Matakuliah
Tahun
: L0044/Psikologi Faal
: 2009
Gangguan Perilaku akibat gangguan atau kerusakan otak
Pertemuan 9
PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN OTAK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tumor otak.
Gangguan-gangguan serebrovaskuler.
Closed-head injuries.
Infeksi otak.
Neurotoksin.
Faktor-faktor genetik.
Tumor Otak
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meningiomas.
Encapsulated tumors.
Benign tumors.
Infiltrating tumors.
Malignant tumors.
Metastatic tumors.
Gangguan-gangguan serebrovaskuler.
• Cerebral hemorrhage.
• Cerebral ischemia.
From:
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemic_path/neuro/N2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemi
c_path/neuro/cerebralhemo.html&usg=__n8PcX7kCJRBLWCDScp1U_ZGyRKw=&h=414&w=600&sz=59&hl=id&start=6&tbnid=nouvsWS5hEjQyM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=135&prev=/i
mages%3Fq%3Dcerebral%2Bhemorrage%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DG
Closed-head injuries.
• Contusions.
• Contrecoup injuries.
• Punch-drunk syndrome.
Infeksi otak.
• Infeksi Bakterial.
• Infeksi Viral.
From:
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://scienceblogs.com/whitecoatunderground/upload/2009/03/Streptococcus_pneumoniae_meningitis,_gross_p
athology_33_lores.jpg&imgrefurl=http://scienceblogs.com/whitecoatunderground/2009/03/a_simple_bump_on_the_head_can.php&usg=__0bwX7Ja4myDb
wtAfZAwzwxylY0=&h=1043&w=700&sz=123&hl=id&start=2&tbnid=mS5LCFG_beXvbM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmeningitis%26gbv%3D2%2
6hl%3Did%26sa%3DG
Neurotoksin.
• Toxic psychosis.
• Obat-obatan neurologis.
Faktor-faktor genetik.
• Down syndrome.
• Fragile X Syndrome.
• PKU.
Penyakit Neuropsikologis
• Epilepsi.
– Partial Seizures
• Simple partial seizures.
• Complex partial seizures.
– Generalized Seizures
•
•
•
•
• Seizure grand mal.
• Seizure petit mal.
Penyakit Parkinson.
Penyakit Huntington.
Multiple Sclerosis.
Penyakit Alzheimer.
TUGAS MAHASISWA
Buatlah dalam bentuk essai.
• Gambarkan perkembangan dan pembagian struktur
otak?
• Hal apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan
otak?
• Sebutkan beberapa contoh dari kerusakan tersebut dan
apa gangguan perilaku yang ditimbulkan dari kerusakan
tersebut?
• Buatlah keterangan dari pertanyaan no.2 bagaimana
kerusakan tersebut dapat menyebabkan perubahan2
perilaku yang terjadi pada manusia?
Tugas dikumpulkan minggu berikutnya.
CASE
• Mr. X, 18 years-old man was admitted to a trauma center
after a motorcycle accident. He presented with a right
epidural hematoma and bilateral contusions in the
anterior temporal lobes. He had also a scalp laceration
and right maxillary and zygomatic fractures. The
hematoma was surgically evacuted, and the patient was
transferred to the intensive care unit. Two days later, the
patient became restless and agitated. He removed the
intravenous (IV) lines and monitoring devices and tried to
get out of bed. He was disoriented, incoherent, and
aggressive. His behavior suggested that he was
experiencing frightening visual hallucinations. A coarse,
rapid tremor was noted in both hands, and he was
diaphoretic and mild hypertensive. He responded well to
QUESTIONS
• Identifikasikan masalah apa yang terjadi pada pria usia
18 tahun tersebut?
• Apa masalah utama yang terjadi pada Mr. X tsb?
• Hal-hal apa saja yang secara umum kemungkinan yang
dapat menyebabkan delirium pada kasus di atas?
References
Carlson, N. R. (2007). Physiology of behavior (9th ed.).
Boston: Pearson.
Lesson, T. S., Leeson, C. R., Paparo, A. A. (1988).
Text/atlas of histology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Pinel, J. P. J. (2006). Biopsychology (6th ed.). Boston:
Pearson.
Sherwood, L. (2007). Human physiology: From cells to
systems. Belmont, CA: Thomson.
Taugada, J. (2003). Memahami otak. Jakarta: PT Kompas
Media Nusantara.
Young, B., & Heath, J. W. (2005). Wheather’s Functional
Histology. Churchill Livingstone.
THANKS