COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Site A
Intranet
Site B
Site C
Firewall
Internet
Figure 3-1 TPS Basic Configuration
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Requirements
Stage 1 – Estimate the
Size of the Job
Stage 2 – Estimate Effort Using 1st
Approach (WBS, etc.)
Stage 3 – Estimate Effort Using 2nd
Approach (COCOMO II, etc.)
Stage 4 – Compare Estimates and
Resolve Differences
Final Estimate
Figure 3-2
Estimating Process
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Develop Client Software
Develop software requirements
Develop software (using any of several selected paradigms*)
Architectural design
design
specification
Implementation
design, code and
unit test
Integration and test
documented/tested software product
Perform task management
Project management
Risk management
Maintain software configuration control
Version/baseline control
Software CCB operation
Perform software quality assurance
*
The tasks shown can be accomplished using the waterfall, phased, incremental or other paradigm by defining the
anchor points and phase activities using the MBASE/RUP model described in Chapter 2.
Figure 3-3
Standard Work Breakdown Structure
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Start
YES
Step 1
Estimate Size
Step 2
Rate Scale Factors
&
Effort Multipliers
Step 3
Estimate Effort
and Schedule
Figure 3-4
Step 4
Need for Further
Adjustments
NO
Step 5
Allocate Effort to Schedule
COCOMO II Estimate Development Scenario
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-5
COCOMO II Nominal Output Screen
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-6
COCOMO II Schedule Constrained Output Screen
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Effort
and
Duration
USC COCOMO II Estimating Package
Capabilities
Size
Resource estimation
Equivalent size estimation
Reuse impact assessment
Re-engineering or conversion
estimation
Maintenance estimation
Figure 3-7
Phase and
Activity
Distributions
COCOMO II Estimating Package Capabilities
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Non-recurring Costs
Tangible Benefits
Acquisition
Assets
Methods/tools
Process adaptation
Documentation
Risk reduction
Education & training
Development
Conduct
Beta test
Other
Total
Cost avoidance
Less time
Less effort
Added capability
Reduced cycle time
Reduced cost of quality
Cost savings
- Less staff
- Less equipment
- Less overhead
Other
Total
-
Recurring Costs
Intangible Benefits
Administration
Re-engineering
Maintenance
Operations
Continuing education
Other
Better customer satisfaction
Better fitness for use
Reduced time to market
Increased market penetration
Improved image
Other
Total
Total Costs
Total
Total Benefits
Figure 3-8 Cost/Benefit Analysis Worksheet
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
display
workstation
and console
user input
graphics
commands
other user commands
central
computer
radar control
commands
received radar
data
radar unit
computer
radar
other sensor data
Figure 3-9 ARS Software Components
(Note: replace with real clip art for workstation console, computer icon and radar dish)
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-10: USC COCOMO Output for Breadboard
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved
612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
MEGASPACE
COCOMO PROJECT
RATINGS
Very Low
Low
Nominal
High
Very High
Extra High
generally
familiar
largely
familiar
thoroughly
familiar
general
conformity
some
conformity
general goals
mostly 90%
full 100%
SCALE DRIVERS
BST
LITS
MINK
PREC - precedentedness
ADAPT
thoroughly
unprecedented
largely
unprecedented
FLEX - flexibility
BST-2
ADAPT
somewhat
unprecedented
BST
LITS
MINK
ADM
rigorous
RESL - architecture/risk
resolution
(% significant module interfaces
specified, % significant risks
eliminated)
BST-2
ADM
occasional
relaxation
some
relaxation
BST
LITS
MINK
ADAPT
little 20%
some 40%
often 60%
ADM
BST-2
generally 75%
BST
LITS
MINK
TEAM - team cohesion
BST-2
very difficult
interactions
some difficult
interactions
basically
cooperative
interactions
ADAPT
BST
LITS
MINK
PMAT - process maturity
ADAPT
largely
cooperative
ADM
highly
cooperative
BST-2
ADM
weighted average of "yes" answers to CMM maturity questionnaire
Figure 3-11: Megaspace Cost Driver Ratings Profile (abridged)
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
seamless
interactions
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Very Low
Low
Nominal
High
Very High
Extra High
PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES
RELY - required software
reliability
ADAPT
effect: slight
inconvenience
low, easily
recoverable
losses
moderate,
easily
recoverable
losses
ADM
BST
BST-2
LITS
ADAPT
DATA - data base size
DB
bytes/Prog.
SLOC 10
RUSE - required reuse
DOCU - documentation
10 D/P 100
risk to human
life
100 D/P
1000
D/P 1000
BST
LITS
ADAPT
BST-2
ADM
MINK
____________
____________
across
program
across product
line
across multiple
product lines
excessive for
lifecycle needs
very excessive
for lifecycle
needs
____________
____________
____________
BST
LITS
ADAPT
BST-2
ADM
MINK
none
across project
BST
LITS
ADAPT
many lifecycle
needs
uncovered
high financial
loss
MINK
CPLX - product complexity
see attached
table
ADM
BST
BST-2
LITS
MINK
BST-2
ADM
MINK
some lifecycle
needs
uncovered
right-sized to
lifecycle needs
Figure 3-11(Cont’d)
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-12 USC COCOMO Output for ARS Top Level
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-13 Cost Driver Ratings for ARS Top Level Estimate
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-14 USC COCOMO Output for ARS Detailed
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-15: Component Structure
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-16: Increment Phasing
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
COCOMO II/Chapter 3 figures/Boehm et al.
Figure 3-17: Increment Summary
© 1999-2000 USC Center for Software Engineering. All Rights Reserved 612932753
