1
Using Detector Information to Determine Turning
Movement Proportions at Signalized
Intersections with Shared Lanes
Ali Gholami
Center for Advanced Transportation Education and Research (CATER)
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Nevada, Reno
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
2014 ITE Intermountain Section Annual Meeting
2
Outline

Volume application

Problem statement

Proposed methods

Case study intersections
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
3
Turning Movement Volume Applications





Intersection operational analyses
Traffic safety studies
Travel demand modeling
Identifying critical flow time periods
…
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
4
Loop Detector
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
5
Loop Detector
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
6
What is the current practice?
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
7
Loop Detector Data , Aggregated
Volume Report
Detectors
Date/Time
9
10
11
12
5
6
7
8
46 KIETZKE & MOANA
6/12/2013
6:00:00AM
29
33
45
41
0
0
0
0
6/12/2013
6:15:00AM
26
36
39
37
0
0
0
0
6/12/2013
6:30:00AM
33
32
57
53
0
0
0
0
6/12/2013
6:45:00AM
46
67
89
87
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
8
Loop Detector Data, High Resolution
Sample data collected from the data
communication adaptor
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Data Communication Adaptor
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
Collecting intersection Volume
in Nevada
Manual
• Expensive
• Time assuming
• Not continuous
Automatic
• Not possible in shared
using
lanes
loops
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
9
10
Determine Turning Movement Proportions at
Signalized Intersections with Shared Lanes
Departure detector
Network Equilibrium
(NE)
Volume and Queue
Length of Shared
Lanes (VQ)
• Only high resolution data
• Both stop bar and departure detectors are
necessary
• Aggregated or high resolution data
• 1 min aggregated data or high
resolution data
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
• Only high resolution data
Observed proportions
in the field (OP)
• Aggregated or high resolution data
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
11
Network Equilibrium (NE)
Intersection j
Intersection i
𝑡
𝑊𝑇𝑖𝑡 = −𝑁𝐿𝑡𝑖 − 𝑆𝑅𝑖𝑡 + 𝑊𝑅𝑗𝑡+∆𝑡 + 𝑊𝑇𝑗𝑡+∆𝑡 + 𝑊𝐿𝑗𝑡+∆𝑡 − 𝛿𝑖𝑗
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
12
Determine Turning Movement Proportions at
Signalized Intersections with Shared Lanes
Departure detector
Network Equilibrium
(NE)
Volume and Queue
Length of Shared
Lanes (VQ)
• Only high resolution data
• Both stop bar and departure detectors are
necessary
• Aggregated or high resolution data
• 1 min aggregated data or high
resolution data
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
• Only high resolution data
Observed proportions
in the field (OP)
• Aggregated or high resolution data
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
Volume and Queue Length of
Shared Lanes (VQ)
𝑡
•𝑟𝑠,𝑎
=
13
𝑣𝑠𝑡
𝑣𝑎𝑡
𝑡
𝑡
•𝑟𝑟,𝑡
(𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑙,𝑡
)=
𝑣𝑟𝑡 (𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑙𝑡
𝑣𝑡𝑡
𝑡
𝑡
𝑡
•𝑟𝑟,𝑡
(𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑙,𝑡
) = 𝑓(𝑟𝑠,𝑎
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
14
Determine Turning Movement Proportions at
Signalized Intersections with Shared Lanes
Departure detector
Network Equilibrium
(NE)
Volume and Queue
Length of Shared
Lanes (VQ)
• Only high resolution data
• Both stop bar and departure detectors are
necessary
• Aggregated or high resolution data
• 1 min aggregated data or high
resolution data
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
• Only high resolution data
Observed proportions
in the field (OP)
• Aggregated or high resolution data
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
15
𝑃 𝑡𝑖,𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 𝑡𝑖,𝑙 = 𝑓(ℎ𝑖 , ℎ𝑓𝑖 , 𝑐𝑝𝑖 , 𝑐𝑡𝑖 , 𝑐𝑓𝑖
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
16
Determine Turning Movement Proportions at
Signalized Intersections with Shared Lanes
Departure detector
Network Equilibrium
(NE)
Volume and Queue
Length of Shared
Lanes (VQ)
• Only high resolution data
• Both stop bar and departure detectors are
necessary
• Aggregated or high resolution data
• 1 min aggregated data or high
resolution data
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
• Only high resolution data
Observed proportions
in the field (OP)
• Aggregated or high resolution data
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
17
Considerations
Departure detector
Network Equilibrium
(NE)
Volume and Queue
Length of Shared
Lanes (VQ)
• Not applicable in Nevada
• Significant trip generator between
intersections
• Downstream intersection
Flow Characteristics of
Shared Lanes (FC)
• Not applicable if left turn is not protected
• Pedestrian
• Turning radius
Observed proportions
in the field (OP)
• High variances in different hours, days,
weeks, or seasons
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
20
Making the Models
Regression
Genetic
Programming
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
• User must specify the
structure of the model
• GP automatically evolves
both the structure and the
parameters
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
21
What does GP do?
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
22
What does GP do?
x
3
8
18
32
12
21
7
16
2
.
.
.
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
y
5
14
2
11
10
6
4
24
9
.
.
.
z
5.830952
16.12452
18.11077
33.83785
15.6205
21.84033
8.062258
28.84441
9.219545
.
.
.
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
23
How GP Works?


GP is based on evolution process, (cross
over, mutation, and elitism)
We can use ready applications
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
24
GPTIPS
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
25
R
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
26
Accuracy

𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸 % =
𝑛 𝐷𝑖 −𝐵𝑖
𝑖=1 𝐵
𝑖
𝑛
MAPE: Mean Absolute Percentage Error
Di: the detector data value
Bi: the reference (base) data value
n: the total number of intervals
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
27
Case Study Intersections
9th
St. and Sierra St.
8th Street and Center Street
N McCarran Blvd and Clear Acre Ln
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
28
Sample of data collected for VQ method
1
6
25
0.24
3
0.50
2
7
18
0.39
5
0.71
3
6
13
0.46
4
0.67
4
18
21
0.86
18
1.00
5
7
16
0.44
5
0.71
.
.
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Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
29
Sample of data collected for FC method
1
0
0
1
c
c
T
1
2.24
2.24
2
c
c
R
1
2.31
4.55
3
t
c
T
1
3.01
5.32
4
c
t
T
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
30
Models
NE
VQ
MODELLING
METHOD
Regression
GP
N MCCARRAN
BLVD/CLEAR ACRE LN
Not applicable
Not applicable
Analytical
Calculation
Not applicable due to uncontrolled south bound
right turn
Regression
Not applicable because the
adjoining lane is also
shared lane
Not applicable due to no existing
same-direction adjoining lane
GP
Not applicable due to no
existing same-direction
adjoining lane
Not applicable due to no existing
same-direction adjoining lane
Not applicable
Not applicable
Analytical
Calculation
Regression
𝑃(𝑡𝑙 ) =
𝑒 12.6−3.6ℎ𝑖 *
1+𝑒 12.6−3.6ℎ𝑖
9TH ST/ SIERRA ST
8TH ST/ CENTER ST
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
𝐸𝑅𝑖𝑡 = −𝑆𝑅𝑗𝑡 − 𝑆𝑇𝑗𝑡 + 𝑆𝑇𝑖𝑡 + 𝑊𝐿𝑡𝑖
Not applicable due to
downstream un-signalized
intersection
𝐸𝑇𝑖𝑡 = −𝐸𝑇𝑘𝑡 −𝐸𝐿𝑡𝑘 − 𝐸𝑅𝑘𝑡 + 𝑆𝐿𝑡𝑖 + 𝑁𝑅𝑖𝑡
𝑃(𝑡𝑟 ) =
𝑒 9.2−2.7ℎ𝑖 *
1+𝑒 9.2−2.7ℎ𝑖
𝑃(𝑡𝑙 ) = −3 +
FC
GP
Analytical
Calculation
2.8
ℎ𝑖 − 3.8 + 0.1 𝑒 ℎ𝑖 −
0.1 ℎ𝑖 2 *
Not applicable
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
𝑃(𝑡𝑟 ) = 1.5 +
1.2 ℎ𝑖 *
ℎ𝑖 −5.6
Not applicable
𝑡
𝑡
𝑟𝑟,𝑡
= 0.2 + 0.6 𝑟𝑠,𝑎
𝑡
𝑟𝑟,𝑡
𝑡
= 4.55 + 2.5 𝑟𝑠,𝑎
𝑡
𝑡
− 3.75 𝑒 −𝑟𝑠,𝑎 + 0.25 𝑟𝑠,𝑎
2
Not applicable
𝑃(𝑡𝑟 ) =
𝑒 6−1.8ℎ𝑖 *
1+𝑒 6−1.8ℎ𝑖
𝑃(𝑡𝑟 ) = 0.8 + 0.2 ℎ𝑖 −
0.03 𝑒 ℎ𝑖 *
Not applicable
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
31
Results
MAPE (%)
MODELLING
METHOD
INTERSECTIO
N
TURNING
RADIUS (FT)
TIME
INTERVAL
Analytical
Regression
GP
Calculation
8th St and
Center St
FLOW
CHARACTERISTIC
S (FC)
9th St and
Sierra St
McCarran Blvd
and Clear Acre
Ln
VOLUME AND
QUEUE (VQ)
8th St and
Center St
NETWORK
EQUILIBRIUM
(NE)
9th St and
Sierra St
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
16
35
100
Vehicle by
Vehicle
20
14
-
Hourly Average
8
7
-
Vehicle by
Vehicle
21
20
-
Hourly Average
3
5
-
Vehicle by
Vehicle
28
25
-
Hourly Average
27
15
-
Vehicle by
Vehicle
17
15
-
Hourly Average
4
1
-
Vehicle by
Vehicle
-
-
-
Hourly Average
-
-
1
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
32
Results
Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) percent
30%
Regression MAPE
25%
GP MAPE
20%
Analytical MAPE
15%
10%
5%
0%
Vehicle by
Vehicle
Hourly
Average
8th St and Center St
Vehicle by
Vehicle
Hourly
Average
9th St and Sierra St
Flow Characteristics (FC)
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Vehicle by
Vehicle
Hourly
Average
McCarran Blvd and Clear
Acre Ln
Vehicle by
Vehicle
Hourly
Average
8th St and Center St
Vehicle by
Vehicle
Hourly
Average
9th St and Sierra St
Volume and Queue (VQ) Network Equilibrium (NE)
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
33
Errors using
inadequate data are
much less than
those using no data
at all.
Charles Babbage in 1860
Considered “father of the computer”
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012
34
Thank you
Any comments or
questions?
If we have data, let’s look at data. If all
we have are opinions, let’s go with mine!
Jim Barksdale, former Netscape CEO
Center for Advanced Transportation
Education and Research
University of Nevada, Reno
Project
Panel Meeting
Meeting
2014 ITE Intermountain Section
Annual
March 27, 1012