Matakuliah
Tahun
: V0052
: 2008
MANNERS AND MANNERISM
Week 6
Learning Outcomes
On completion of this unit, the students should be able to
explain and understand the manners and mannerism applied
in various cultures. It covers dinning etiquette, cocktail
parties, restaurant behavior, social norm, and taboos.
Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan dan memahami aturan dan tata
cara (manners and mannerism) yang berlaku di berbagai budaya
yang meliputi etika jamuan makan, pesta cocktail, sikap di
restoran, norma-norma sosial dan tabu.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
3
Subjects
•
•
•
•
•
Bina Nusantara
Dining etiquette
Cocktail parties
Restaurant behavior
Social norms
Taboos
HO 0708
4
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Eating Hours
Jam Makan
Lunch
Dinner
Bina Nusantara
Bangsa
Noon
Nordic
2 pm (followed by siesta)
Spaniards
5.30 pm
Finns
06.00 pm or 06.30 pm
American
07.30 pm
Northern and Centrals
Europeans
09.00 pm or 10.00 pm
(if you are invited to a dinner at
08.00 pm or 08.30 pm, means the
dinner is likely to be served
between 10.00 – 11.00 pm)
Spaniards and Portuese
07.00 pm – 09.00 pm
Chinese and most of Asians
HO 0708
5
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Bon Appétit
In most countries, the signal to start
eating is given by the host or hostess.
In France: “ Bon appétit ”
In Germany: “ Guten appetit “
In Italy: “ Buon appetito “
In Japan: “ Itidakimasu ” (I am
receiving).
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
6
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Courses
• Anglo-Saxons are used to eating 3
courses; starter, main course, and
dessert.
• British tend to put as much as they can
on one plate.
• French serve many side dishes
separately.
• Japanese can serve a very large number
of dishes one after another (e.g. 19
courses), each containing a small, easily
digestible amount.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
7
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Starters
Countries
Bina Nusantara
Jenis Hidangan Pembuka
Japan
Sashimi (raw fish)
Scandinavian
Raw fish or smoked fish
France
Hors d’oeuvre, soupe à l’oignon, bouillabaisse
Italy
Antipasta, minestrone soup
America
Shrimp cocktail, potato skin, guacamole &
cheece dips, clam chowder soup
Greece
Tsatsiki dan taramasalata
Turkey
Yoghurt
Spain
Tapas, gazpacho soup
Austro-Hungary
Goulasch soup
Russia
Bortsch soup
China
Shark fin soup or bird’s nest
Nordic
Pea soup
Germany
Oxtail soup
HO 0708
8
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Starters
• Soups are normally eaten with metal soup
spoons. But in China, spoons are ceramic
and a special shape.
• In Japan and Korea, when eating soup, one
lifts the soup bowl to the mouth and drinks
the contents accompanied by slurping.
• Most Europeans tip their soup dishes
towards themselves when spooning out the
last dregs.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
9
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Japanese
• Seating on tatami
• Use chopsticks for eating
• Give compliment for the food garnish (say how
nice everything looks)
• Keep eating a little of each dish at a time
withour finishing any off
• Lift up your glass when someone offers to fill it
• When drinking sake, turn your sake cup upside
down when you don’t want any more sake
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
10
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Chinese
• Use chopsticks
• Never say that you are hungry during
the meal
• When the meal is ended, the host will
stand up and thank you for coming
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
11
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: Arabs
• Seating on a carpet, linoleum or the
smooth surface
• Using hand when eating
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
12
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: British
• Use the knife in the right hand and fork in the
left hand
• The British habit of eating vegetables (even
peas) with the fork upside down is viewed as
ridiculous by the Americans and Europeans
• Do not put your elbow on the table when eating
• After finish the meal, you should put both of
your hands on your lap (on the contrary,
Mexicans are told to put their hands on the
table during and after the meal. It is taboo to
hide your hands under the table)
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
13
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: American
• Use fork for eating. Knife is only used
for cutting meat or vegetables.
• First they cut the meat with their knife in
the right hand and fork in the left. Then
they put the knife down by the side of
the plate, transfer the fork from left
hand to right.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
14
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: French
• Use bread as an extra utensils, pushing
everything else around with it and
eventually employing a chunck to wipe
the plate clean.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
15
Week 6
Dining Etiquette: French
• Use bread as an extra utensils, pushing
everything else around with it and
eventually employing a chunck to wipe
the plate clean.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
16
Week 6
Cocktail Party: Arrival Time
• Japanese will arrive at the party 10
minutes before it starts
• German and Swiss will come on time
• American and British will come a bit
late, followed by French
• Brazilian will show up an hour after
the party is due to end
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
17
Week 6
Cocktail Party: Small Talk
• Russians like drinking and sitting down
• Americans, with their mobile nature and
easy social manners, excell at small talk
• Australians and Canadians also have no
difficulty in creating small talk. French
and British are also practiced cocktailers
• Germans simply do not believe in it.
Germans and Russians prefer to talk to
close friends rather than talking to
strangers.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
18
Week 6
Cocktail Party: Small Talk
• Finns and Japanese are frightened
to death by the small talk.
• Finns are unused to chatter and they
actually buy booklets on small talk
• Japanese are never quite sure what
to talk about with foreigners
• Swedes usually dry up after about 10
minutes
• Mexicans, Peruvians and
Argentineans love to talk. At a party,
they will talk more and eat less.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
19
Week 6
Cocktail Party: What to Drink
•
•
•
•
Bina Nusantara
The Frenchs like to drink Scotch after dinner
and as an aperitif. Britishs like it with soda and
the Americans drink it on the rocks. Japanese
drink Scoth with water (mizuwari)
Gin and tonic, campari soda or campari orange
are favourites with ladies of most nationalities
Germans like white wine, Spaniards and
Portuguese prefer red, Russians vodka
When Americans ask for a martini, they mean
99% dry gin with just a drop of vermouth in it,
often with olive or cocktail onion for good
looks. With olive it is called a martini, with an
onion a Gibson. When Americans ask for
whiskey, they mean bourbon.
HO 0708
20
Week 6
Restaurant Behavior
• Famous international dishes are
French, Italian, Chinese and
Indian cuisines
• Ethnic cuisines that are gradually
establishing their reputation on
an international basis are Greek,
Mexican, Russian, Spanish,
Korean, Indonesian, Thai and
Japanese.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
21
Week 6
Restaurant Ambiances
• Restaurants in Spain, Latin America,
China, Hong Kong and Indonesia are
usually convivial and noisy
• Restaurants in England, the US and
Japan are more conducive to quiet
socializing or business discussion
• In Finland and Sweden, guests will be
asked to leave if they are too boisterous
or unduly inebriated
• In Japan, it is considered good if the
boss drink more than his subordinates,
then perhaps leave early.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
22
Week 6
Restaurant Ambiances
•
•
Bina Nusantara
In Russia and Bavaria, it is not uncommon
for strangers to join you at your table. In
Munich people occasionally bring their dogs
and ask if they may sit them under the table.
When taking Japanese out to a restaurant,
you should be aware that they are not
allowed to choose freely from the menu. The
Senior Japanese in the group will usually
choose the least expensive meal and his
colleagues will have to follow suit. The
correct action is not to let them choose, but
to recommend strongly the most expensive
dish on the menu. If you do so, Japanese will
have no hesitation in treating you with equal
generousity in Japan.
HO 0708
23
Week 6
Paying the Bill and Tipping
• In most Asian countries, particularly in
Japan and China, the question of who
pays the bill is quite clear before the
meals.
• Latin waiter usually expect some tips
from the service given to the guests.
• Tip is not common in Japan, China and
Australia.
• In France, waiters are capable of
throwing the tip on the floor if they
consider it insufficient.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
24
Week 6
Social Norms
• The Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavians are probably
the most informal societies in the early 21st
century
• Japanese lead the world in standards of politeness
• Asians in general display consistent courtesy to
foreigners and to each other
• French are probably the most formal of the
Europeans. Spanish are known for their warmth,
Italian for their flexibility, and German for their
righteousness.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
25
Week 6
Social Norms
• Do not open gifts in front of Asians and
Arabs. The danger of someone losing
face is too great.
• In Asia one generally wraps up
presents in red paper. White color is
considered as unlucky color and
associated with death.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
26
Week 6
Social Norms
• In Japan, Korea and some other countries
men walk in front of women and precede
them up and down stairs.
• In Russia it is polite to make short speech
with every toast.
• In Russia, people don’t answer people’s
telephones.
• In Thailand, a pale face is a sign of beauty in
a woman. Don’t ask if she is sick or unwell.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
27
Week 6
Social Norms
• Chinese belive in feng shui. They will follow
feng shui to construct buildings and arrange
furnitures.
• In Madagascar the dead are considered more
important and more influential than the living.
• Polynesians bite their head of a newly
deceased relative to make sure he has really
passed away.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
28
Week 6
Taboos
• Madagascar:
– A woman may not wash her brother’s clothes
– Pregnant women may not eat brains or sit in doorways
– Children may not say their father’s name or refer to any part of his
body
• Russia:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Bina Nusantara
It is bad to stand with your hands in your pockets
You should not sit with legs apart
Coats should not be worn indoors
No whistling in the street
No lunches on park lawns
No public display of affection
Don’t ask people where the toilet is (especially when you ask the
opposite sex – Never do that)
HO 0708
29
Week 6
Taboos
• Malaysia:
– Do not point with your index finger. You may point with your
thumb
• Indonesia:
– The head is regarded as a sacred and should not be
touched by another
• Korea:
– Well-brought-up young people do not smoke or drink in
front of elders.
• Taiwan:
– Do not write message in red ink
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
30
Week 6
Taboos
• Arab countries:
– It is taboo to drink alcohol, eat pork or to ask about the
health of a man’s womenfolk.
– Do not openly admire his possessions as he may feel
obliged to give them to you.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
31
QUESTIONS?
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
32
Review Questions 3
1. What are the benefits of learning manners and
mannerism from different cultures? Explain your
reasons.
2. What do you have to do when you have a business
with a Japanese and want to ask him out for dinner?
3. Explain the behavior of a German, an American, a
Japanese, a Russian, and a Latin American in a
cocktail party.
Bina Nusantara
HO 0708
33