.
Chapter 9 Ion Cyclotron Resonance
2. Key features are the relation of the resonate
frequency to q/m and tuneability with B
3. It predicts experimental results for a large number
of experiments.
4. It predicts an angular dependence between the AC
and DC magnetic fields.
1.
qB

2m
1
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequencies
2
Ion Cyclotron Resonance
Mass of Ion not hydrated.
3
Shape of Curve for Ca++-efflux at 35µT
Best fit for ICR to K+
4
Experimental Data for Ca++-efflux from a
chick brain.
5
6
ICR Effects on Cell Culture
7
ICR Effects on Rat Behavior
8
More Data
9
ICR Effects on Diatom Motility
10
ICR Effects on Biological Systems
11
ICR Effects on Plants
12
1
13
Effects on Plants.
14
Orchids
15
Coils for Bone Stimulation
16
Showing both Inhibition and Enhancement
of Bone Growth with ICR Exposures
17
Ca Incorporation into Human Lymphocytes
45Ca incorporation (cpm)
 FIGURE 9.3
Nifedipine concentration ( M)
 Incorporation of 45Ca in human lymphocytes for unexposed cells (dashed line) and for
ICR exposure tuned to the isotopic mass of 45Ca (solid line) after 1 h. In the absence of
calcium blocker nifedipine, there is a greater than twofold increase in calcium
concentration over controls. The addition of nifedipine completely blocks the calcium
uptake resulting from ICR stimulation, providing evidence that the ICR mechanism is
related to ion channel transport. (From Rozek, R.J., Sherman, M.L., Liboff, A.R., McLeod,
B.R., and Smith, S.D., Nifedipene is an antagonist to cyclotron resonance enhancement of
45Ca incorporation in human lymphocytes, Cell Calcium, 8, 413, 1987.)
18
Problems with ICR
 1. The orbit at these B values are meters.
 2. How do you isolate the system from noise in the
environments and collisions to get the very
narrow Δf
 3. The masses used do not account for the water
molecules that are attached to the ions.
19
An Approach Looking Free Radicals
 1. Long lifetimes for Nuclear Magnetic Resonates
 2. Coupling between nuclear spins and the electrons in
the outer orbits correspond to magnetic fields in the
micro-Tesla to milli-Tesla .
 3. Changes in orientation of these spins can change the
lifetimes for S to T transitions and thus the free radical
concentrations.
20
Free Radicals
1
21
More complete Diagram for Transitions between Energy Levels in
Magnetic Fields without Hyperfine States.
Figure 1 Shows a simplified diagram for the energy levels for a free
radical. (Steiner and Ulrich}
In the singlet state, S, the spins are aliened in opposite directions
or spin up and spin down parallel to the external magnetic field. In
the triplet state both spins are aliened or parallel to the magnetic
field.
22
Zeeman Splitting for Diatomic Deuterium
23
Energy Level Diagram for NO
24
Low Field Energy Levels for N14 O16
25
Coupling of Energy Level Between States
 1. Coupling between electronic energy levels with
different angular momentum. RF
 2. Hyperfine States , Coupling between Nuclear
Energy Levels and the Electron Energy Levels via the B
fields Generated by Nuclear Spins with the spins and
angular momentum of the electrons, RF
 3. Coupling between nuclear spins of adjacent nuclei
in the molecule.
 4. Coupling between electrons in different orbits.
26
Magnetic Field Dependence of Recombination Rate
27
A Free Radical Concentration vs B
28
Some Radio Frequency Spectra for a Free
Radical Pair
29
Changes in Populations Densities with
Magnetic Field Amplitude.
 Changes in Energy Level Population Densities Lead to
Changes in Free Radical Concentrations
Where neq is the number of free radicals in the initial state, n’eq is the number of free
radicals after the field is applied, γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, B1 is the magnitude of
the AC magnetic flux density, T1is the relaxation time between states and T2 is the
nuclear spin relaxation time (Bovey et al., 1988).
30