Matakuliah : V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan
Pariwisata
Tahun
: 2008
History and Development of Tourism
(Sejarah dan Perkembangan Pariwisata)
Week 2
Subject
• Early beginning (Asal-usul pariwisata)
• Early (and later) tourist attractions (Asal mula atraksi
wisata)
• The first travel agent (Agen perjalanan pertama)
• Early transportation (Asal mula transportasi)
• Accommodation (Akomodasi)
• Past, present and future trends in the travel industry
(Trend industri pariwisata: dulu, kini dan masa depan)
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History and Development of Tourism
Week 2
Objectives:
On completion of this lesson, the students will be
able to explain the long haul travel via land and
sea in the early beginnings, and to explain the
evolution of traveling ( from the individual
travel to mass travel)
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History of Tourism
Week 2
• In the olden days there was already some travel, but the
volume was very small and entirely was purposeful (for
serious purposes: war, pilgrimage, trade)
• Travel for recreation is a recent invention
• In the medieval period (about 1000 AD to 1400 AD) most
population lived in agricultural communities; they were
static – rarely moved from their dwelling places
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History of Tourism
Week 2
• In the 18th century, with the beginning of the industrial
revolution, when industry started to develop rapidly, the
rich elite class alone enjoyed travel and leisure, while the
workers always stayed with their works.
• As industrialization got underway and population and
wealth grew, tourism expanded. It was stimulated by
leisure time, money and interest (the principal
determinants of demand for leisure travel)
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History of Tourism
Week 2
• The further tourism development was greatly influenced
by the improvements in transport which ensured cheap
and safe travel and reduction in journey time.
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Early Beginnings
Week 2
• The invention of money (facilitating business transactions),
and the wheel by the Sumerians (Mesopotamia,
Babylonia) as well as the cruise conducted from Egypt and
the concept of guide created by the Egyptians, all
occurred about 5000 years ago, mark the beginning of
documented travel beginnings.
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Early Tourist Attractions
Week 2
• Since the ancient times, sightseeing has always been the
major activity in tourism.
• Tourists in those times traveled by land or by sea to faraway places to enjoy tourist attractions, which mostly
constitute temples and monuments which now, a few of
them, are listed as the great wonders of the world
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Early Tourist Attractions
Week 2
• The pyramids (the burial tombs) in Egypt were the earliest
outdoor great wonder in the world. They were built by
pharaohs beginning in 2700 BC, by using the abundant
stone in the Nile.
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Early Tourist Attractions
Week 2
• The other wonders of the ancient world include:
– The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (now Iraq)
– The Tomb of Mausolus of Halicarnus (now
Turkey)
– The Statue of Zeus at Olympia in Greece
– The Colossus of Rhodesian in the Rhodes
Island, Greece
– The Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in Alexandria,
Egypt
– The Temple of Artemis (Temple of Diana at
Ephesus in Greece) – (now Turkey)
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Games
Week 2
• Beginning in 776 BC, citizens of the countries
of the Mediterranian Sea come together every
4 years to the Olympic Games in Athens to
honor Zeus through athetic competition.
• Besides the Olympic Games there were other
great festivals such as Pythian Games,
Isthmian Games and Nemean Games.
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Spas, Baths, Seaside Resorts
Week 2
• Spas were first created by the Romans
• In the 18th century spas were much frequented by
members of high society.
• They were designed not only for their creative aspects but
also for social events.
• Spas were designed and organized to be not only as
health centers but also as social resorts where the rich
enjoyed entertainments, games, dancing and gambling.
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Spas, Baths, Seaside Resorts
Week 2
• Sea bathing were also popular. Visitors to these sea
resorts were still limited to those with considerable means.
• They visited the sea resorts for their therapeutic value.
Besides sea resorts they also visited places where
mineral springs were known to exist.
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Spas, Baths, Seaside Resorts
Week 2
• Sea bathing were also popular. Visitors to these sea
resorts were still limited to those with considerable means.
• They visited the sea resorts for their therapeutic value.
Besides sea resorts they also visited places where
mineral springs were known to exist.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Early Roads
• In Persia (now Iran) first road were constructed
between 500 and 400 BC, to connect cities and
provinces to the capital. One of the roads was
1,500 miles long.
• In India well developed roads were constructed in
300 BC.
• The Romans started building elaborate roads in
150 BC, The Romans Roads comprised a network
of 50,000 miles, extending from Scotland and
Germany in the north to Egypt and other countries
along the southern shores of the Mediterranian
Sea.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Early Roads
• The early roads were mainly used by the
military, government officials and caravans
(merchants and pilgrims).
• Later, roads were also used by tourists who
journeyed to see temples and monuments,
like pyramids in Egypt, and other tourist
attractions.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Early Ships and Water Excursion
• The Phoenicians (Phoenix, now Lebanon) were the first
creators of the maritime power. They built ships and in 800
BC they had already built a network of trading posts
around the Mediterranean.
• They acted as middlemen for their neighbours, purveying
raw materials and finished goods from/ to Egypt, Nubia,
Sardinia, Sicily, the East and their homeland.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Early Ships and Water Excursion
• The Greeks followed the Phoenicians in becoming great
sea traders. They improved ships, accellerating the
Mediterranean trade and carrying passengers.
• With the invention of steamboats in the early 19th century,
steamboat excursions were established.
• By 1815 steamboats were playing the Avons and the
Thames carrying passengers on excursion trips from
London.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Rail Travel
• Railways were first built in England in 1825 and began
carrying passengers from Liverpool to Manchester in
1830.
• The fare was only 1 penny per mile (=1.6 km) and the
speed was 18 miles (=29 km) per hour. It is cheaper and
faster than the stagecoach, therefore rail travel created a
great demand.
• It was quickly and widely excepted even by those with
low income.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Rail Travel
• Railways expanded rapidly in Britain, in the rest of Europe
and in North America. Between 1826 and 1840 the first
railroads were built in the United States.
• In 1841 Thomas Cook introduced the first railway
excursion trips in England.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Automobile and Motorcoach Travel
• In 1908 Henry Ford, US automobile manufacturer,
introduced his famous model T, marking the entry of
automobiles into the travel scene.
• It revolutionized travel in the country, creating a demand
for better roads. Shortly, it achieved dominance in the
travel industry. It is now the mode of travel for about 80%
of all trips.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Air Travel
• Airplane’s first flight took place in 1903 at Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina, US (by the Wright Brothers)
• Nearly 16 years later regular scheduled air service began
in Germany, conducted by the German airline, now known
as Deutsche Lufthansa, one of the major international
airlines.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Air Travel
• In the US, the first airplane’s regular flight was made by
Varner Airlines in 1926. Eleven days later Western Airlines
began service.
• Later, Varner merged with 3 other airlines to form United
Airlines. All these lines only provided scheduled airmail
services.
• At first, only one passenger was allowed to be carried in
addition to the mail, if the weight limitations permitted.
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Early Transportation
Week 2
Air Travel
• The first international mail route was flown by Pan
American Airways from Florida to Havana in October 28,
1927.
• The trip took 1 hour 10 minutes,
• Pan Am flew the first passengers on the same route one
year later; the fair was $50 each way.
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The First Travel Agents
Week 2
• In 1822, Robert Smart of Bristol, England announced himself as
the first steamship agent. He book passengers on steamers to
various parts along Bristol Channel and to Dublin, Ireland.
• In 1841, Thomas Cook introduced the first package tours (train
excursion) from Leicester to Loughborough (England). He is
recognized as the first railway excurtion agent.
• Cook’s company grew rapidly; it provided escorted tours to the
Continent and later to the US and around the world.
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The First Travel Agents
Week 2
• Cook pioneered the supply of the “whole travel package”,
covering transport, accommodation and activity at a desired
destination.
• He was the agent of principle suppliers of transport,
accommodation and attractions.
• He offered packaged group tours as well as individual inclusive
tours.
• He published tour guidebooks that were highly valued.
• Thomas Cook continues to be one of the world’s largest travel
organizations.
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Early Days Accommodation
Week 2
• Cook pioneered the supply of the “whole travel package”,
covering transport, accommodation and activity at a desired
destination.
• He was the agent of principle suppliers of transport,
accommodation and attractions.
• He offered packaged group tours as well as individual inclusive
tours.
• He published tour guidebooks that were highly valued.
• Thomas Cook continues to be one of the world’s largest travel
organizations.
Bina Nusantara
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The Early Days’ Accommodation
Week 2
• By 2000 BC there were already inns and taverns in the
Middle East and the Orient (South East Asia, Central
Asia).
• A considerable amount of trade had developed among
people in these regions.
• Many of them earned their living from trade.
• On their long distance business trips they needed places
to rest, eat and stay.
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The Early Days’ Accommodation
Week 2
• In the 1800s in the US, many city residents who could not
afford private homes lived in hotels that were located near the
places where they worked or had businesses.
• Many hotels were occupied by permanent residents. They were
no apartments as we know them today.
• In those days, hotels were the finest and most splendid
structure in the cities. In big cities hotels featured such
amenities as barbershops, libraries, billiard rooms, hair salons,
ticket offices, florists, massage and even 24-hour dining
service.
Bina Nusantara
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The Early Days’ Accommodation
Week 2
• Hotels became social centers, the setting for banquets, dances
and political events. They were, hence, dubbed “Palace of the
Public”. They became self-sufficient cities within cities.
• The first truly grand luxurious hotel in America was the
Tremond Hotel in Boston. It was opened in October 1829. It
was the first hotel to have: bellboys, front desk clerks, carpeted
lobby and restaurant, inside toilets, and washbowls and pitcher
in rooms.
• It was 3 stories high and had 170 guest rooms.
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The Early Days’ Accommodation
Week 2
• In Europe, hotels developed faster. Luxury hotels were found more in
Europe than in the US during the 19th century.
• There were Grand Hotel in Rome, the Ritz in Paris and the Savoy in
London.
• In the US the first luxury hotel was Waldorf in New York City, built by
the end of the 19th century. It design and amenities copied those of the
European hotels.
• In the early 20th century a typical luxury hotel offered amenities such
as steam heat, electric call bells and bath and closet on every floor.
• In 1934, the Statler Hotel in Detroit had central air-conditioning for
every public room.
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THANK YOU AND
HAVE A GOOD DAY
Bina Nusantara
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