Capstone PDR
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Group: AquaLung
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Robin Elliott
Greg Newcomb
Wilfredo Oteromatos
Mir Minhaz Ali
Presentation Overview
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Purpose and History of Bronchoscope
System Overview
Hardware Assembly
OS and Image processing software
Time Chart
Estimated Prototype COST
Projected Product Revenue
Technical Challenges
Bronchoscope: An Overview
Bronchoscopy is a procedure to examine
the bronchial tree
Bronchoscope – leading invasive tool for
evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of
disorders of the lung
Catheter – a thin, tube like instrument
inserted into the lungs with a small light
and camera on the tip which transmits
images
Direct Examination, Diagnosis &
Treatment
Allows for removal of obstructions
and foreign bodies
Tissue may be biopsied (removed
for microscopic observation)
Bronchoscope: An Overview
Approximately 460,000 patients per year in U.S.
Diagnosis of
Lung Cancer, Unexplained collapse of the airways (atelectasis),
tracheal narrowing (stenosis), Gastric content aspiration
Treatment of
Lung transplant complications and care, Cystic Fibrosis, AIDS,
Airway inflamation, Injury due to noxious fumes
A Brief History of Bronchoscopy
Gustav Killian (1860-1921)
German Laryngologist
1895 – Experimented with a similar device
Chevalier Jackson (1865-1958)
Professor of Laryngology at the University of Pittsburgh
Invented one of the two main types of bronchoscopes
1903 – Adapted the bronchoscope for use in surgical
procedures
Regarded as the ‘Father of Bronchoscopy’
Modern Bronchoscopy
Camera and lens connected by fiber optics to
either an eyepiece (left) or monitor (below)
Catheter allows for:
•Power for light source
and camera at tip
•Suction to collect
biopsy samples
•Insertion of
instrumentation (ie.
nasotracheal tube)
•direct administration
of drugs to specific
regions of the lung
Comes with some drawbacks…
Contamination, Recalls, Lawsuits
John Hopkins Outbreak
 415 patients exposed to
Pseudomonas bacteria
 100 infected
 2 fatalities
Suspected Causes
Faulty sterilization
Lengthy cleaning
process for the catheter
Contamination in a
loose valve
Results
Product Recall
Costly Litigation
No Clear Solution
for Bronchoscope
makers
New AquaLung Bronchoscope
Problem: Bacteria contaminates the catheter
Solution: Disposable catheter eliminates patient risk
Problem: Lengthy sterilization delay patients and staff
Solution: Simple snap-on/snap-off catheter increases patient
throughput and eliminates hazardous sterilization
chemicals
Problem: Small eyepiece and/or bulky monitors prohibit viable
use in ambulances
Solution: Attaches directly to any Personal Computer with a
USB port, easy user-interface and high portability
Problem: No way to compare patient’s progress
Solution: Save image electronically for future use
System Overview
Image
Camera/lens
Assembly
Preliminary
Preliminary
Processing
Unit Unit
Processing
(PPU)
(PPU)
Fiber
LED
PWR
US
B
USB
P.C.
PC
Imaging System
Camera & Lens Assembly
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Original scope uses miniature
CMOS video (NTSC) camera.
For our prototype we will use
inexpensive CCD objective
system camera.
The other end optical fiber will
connected to super CCD area
image sensor (S9737).
Wavelength 400-1100nm
S9737 CCD sensor is designed
for low light level detection.
Tube and Fiber Assembly
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Standard SMA termination.
7000 Pixels ( 7000 pieces of
fiber inside ) for a clear viewing.
0.5mm diameter glass fiber
imaging bundle enables scope to
bend around .
Actual tube length is 790mm but
for our prototype we will use 1
meter long for inexpensive
termination.
2 high efficiency krypton light
bulbs to illuminate the image.
P.P.U. Layout
A/D
Converter
LED PWR
CCD Logic
CCD
Image
PWR
Par/Ser
USB
Interface
USB
Preliminary Processing Unit
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Optical receiver- obtains input from optical terminator
and pass it to the Analog to Digital converter.
CCD Sensor S9737-01
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Analog to Digital converter- receives signal from
Optical receiver and sends it to the Digital Signal
Processing unit (DSP).
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USB interface (AT89C5131A-M)- sends data (in USB
format) to a PC where the signal will be handled to
capture and manipulate image.
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Miscellaneous-Power for head assembly.
PC Processing
USB
Device
Driver
Operating
System
Image
Processing
Software
User
Interface
Bronchoscope Device Driver
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USB Interface to PC
Plug and Play Capable
Developed by Team AquaLung
Operating System
All software will be developed to use
with Microsoft Windows XP, the
current market leader.
Image Processing Software
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Functionality to Include
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Display Real-Time Image
Zoom In/Zoom Out
Save
Crop and Rotate
Color/Contrast Enhancement
Mechanical Connections
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The following mechanical connections
must be maintained where the catheter
can be detached.
 Power to the LEDs
 Fiber Optic cable to the camera
 A seal along the biopsy channel
must be water-tight
 Cable to control the tip of the scope
Time Chart
Estimated Prototype Cost
Camera/Lens
$800
Fiber Optic Cable
50
Printed Circuit Board
90
Chips
500
USB Cable
10
Labor (We’re FREE!)
Total Cost
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$1,450
Projected Product Revenue
All Amounts in Millions
Estimated Annual Product Revenue
Full System (10,000/year @ $5000)
Catheters (100,000/year @ $300)
$50.0
30.0
Total Revenue
$80.0
Estimated Costs
Rebates on Returned Catheters (@ $200 each)
20.0
Catheter Production
0.8
System Production
6.6
Total Product Costs
Estimated Annual Product Revenue
27.4
$52.6
Technical Challenges
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CCD Sensor extremely sensitive to ESD.
Focusing eye piece onto CCD window.
USB Interfacing.
Mechanical Connection (Air-Tight).
High Complexity Image Processing
Software.
Window’s Device Drivers.
Questions ??
AquaLung Capstone PDR
Thank You!
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Robin Elliott
Greg Newcomb
Wilfredo
Oteromatos
Mir Minhaz Ali