Document 14997615

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Matakuliah
Tahun
: A0784 - Strategi Investasi IT
: 2009
Introduction to IT investment decision-making
Pertemuan 1-2
Introduction
•Positive relationship between spending on IT and
its contribution to profitability
•Connection between capital investment in IT and
productivity or performance of a company
•Exploring methodologies that will give optimal
solution to managers facing IT investment decision
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Types of IT investment decision-making problems
• What are most appropriate quantitative methods and
techniques for IT evaluation?
• What quantitative and qualitative measures can be used
in the assessment of IT investment?
• How can we provide objectively IT decision when we use
highly complex criteria?
• How do we choose the best alternative from IT projects?
• How can we justify IT decisions?
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What are IT investment?
• Investing in equipment, application, service, and basic
technology
• Expenses associated with acquiring computer,
communication, software, network and personnel
• Investment decision of allocating types of resources
(human, monetary, physical) to an MIS
• MIS : collection of four primary components ; personnel,
application software, system software, and hardware 
see figure 2
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IT Methodologies
• Analytical hierarchy
• Balance scorecard
• Critical success factors
• Decision theory
• Accounting rate of return
• Delphi method
• Satisfaction and priority surveys
• Game theory
• Payback period
• Information economics
 See table 2
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Limitations of methodologies
• Limit what kinds of factors they can consider
• Not being able to include the right combination of
decisions factors or criteria
• Do not always keep to a predicted time table
• Higher risks than other capital investments
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Classes of IT risk
• Physical risks : vulnerability of computer hardware,
software, data theft, sabotage, piracy, deletion, security
• Managerial risk : failure to achieve benefit or cost
reduction, desired time frame, end-user resistance,
inability of system, incompatibility issues
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Why study IT investment?
• Advancement in technology can give competitive
advantage of improvement in communicating to
customer, over the competitor, or within partnering
companies.
• Poor IT investment can increase capital cost, interest
cost, delay customer order, disrupt communication, and
decrease employee morale.
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Organizational planning in IT investment
• Strategic planning : senior managers to be involved in
developing specific systems to implement corporation
strategy
• Tactical planning : middle managers will implement the
goals and objectives defined at prior stage
• Operational planning : more detailed, day to day work
effort is planned and scheduled.
 See figure 3
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MIS planning of IT systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
External analysis of competition and threats
Internal analysis of firm’s strengths and weaknesses
Overall corporate strategic planning
MIS functional area strategic planning
Process and systems engineering
Configuration and functionality analysis
IT system evaluation and justification
IT system implementation
Post implementation analysis
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System implementation strategies
• Direct conversion
• Parallel conversion
• Phased conversion
• Pilot conversion
 See table 3
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