Bike Race Tracking
System
Team: Half n’ Half
PDR
Jasmine Jihyun Kim, Claire Lawson, Jason Myer,
Gabriel Seitz, Kevin Sternberg, Julie Yamashita
PDR Outline

Mission Statement

Overview

Position Tracking
 ZigBee
 Wi-Fi

Functional Decomposition

Sub-Systems
 RFID

Labor

Time Management

Budget

Risk and Contingency Plans

Resources
 Bike Module
 Checkpoint Server
 Main Server
 Displays
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Mission Statement
 Our goal is to create a wireless system that tracks in
real-time the location and ranking of cyclists in a bike
race and displays this to the spectators and each rider.
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Photo Credit: http://randy4u.blogspot.com/2007_07_01_archive.html
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Overview
 Large display for spectators
 Small display on handlebars for each cyclist
 Final Demonstration vs Actual Implementation
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Objectives
Primary:
Create a wireless communication system
Accurately perform location tracking
Display information to bikers and spectators
•
•
•
Secondary:
LED spokes will show the biker's position as the
wheel spins
Detect speed of bike along with Position
•
•
Tertiary:
Alternative implementations: keeping track of children
at amusement parks or baggage when travelling
•
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Functional Decomposition: Level 0
Module
Race Position Tracker
Inputs
Bike Position in Race
Output
Ranking Information to be Displayed
Functionality
Calculate the position for each cyclist in the
race and display the ranking
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Functional Decomposition: Level 1
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UML
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Bike Module: Decomposition
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Bike Module: Functions
 Attached to each bike
 Acts as a mobile tracking device
 Sends its location to Checkpoint Server
 Receives current race ranking and updates Cyclist
Display
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Photo Credit: http://www.mauiroadbikerentals.com/
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Bike Module: Requirements
 Able to transmit information regarding its current
location
 Able to receive information from Main Server regarding
placement of bike in race
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Checkpoint Server:
Decomposition


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Checkpoint Server: Functions
 Bikes can distance far away from Main Server
throughout the race
 Range from Main Server to Bike may be too far
 Multiple checkpoints will be set up around track to
minimize distance from Bike
 Facilitates communication between Bike and Main
Server
 Determines and stores cyclists' location
 Transmits location to Main Server
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Checkpoint Server:
Requirements
 Able to receive information regarding position of Bike
Module
 Able to store the location of multiple Bike Module
locations
 Transmit location of each Bike Module to Main Server
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Main Server: Decomposition
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Main Server: Functions
 Processes all measured data to determine the ranking
of each cyclist
 Updates the Spectator Display with the ranking
 Transmits the ranking information to each cyclist
 Single transmission that will be decoded by each Bike
Module
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Main Server: Requirements
 Able to receive info from the Checkpoint Server
 Have enough memory and processing to handle the
ranking calculation
 Able to interface with Spectator Display
 Programmable to our custom code
 Interface with a computer to load program
 Transmit data to the Bike Module that contains the
ranking information
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RF Communication
 RF communication from bike to checkpoint and from
checkpoint to Main Server
 Easier for Main Server to transmit data to bike
 Use of antennas will help the signal strength
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Spectator Display Sub-System
 Communicates information about the bike race to the
spectators
 Receives information from Main Server
 Displays
 Position of each biker
 Map with each biker marked
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Cyclist Display Sub-System
 Communicates information about the bike race to the
bikers
 There will be a display on the bike for the biker's use
 Displays
 Placement of rider in bike race
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Position Tracking Options
 ZigBee
 Advantage: Low power, long ranges, cheap, adaptable to all
network topologies
 Disadvantage: Lots of static nodes
 Wi-Fi
 Advantage: Fast data rates, less nodes required
 Disadvantage: Large power consumption, bulkier in size,
expensive
 RFID
 Advantage: Low power,very long ranges
 Disadvantage: Limited transmit rate
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How Zigbee Works
 Zigbee protocol allows for ad-hoc communication
networks
 This can be used to calculate position by triangulation
using signal strength
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How to Find Cyclist Using Zigbee
 We will use Zigbee Technology to locate the biker
 The following system is just for the Bike Module and Checkpoint
Server
 3 Types of Zigbee Nodes: Mobile, Static and Gateway
 Mobile Nodes (Bike)
 Static Nodes (Network)
 Gateway Node (Checkpoint Server)
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Photo Credit: http://www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/brochure/PositionLocationMonitoring.pdf
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How to Find Cyclist Using Zigbee
 Gateway Node relays a signal to Static nodes
 Static Nodes use triangulation to locate the Mobile
Node
 Static Nodes relays location back to the Gateway Node
 Possibly using MC13224v or CC2431
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Zigbee Time Synchronization
 We are synchronizing all ZigBee nodes with each other
 Beacon best fits with peer-to-peer protocols
 Master-slave communications use time synchronizing
messages through beacons
 Still looking into time syncing protocols
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Photo Credit: http://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdf
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Wi-Fi
 Beaconing and Bi-Directional Communication
 Performs location calculations through a unique
beaconing method
 Full bi-directional Wi-Fi connectivity and security, enabling
it to send and receive information from the network.
 Acknowledgements
 Capable of requesting and receiving acknowledgements
for user initiated data message or telemetry transmission.
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Wi-Fi
 Implementation
 Use existing WIFI system in conjunction with creating
hotspots
 Signal strengths (Using Speedtest.net)
Area
Location
Ping (ms)
Download
(Mbps)
Upload
(Mbps)
1
N
25
13.64
4.60
2
NE
27
13.68
6.66
3
E
27
10.70
1.08
4
SE
None
None
None
5
S
24
15.07
9.61
6
SW
32
1.81
0.14
7
W
31
10.73
7.00
8
NW
28
4.82
5.68
9
Middle
32
2.29
1.37
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Why not RFID?
 Passive
 Range is too short
 Unable to handle multiple units
 Active
 Same power consumption as Zigbee
 Limited transmit rate
 Unable to perform real-time tracking
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Our solution: Zigbee
 Very low power, capable data rate, low cost
 Can Tx data over longer ranges by relaying in a
network
 Max Nodes per Network: 65,000
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Photo Credit:http://www.mouser.com/new/texasinstruments/ticc253x/
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Division of Labor
Jasmine
Claire
Jason
Gabe
Kevin
Julie
Bike Module Rx-Tx
System
P
S
P
Bike Module
Algorithm
S
S
P
Checkpoint System
Rx-Tx System
P
P
S
S
Checkpoint Server
Algorithm
P
S
S
P
Main Server Rx-Tx
System
S
P
Main Server
Algorithm
P
P
S
P
PCB Layout
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P
P
Display Systems
P
P
P = Primary, S = Secondary
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Time Management – Fall
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Time Management – Spring
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Item Name/Description Unit Price
Quantity
Total Amount
Zigbee Static
Processor MC1322
$6
Zigbee Mobile
Processor MC1322
$6
5
$30
Zigbee Gateway Node
MC1322 + MCF520x
$21
2
$42
Antennas Titanis 2.4
GHz Swivel SMA
B4844-01 (Bike)
$33
5
$165
2.4GHz Duck Antenna
RP-SMA WRL-00558
(Nodes/Hub)
$11
36
$396
MSP430
$2
3
$6
Battery (Static and
Gateway Nodes)
$2
36
$72
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$204
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PCB Design
($33 first board
+ $50 Tiling of
7 boards = 1
total board at
$83 each)
$83
6
$498
Node Stand
(PVC) 1" x 5'
$1.61
34
$54.74
LCD Display
20x4 5 Volt
(Bike)
$15
5
$75
Lightweight
Battery
LS14500
$6
5
$30
$200
1
$200
Workstation
Processor/Disp
lay
Total
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$1,772.74
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Risks and Contingency Plans
 Zigbee parts may not be available (first chip CC2431 was not available).

Use different chip (MC13224v).
 Zigbee transmission might have interference

Place more static nodes around course to ensure all areas are covered.
 Zigbee transmission in air may be delayed substantially due to lots of activity
in the channel. (Ex: Wireless Headphones)
 Reduce transmission data packets so that there is less data is in air.
 Certain timing protocols can mess up the ZigBee algorithms

Use alternative timing protocols.
 Unfamiliar interface between Zigbee and wireless transmission of different
means.
 Prototype model.
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Questions?
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Resources
 http://www.specifications.nl/zigbee/zigbee_UK.php
 http://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_sync
h.pdf
 http://www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/broc
hure/PositionLocationMonitoring.pdf
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