Movement of Labour and Deep
Integration
L Alan Winters
Migration Data
Sussex Database
• Most Comprehensive Database to date
– Globally comparable migration stock data
– Bilateral migration data from 226 countries and
territories
– Based on latest round of Census data 2000/1
– First collection of South-South migration data
– Different versions based on different definitions of
“migrant” – e.g. country of birth, citizenship
Migration Data
Sussex Database
Main findings
• South-North migration 37%, South-South 24% and
North-North 16%
• Intraregional migration is about 55% of total
• Over 50% of international migration takes place
between countries with a common language
• There is a negative relationship between distance and
number of migrants
• Migrants move up the GNI per capita ladder
Migration Trends
Who goes where?
Bilateral Migration Stocks (% of world total)
37
24
16
15
1
4
0
Destination
ut
h
1
So
or
th
2
N
FS
U
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
South
North
FSU
Origin
Migration Trends
Migration Trends
• There is a negative relationship between
migration and distance
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East & N. Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Latin Am. & Caribbean
European Country Groups
EC-6
Belgium, Germany France Italy Luxembourg Monaco
Netherlands
1970s
UK, Ireland, Denmark
1980s
Greece, Spain, Portugal
1990s
Austria, Finland, Sweden
other W Europe
Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Leichenstein
2000s
Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Lithuania
Latvia Malta Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia
non-members
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Republic of Moldova,
the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and
Montenegro
Share of Population Foreign-Born
Share of Population Foreign-Born
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
Rest
0.08
Europe
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
EC-6
1970s
1980s
1990s
other WE
2000s
nonmembers
Shares of EC-6 Immigrants, 2000
Shares of EC-6 Immigrants, 2000
S Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
EC-6
Mid East/N Africa
EU-1970s
Other
EU-1980s
EU-1990s
other W Europe
Former Sov Un
Asia/Pacific
EU-2000s
Americas
Eur FSE
Shares of EU-70 Immigrants, 2000
Shares of EU-1970s' Immigrants, 2000
Sub-Saharan Africa
EC-6
S Asia
Other
EU-1970s
EU-1980s
Mid East/N Africa
EU-1990s
Former Sov Un
other W Europe
Asia/Pacific
Americas
EU-2000s
Eur FSE
Shares of birth citizens emigrating by
destination
Shares of birth citizens emigrating by destination
0.20
0.18
non-m
0.16
2000s
0.14
other WE
0.12
1990s
0.10
1980s
0.08
1970s
0.06
EC-6
0.04
non-Eur
0.02
0.00
EC-6
1970s
1980s
1990s
other W
Europe
2000s
nonmembers
Origins
Migration Intensity
(Xij/X.j)/(Xj./X..)
EC-6
EC-6
2.24
1970s
0.93
1980s
3.84
1990s
2.27
other W Europe
2.74
2000s
1.47
non-members2.41
Destinations
1970s 1980s 1990s other WE
2000s non-m
1.79 2.64 1.88 5.06 1.06 0.94
4.78 1.17 1.04 1.24 0.28 0.61
1.03 1.23 0.51 3.81 0.26 1.03
2.20 1.12 15.92 8.95 1.24 1.37
2.73 5.16 8.02 2.18 0.26 1.30
1.28 1.54 4.26 1.05 7.22 1.70
0.51 3.55 7.15 5.28 1.61 12.86
Skills Mix of Immigrants from
Developing Countries
Migrants from Developing Countries in 2000(Mil.)
25
20
15
10
5
0
Australia+Canada
Europe
Others
Tertiary
USA