Matakuliah
Tahun
: T0732 / Sistem Multimedia
: 2007
Multimedia Authoring Tools
Pertemuan 8
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• memilih jenis - jenis authoring tools
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Outline Materi
• Multimedia Authoring
• Types of Authoring System
• Multimedia Programming Tools
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Multimedia Authoring
• Authoring tools
provide an integrated
environment for
binding together the
different elements of
a Multimedia
production.
Text
Graphic
Authoring
Video
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Audio
Animation
The Components of an Authoring Tool
• Most authoring systems provide facilities for:
– Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds,
videos, text, etc.)
– Creating or editing audio and graphic images
– Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to
create a single page)
– Animation / transition effects
– Specifying the sequence of the application
– Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at
run-time
– Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions
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Types of Authoring System
• There are numerous development models that can be
used for multimedia applications
• Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the
following categories:
–
–
–
–
–
Slide, card or frame based
Icon based
The score model
Object-oriented models
Scripting language based
• Some systems combine one or more of these to create
more sophisticated tools
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Slide, Card or Frame Based
• In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a
book or a stack of cards.
• The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into
organised sequences.
• You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured
navigation pattern.
• A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation
or pages may be sequentially viewed
• There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire
application
– e.g. background colour, default font, etc.
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Slide, Card or Frame Based
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Icon-Based Authoring
• Each part is represented an icon
(symbolic picture)
• Each icon does a specific task, e.g.
plays a sound
• Icons are then linked together to form
complete applications
• Can easily visualise the structure and
navigation of the final application
A screenshot of
Macromedia Authorware
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Icon-Based Authoring
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The Score Model
• This model has an analogy with a musical score
• Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have
multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.)
that do something at specific points (times) in the score
• There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g.
rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each
transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish)
• Each multimedia object lives in a track
• A score has one or more tracks
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Scores and Timelines
• Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during
the course of a presentation or application
– Time is represented along the x-axis
– Tracks are represented along the y-axis
• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of
the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their
duration
0 seconds
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
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5 seconds
10 seconds
Background music
Animation
Voice over (narration)
Video
15 seconds
Scores and Timelines
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Scripting Language Based Models
•
Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming
languages
– They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
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Scripting Language Based Models
•
Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which
can be associated with a multimedia object
– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the
screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked
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Scripting Language Based Models
• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of
complete programming languages
– They tend to have less features and are therefore
easier to learn
• Scripting models allow the developer to write
small scripts (programs) which can be
associated with a multimedia object
– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image
move across the screen or to make a window pop up
when an item is clicked
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Object-oriented models
• In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in
an application is considered an object
• Every object has:
– State - A description of its unique properties
• e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth,
author’s name, etc.
– Behaviour - The things that the object can do
• e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound
• Icon and score-based models usually have objectoriented features also
• Objects are self contained and can be reused in later
projects
17
Microsoft PowerPoint
• PowerPoint is:
– a “business graphics” package
– a slide-based multimedia tool
• Supports vector graphics, bitmapped
images, sound, video and hyperlinks
• Supports many slide transitions and
animations (see right)
• Developers can script objects to make
them display at specific times or events
– The events are represented by a limited
number of presets
– and cannot be altered
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Macromedia Director
• Director is a package with many features
– Sound and audio editing
– Bitmap and vector graphics editing
– Asset management
• Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score
– The Cast are the media assets
– The Stage is the screen or individual page
– The Score is the sequence of events
• Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can
be used to add new functionality
• Director is one of the most widely used PC tools
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Macromedia Director
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Macromedia Flash
• Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and
multimedia
• It uses a timeline and object-oriented model
• Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be
used to create animations
– You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the inbetween frames of the animation
• Flash is a popular format on websites.
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Tracks
Macromedia Flash Screenshot
Timeline
Tweening
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Multimedia Programming Tools
• Programming tools differ from authoring tools in
that they tend to be much lower level and
require the developer to have more knowledge
of the underlying hardware and programming
language
• Programming tools give the developer access to
much more functionality than authoring tools but
require much more effort (and money!)
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Authoring versus Programming
Programming Language Authoring System
•Require programming
skills
•Difficult to use
•Inexpensive
•Low level program
•Program run quickly
•General Purpose Tool
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•Designed for nonprogrammers
•Easy to use
•Expensive
•High level program
•Programs run slowly
•Facilitates multimedia &
instructional design