Matakuliah :G0332/English Phonology
Tahun
: 2007
Strong and Weak Syllable
Pertemuan 7
Strong and Weak
• Strong and weak syllable have the following
characteristics:
• STRONG SYLLABLE:
- stressed
- pronounced longer
- have one vowel phoneme as its peak
3
Bina Nusantara
Strong and Weak Syllable
• WEAK SYLLABLE:
- unstressed
- pronounced shorter
- have four types of peak:
* the vowel ә
* a close front unrounded vowel i: and I
* a close back rounded vowel u: and u
* a syllabic consonant
4
Bina Nusantara
Vowel ə (schwa)
SPELLING STRONG
PRONUNCIATION
SAMPLE WORDS
‘a’
‘æ’
Attend, barracks, character
‘ar’
‘α’
Particular, molar, monarchy
‘ate’
‘ei’
Intimate, accurate, desolate, private
‘o’
‘o’
Tomorrow, carrot, potato
‘or’
‘o:’
Forget, ambassador, opportunity
‘e’
Settlement, violet, postmen
‘er’
‘e’
‘ɜ:’
‘u’
‘ʌ’
Autumn, support, halibut
Bina Nusantara
Perhaps, superman, stronger
Close Front and Close Back Vowels
SPELLING
SAMPLE WORDS
Final ‘y’ or ‘ey’
Happy, valley,
Prefix ‘re’,’pre’,’’de’
React, preoccupied, deactivate
Suffixes ‘ious’ ‘iate’
Appreciate, hilarious
Pronouns
He, she, we, me, be, the
Bina Nusantara
Syllabic consonants
1. Syllabic consonant /l/
• With alveolar consonant preceding [tl,dl, sl, zl,nl]
• Ex.: cattle , bottle, wrestle, muddle
• With non-alveolar preceding [bl, pl, gl,kl]
• Ex. : couple, struggle, trouble, knuckle.
2. Syllabic consonant [n]
•
Ex.: happen, seven, threaten, thicken
3. Syllabic consonant [r]
• Ex.: history, wanderer.
Bina Nusantara
Weak and strong form
STRONG
WEAK
Occur at the end of the sentence
Occur in the middle of the
It is contrasted with another word
coordinated preposition
It is not contrasted
Given stress for emphasis
unstressed
It is being ‘cited’ or ‘quoted’
It is not ‘cited’ or quoted’
Bina Nusantara
Common Weak Forms
• The function words that have weak form are the
following:
–
–
–
–
–
Bina Nusantara
ARTICLE: a, an, the
CONJUNCTION: and, but, than
PRONOUNS: her, your, she, he, we, you, him, her, them, us
PREPOSITION : at, for, from, of, to, some, there
AUXILIARY: can, could, have, has, had, shall, should, must, do,
does, am, are, was, were