actual
victimizations
known to police
arrests
convictions








Murder – between 8,500 to 9,000
Rape – 30,000 to 35,000
Robbery – 40,000 to 45,000
Aggravated Assault – 100,000 to 105,000
Burglary – 95,000 to 100,000
Larceny – 125,000 to 130,000
Drugs – 370,000 to 380,000
Total – roughly 1.1 million
actual
victimizations
known to police
arrests
1.1 M convictions






Prison – 40%
Jail – 30%
Probation – 30%
Mean Prison Sentence – approx. 60 months
Mean Jail Sentence – approx. 6 months
Mean Probation Sentence – approx. 40
months









Murder – between 10,000 and 11,000
Rape – 20,000 to 21,000
Robbery – 90,000 to 100,000
Aggravated Assault – 370,000 to 380,000
Burglary – 230,000 to 250,000
Larceny – 1.2 to 1.3 million
Auto Theft – 65,000 to 70,000
Drugs – 1.5 to 1.6 million
Total Index Arrests – 2.0 to 2.1 million
actual
victimizations
known to police
2.0 M
1.1 M
arrests
convictions



Violent crimes – roughly 500,000
Property crimes – 1.5 to 1.6 million
Total index crimes – 2.0 to 2.1 million
Year
Total
Rate
Murder
Rape
Robbery
1980
13.4M
5,950
23,040
82,990
565,840
1990
14.5 M
5,820
23,440
102,560
639,270
2000
11.6 M
4,124
15,586
90,186
407,842
2010
10.33 M
3,346
14,748
84,767
367,832
2014
9.44M
2,961
14,249
84,041
325,802
actual
victimizations
9.4 M
2.0 M
known to police
arrests
1.1 M convictions








1960 – 4.7
1970 – 8.3
1980 – 10.2
1990 – 9.4
2000 – 5.5
2005 – 5.6
2010 – 4.8
2014 – 4.5
Reported crime rates are a function of a variety of factors:
l. Department size
2. Citizen trust in the police
3. Education level of the officers
4. Confidence of the victim in the justice system
5. Education level of the victim
6. Social class of the victim
7. Race of the victim
8. If the victim had insurance
9. Overall fiscal resources of the victim
10. Relationship of the victim to the offender
11. Victim’s concern over unwanted publicity/embarrassment
12. Fear of reprisal from the offender if report
13. Unwilling to deal with the trauma of reporting
14. Aware you have been victimized
15. Victims sometimes don’t know where or how to report
16. Ethnic and social mores
17. Social class and status of the offender
18. Cumulative factor
19. Social significance, context, and relevance of the
crime
21. Department communication equipment
22. Fiscal resources of the police department
23. Mobility of the police officers
24. Visibility of the crime
25. Department policies
Year
Total
Property
Violence
2000
25.9 M
19.3 M
6.6 M
2005
23.4 M
18.0 M
5.2 M
2010
20.3 M
15.4 M
4.9 M
2014
20.7 M
15.3 M
5.4 M
actual
20.7 M
9.4 M
2.0 M
1.1 M
victimizations
known to police
arrests
convictions





Overall – 5.4 M
Rape – 284,350
Robbery – 664,210
Agg. Assault – 1.1 m
Simple Assault – 3.3 m




Overall – 15.3 M
Household Burglary – 3.o m
Auto Theft – 534,370
Larceny/Theft – 11.8 m







Assault (aggravated) – 58%
Assault (simple) – 40%
Auto Theft – 83%
Household Burglary – 60%
Larceny/Theft – 29%
Rape – 34%
Robbery – 61%
*****************************************
 Overall Violent Crime – 46%
 Overall Property Crime – 37%
Honduras – 58
Venezuela – 48
Brazil – 26
Russia – 16.5
Mongolia – 12.8
Mexico – 10
Thailand - 8.5
U.S. - 5.6
Philippines - 4.3
Turkey – 3.8
Finland – 2.8
Sweden 2.4
Malaysia - 2.4
Korea – 2.2
Canada - 1.9
France - 1.6
England - 1.4
Australia - 1.3
New Zealand – 1.2
Japan – 1.1
Germany .98
Austria .81
Norway .78
Hong Kong - .63
Singapore - .49
Morocco - .47
International average is 7.6/100,000. Western world tends to
run below 2.0. Not counting nations involved in armed
conflicts, there are roughly 500,000 homicides a year in the
world at present.













Gun accessibility
Alcohol accessibility
Externally based bio-chemical imbalances
Internally based bio-chemical imbalances
Psychological abnormalities
Overexposure to violence
Endless poverty
Lack legitimate means of responding to conflict
Gang wars
Social disorganization
Co-habitation
Instinctual violence
Turning points/tipping points
actual ??
20.7 M
9.4 M
2.0 M
1.1 M
victimizations
known to police
arrests
convictions
1.
2.
3.
Men fear being the victims of different types
of crime than do women.
Men and women engage in different types
of risk avoidance in response to their fears.
Men are less fearful of becoming a victim,
and consequently make fewer adjustments.
Though the elderly have the lowest
victimization rate, they have the highest
fear of crime. This is due largely to their
low rebound factor. In the end, it is not the
extent of crime, but the fear of crime that
drives the field of pragmatic criminology.