summary Lecture
• 11-12 : Proj3 Regrade OH
• 12-1:30 : General OH
• 2-4 : Faux Final Review Session (320
Soda)
• 4-5 : Omar’s OH (711 Soda)
• 5-6 : Richard’s Discussion (320 Soda)
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(13)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Administrivia
• Proj3 – 66% done… if you need
regrade come to OH today or
tomorrow
• Course Surveys
• Anonymous Online Survey posted
tomorrow
• Grading complaint OH
• Thursday after the final
• Possibly all day Friday
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(14)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Administrivia
• Final 8/14 – 9:30-12:30pm in 105 North Gate
Only bring pencils,
two 8.5”x11” handwritten sheets + green.
Leave backpacks, books, calculators home!
Everyone must take ALL of the final!
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(15)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Join Us…
• If you did well in CS3 or 61{A,B,C}
(A- or above) and want to be on staff?
• Usual path: Lab assistant  Reader  TA
• Contact Jenny Jones in 395 Soda before
first week of semester for LA signup…
• Reader/TA forms: www.cs/~juliea/
• I strongly encourage anyone who gets an
A- or above in the class to follow this
path…
- It will help you internalize the material
- Help fellow students, (and get paid for it)
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(16)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Taking advantage of Cal Opportunities
• Why are we the #2 Univ in the WORLD?
So says the 2004 ranking from the “Times Higher Education Supplement”
• Research, research, research!
• Whether you want to go to grad school or
industry, you need someone to vouch for
you! (as is the case with the Mob)
• Techniques
• Find out what you like, do lots of web
research (read published papers), hit OH
of Prof, show enthusiasm & initiative
• research.berkeley.edu/
• www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(17)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Some Current Research
• RADLab (Reliable Adaptive
Distributed)
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Looking at datacenter
architectures
• RAMP (Research Accelerator
for Multiple Processors)
• Use FPGA’s to get many cores
• Picture on right is 1008 cores in
1 rack
• Berkeley View
QuickT ime™ and a
T IFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Vision for future of parallel
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(18)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
General Advice
• Find good partners
• Learn/use some unixy environment
• Linux, cygwin+X, OS X
• CS9G?
• Learn some scripting language
• CS9H, etc
• Grades
• Learn and use Vim
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(19)
or emacs
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
Penultimate slide: Thanks to the staff!
• TAs
• Bill Kramer
• Omar Akkawi
• Richard Guo
• Thanks
• Readers
• Rick Schmidt
• Jillian Moore
• Lab Assistants
• Gilbert Chou
• Rick Schmidt
• to Dan Garcia and Scott Beamer for most of
the lecture slides
• to Matt Johnson for proj1 and parallel
material
• to other past instructors of CS61C for
building this class and its material
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(20)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB
The Future for Future Cal Alumni
• What’s The Future?
• New Millennium
• Wireless, Nanotechnology, Quantum
Computing, 10 M “volunteer” CPUs,
the Parallel revolution...
• Rapid Changes in Technology
• World’s Best Education
2nd
• Never Give Up!
“The best way to predict the future is to
invent it” – Alan Kay
The Future is up to you!
CS61C L31 Summary and Goodbye(21)
Chae, Summer 2008 © UCB