Matakuliah
Tahun
: U0062/Strategi Manajemen Persuasi
: 2006
Teori Gestalt
Pertemuan 8
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Gestalt Theory
• Gestalt Theory is a theory of mind and
brain that proposes that the operational
principle of the brain is holistic, parallel,
and analog, with self-organizing
tendencies.
• This is in contrast to the "atomistic"
principle of operation of the digital
computer, where every computation is
broken down into a sequence of simple
steps, each of which is computed
independently of the problem as a whole.
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*sumber: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology
Gestalt Theory
The Gestalt effect refers to the formforming capability of our senses,
particularly with respect to the visual
recognition of figures and whole forms
instead of just a collection of simple lines
and curves.
• The most basic rule of gestalt is the law of
prägnanz. This law says that we try to
experience things in as good a gestalt way
as possible.
In this sense, "good" can mean several
things, such as regular, orderly, simplistic,
symmetrical, etc. The other gestalt laws
are:
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Gestalt Theory
•
Law of Closure - Our mind adds
missing elements to complete a figure.
• Law of Similarity - Our mind groups
similar elements to an entity. The
similarity depends on form, color, size
and brightness of the elements.
Law of Closure
Law of Similarity
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Gestalt Theory
• Law of Proximity - Regional or
chronological closeness of elements
are grouped by our mind and seen
as belonging together.
• Law of Symmetry - Symmetrical
images are seen as belonging
together regardless of their distance.
Law of Proximity
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Gestalt Theory
• Law of Continuity - The mind continues
a pattern, even after it stops.
• Law of Common Fate - Elements with
the same moving direction are seen as
a unit.
• Figure-ground minds have an innate
tendency to perceive one aspect of an event
as the figure or foreground and the other as
the ground or the background.
• Under the gestalt theory, these laws not only
apply to images, but to thought processes,
memories, and our understanding of time.
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Gestalt Theory
• Examples of the Gestalt experience include
the perception of an incomplete circle as a
whole or a pattern of dots as a shape - the
mind completes the missing pieces through
extrapolation. Studies also indicate that
simple elements/compositions where the
meaning is directly perceived do not offer as
much a challenge to the mind as complex
ones and hence the latter are preferred over
the former.
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Gestalt Theory
Hukum-hukum Gestalt :
• Hukum Kedekatan (law of proximity):
hal-hal yang saling berdekatan dalam
waktu atau tempat cenderung dianggap
sebagai suatu totalitas.
• Hukum Ketertutupan (law of closure):
hal-hal yang cenderung menutup akan
membentuk kesan totalitas tersendiri.
• Hukum Kesamaan (law of equivalence):
hal-hal yang mirip satu sama lain,
cenderung kita persepsikan sebagai
suatu kelompok atau suatu totalitas.
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