Course
Year
: S0663 – Land Surveying
: 2007
Session 2
LAND SURVEYING EQUIPMENTS
Land Surveying Equipments
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Bina Nusantara
Simple Measurement Equipments
Levelling Equipments
Angle Measurement Equipments
Supporting Equipments
Modern Surveying Equipments
Simple Measurement Equipments
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Measuring Tape
Compass
Alidade
Hand Level
Measuring Tape
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Measuring Wheel
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Surveyor’s Compass
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Alidade
Bina Nusantara
Hand Level
Bina Nusantara
Levelling Equipments
Waterpass or Level
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Levelling Equipments
Waterpass or Level
Bina Nusantara
Waterpass (Level)
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Dumpy Level
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Waterpass (Level)
Bina Nusantara
Automatic Level
Bina Nusantara
Angle Measurement
Sta A
BM
Horizontal Angle
Bina Nusantara
Vertical Angle
Angle Measurement Equipments
Theodolite
Bina Nusantara
Theodolite
Bina Nusantara
Theodolite or Transite
Bina Nusantara
Theodolite
Bina Nusantara
Theodolite
Bina Nusantara
Supporting Equipments
• Tripod
• Leveling Rod
Bina Nusantara
Tripod
Bina Nusantara
Leveling Rod
Bina Nusantara
Modern Surveying Equipments
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Bina Nusantara
EDM: Electronic Distance Measuring device
Compass-Altimeter
Laser Rotary Level
Tacheometer
Global Positioning System (GPS)
EDM
EDMs are very useful in
measuring distances that
are difficult to access or long
distances
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EDM
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Compass-Altimeter
Bina Nusantara
Laser Rotary Level
Bina Nusantara
Tacheometer
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. Users of
a global positioning system can calculate their
location anywhere on the earth. There are currently
two "public" GPS systems. The NAVSTAR system is
owned by the United States and is managed by the
Department of Defense. The GLONASS system is
owned by the Russian Federation. While both
NAVSTAR and GLONASS systems are global
positioning systems, the NAVSTAR system is often
referred to (in the U.S., anyway) as the GPS
because it was generally available first.
Nevertheless, both systems are GPS systems and
the reader should keep this in mind.
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
A global positioning system uses the characteristics of radio
transmissions for location determination. Unlike previous
navigation systems using ground based transmitters, satellite
based transmitters are used to cover earth with higher
accuracy that that available from the land based systems. The
satellites transmit timing information, satellite location
information and satellite health information. The Space
Segment is technical term for the satellites that belong to the
system.
The user requires a special radio receiver - a GPS receiver to receive the transmissions from the satellite. The GPS
receiver contains a specialized computer that calculates the
location based on the satellite signals. The user does not have
to transmit anything to the satellite and the satellite does not
know the user is there. There is no limit to the number of
users that can be using the system at any one time. The users
with their receivers are known as the User Segment.
The satellites are controlled and monitored from ground
stations (the Control Segment). The control stations monitor
the satellites for health and accuracy. Maintenance
commands, orbital parameters and timing corrections are
uploaded from the ground on a periodic basis.
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Establishing a
geodetic network
using GPS
techniques
Global Positioning Systems
(GPS), technology in static mode
was used to calculate new
coordinates using a set of MDOT
known points
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