Team IPA
Kirill Belyayev
Amjad Chaudhry
Arush Dhawan
Aditya Kaundinya
Bilal Yousufi

 Sensors are placed throughout a car and wirelessly send data back to a central terminal
– Data displayed on LCD
– Zigbee is used to transmit and receive Data
– Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a sensor detects something has fallen below the threshold.

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Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity option ideal for low- power and low data rate applications based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Zigbee devices may run for several years with an original battery because of its low power consumption.
It works well in noisy environments, mesh networking
Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz

 We will use Zigbee technology to measure different components of a car and display the data on a main LCD screen.
– Tire Pressure
– Temperature
– Battery Voltage
– Proximity Sensor
– Fluid Sensor
 If any of the sensors detect a critical level our system will be used to provide audio/visual warnings to the driver.

The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to:
 Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration. We send one digital value from one chip to other chip.
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Send Multiples Values and store them in some database.
A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital
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Display the data on an LCD screen
Our primary goal would be to make this system modular.
– For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the system

 Minimum
– Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that transmits data to a central terminal where it can be displayed on a LCD
 Optimal
– Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee
Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a
LCD

Safety
Increase Reliability
Save Fuel. Increase Efficiency
 A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure will increase fuel consumption between
10% to 15%
 Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by over 25%
 Proper tire inflation will also increase the tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling.
 Other sensors will monitor the different components of the car.

Parking Sensors
Fluids level
Sensors
Tire Pressure
Sensors
Battery voltage sensors
Main Terminal
Keypad
LCD Screen
Speaker
Temperature sensors

 The Final Build will need to be hardened against the elements such as
– Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)
– Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature between -20 °C to 50 °C
» Sensors should have small temperature coefficients or will need compensated based on environmental factors
– Waterproofed

LCD Screen
5V
Car Battery
Buck
Converter
Main Terminal
3.3V
Auto-Off Voltage Sensor

 Battery Drain
– Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too low
– Mechanical Hard Switch when not in use
 Power Surges on Car Start-Up
– Possible Solutions
» Capacitors in parallel with Battery
» UPS Connected to Battery

 We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to power up our system

 The Car Battery will be the main source of power.
 A DC-DC Converter will be used to stepdown to the appropriate voltages
 A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure the the microchips are safe from variations in the battery voltage, temperature, and other environmental factors

 Burst Transmissions
 Development Phase
– Power Adapters
 Final Build
– Main Board will be Connected to Car Battery
– Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered by battery

 Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues
– The Wireless Sensors that are placed throughout the car will need an independent power source
– Sensors’ Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA
» Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V
 Solution: Buck-Boost Converter

PLD
RTC (optional)
Main Terminal
MC13192 2.4 GHz
RF Data Modem
MC9S08GT60
Freescale 8 bit
F-51851
LCD Screen
EEPROM
(optional)
RS 232
DB9
Serial Port
Speaker or buzzer
(+ D/A if required)
Keypad

 OPTREX F-51851
 Graphic Monochrome LCD
 240 x 64 dots
 8 bit parallel

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Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem
MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for baseband operations
Integrated sensors
MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer + MMA1260D 1.5g Z-axis accelerometer
Printed transmit-and-receive antennae
Onboard expansion capabilities for external application- specific development activities
Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and in- circuit hardware debugging
RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming
LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring and control
Connections for nine-volt battery or external power supply
* Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and example SMAC software
* Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and additional downloadable sample applications
* Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for HCS08 special edition * Includes USB HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer
(13192DSK-BDM only) NOTE: Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer for debug and program capability

 We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale
Semicondoctor) as our programming environment.
 The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media-
Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee transceiver.
 We will be writing our code in the C language with the use MAC functions.
 Code will be written for the data transmission/collection and the user interface.

RF
Transmitter
Micro
Controller
Built
Into
Sensor Chip
A/D
Sensor

 Used to warn driver of below-optimal tire pressure.
 GE – NPX-1 sensor
 Battery Supply Voltage – typically 3 V
 Digital output
 450-1400 kPa pressure range

 Used to warn driver of objects when backing out of driveway, etc.
 IR Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK
 4.5 V to 5.5 V operating voltage
 30 mA average current consumption
 10 cm to 80 cm range (4" to 32")

 Can be used to automatically adjust temperature within the car.
 Sensirion - SHT10 sensor
 Temp. accuracy: +/- 0.5°C @ 25 °C
 Calibrated & digital output (2-wire interface)
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Low power consumption (typ. 30 µW)

 A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage of a battery connected to a load.
 A current sensor for detecting a current flowing from the battery to the load.
 Means for collecting the voltage value detected by the voltage sensor and the current value detected by the current sensor every predetermined time.
 The voltage and current values are then transmitted to the main terminal which is then displayed on the LCD screen.
 Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage becomes low (falls below 12V)

Division of Labor
Zigbee Hardware
Main Board
Sensor Implementation
Zigbee Software
Sensor Software
PCB Layout/Soldering
Team Members
Kirill Belyayev Amjad Chaudhry Arush Dhawan Aditya Kaundinya Bilal Yousufi
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Power
Installation X X X
X
X
X
X

Part
Development Kit
Tire Pressure Sensors
Voltage Sensor
Current Sensor
Proximity Sensors
Temperature Sensors
Weather Proof Casing
PCB Boards
Misc Circuit Components
25W Buck Converter
Converters (<1W)
LCD
Keypad
Speaker
Centeral Terminal Case
Batteries
Zigbee Transceivers
Zigbee Microcontrollers
Cost
60
30
10
10
10
10
6
350
25
15
15
10
10
10
100
75
35
10
Quantity Total Cost
10
12
12
1
1
1
1
5
1
6
2
1
1
5
1
1
1
4
Total 1272.00
Remaining -272.00
Supplier
350 Freescale
100 GE
15 Freescale
15 Freescale
60 Freescale
20 Freescale
50
100
75
35
50
60
30
10
10
100
120 Freescale
72 Freescale

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Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time.
– It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology.
For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors depending on how much time we have.
Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) will take significant time to fully understand.

 Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) with Zigbee
– Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in
OBD system that uses sensors all around the car, usually only available to mechanics.
» Not a Standardized System
» Proprietary Software used to download data from sensors.