The role of Higher Education in
creating Louisiana’s Future
Jim Purcell, Commissioner
LOUISIANA BOARD OF REGENTS
BOARD OF REGENTS FOCUS
Three Main Goals
• To increase the education attainment of its
citizens;
• To invest strategically in university research;
and
• To become a more efficient and accountable
enterprise.
2
State Funding for Higher Education
33
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
Ed Barlow, Futurist
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
1. Implement a series of initiatives that expedite the
number of degrees produced and the speed at
which degrees are produced.
2. Enhance the production of degrees in high –
demand programs that are needed for the
modern Louisiana economy.
3. Give students incentives to complete a degree and
to work in Louisiana.
Louisiana’s Public Colleges and Universities
LSU Health Sciences
Center - Shreveport
Bossier Parish
Community College
Louisiana Tech
University
Grambling State
University
University of Louisiana
Monroe
Louisiana Technical College
(7 colleges statewide)
Louisiana Delta
Community College
Southern
University- Shreveport
LSU - Alexandria
LSU-Shreveport
Louisiana State
University
Northwestern
State University
Southern
University
Baton Rouge
Community College
Southeastern Louisiana
University
McNeese State
University
University of New Orleans
SOWELA Technical
Community College
LSU - Eunice
South Louisiana
Community College
University of Louisiana
Lafayette
Fletcher Technical
Community College
Nicholls State
University
River Parishes
Community College
Delgado
Community College
Southern University
Nunez
New Orleans
Community College
LSU Health Sciences
Center - New Orleans
All Regions
Total 72.8%
Legend
Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
First-Time Freshman Enrollment Mix
100%
90%
80%
79%
70%
56%
60%
50%
44%
40%
30%
20%
10%
21%
0%
Fall
2000
Fall
2001
Fall
2002
Fall
2003
Four-Year
Fall
2004
Fall
2006
Fall
2007
Fall
2008
Fall
2009
Two-Year/Technical
Fall
2010
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Slate.com
43
22%
9.7%
44
A Little History of the World
E. H. Gombrich
• Anyone who owned a mechanical loom could, with
the help of one or two assistants – perhaps his wife
and children – do more work than a hundred trained
weavers.
• So whatever became of all the weavers in a town
into which a mechanical loom was introduced? . . .
they woke up one day to discover that they weren’t
needed any more. Everything it had taken them
years to learn, first as apprentices and then as
journeymen, was useless.
Compression of wages
Restructuring of the economy
Those that adapt flourish
Those that could not . . .
45
• Sunday, November 7, 2011 a Fareed Zakaria GPS primetime special –
“Restoring the American Dream: Fixing Education”. The show airs at 8p
and 11p ET/PT.
• While America was once tops in education, we are now ranked 15th in
reading, 23rd in science, and 31st in math.
• What happened? How can we dig ourselves out of this deep hole?
• In 1970, 74% of the middle class
had a high school diploma or less
education.
• In 2007, only 39% of middle class
had a high school diploma or less
education.
• Middle Class:
– Family income range from
35,000 to 91,000
• Help Wanted – Projections of
Jobs and Education
Requirements through 2018.
Carnevale, Smith and Strohl
• “postsecondary education has
become the gatekeeper to the
middle class and the upper
class”
Nationally, 60% of jobs will require a
postsecondary credential by 2018.
What was said about Louisiana:
• By 2018, more than 50% of jobs
will require a postsecondary
credential. Louisiana currently has
a workforce with less than half of
what will be needed.
• Unless there are systemic changes,
in 2018 Louisiana will:
• rank 6th in the nation in the percentage
of jobs for high school dropouts;
• rank 5th in the nation in the percentage
of jobs for high school graduates;
• rank 50th in the nation for jobs
requiring an associate degree;
• rank 45th in the nation in the
percentage of jobs for college
graduates;
• rank 47th in the nation in the
percentage of jobs for people with
graduate degrees and . . .
• rank next to last in the percent of Jobs
Requiring Postsecondary Education.
We are at a turning point. Louisiana has to
decide whether to do a better job at educating
its people or serve as a great conveniently
located source for cheap labor.
What is our collective vision of what Louisiana
will look like in the future?
State Per Capita Personal Income v. Share of Adult
Population with Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2008)
DC
No state with a low
proportion of Bachelor’s
degrees has a high per
capita income.
$38,000
$36,000
$34,000
CT
NJ
Per Capita Income
$32,000
$30,000
MD
MA
VA
NY NH
DE
$28,000
AK
$26,000
NV
CA
IL
RI
MN
WA
VT
CO
No state with a high
proportion of Bachelor’s
degrees has a low per
capita income.
WI FL
MI
PA
HI
ME GA
IA
OR KS
MO
AZ
OH
NC
NE
ND
TX
MT
SD
SC
UT
NM
WY
$24,000
IN
TN
AL
$22,000
KY
$20,000
WV
AR
LA
OK
ID
$18,000
MS
$16,000
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Percentage of Adult Population with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2006
53
Arkansas
Louisiana
Nevada
West Virginia
New Mexico
Alaska
Oklahoma
Arizona
Tennessee
Texas
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Georgia
Idaho
South Carolina
Wyoming
Florida
California
Delaware
Indiana
Maine
Michigan
Montana
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Missouri
Utah
Washington
Wisconsin
Colorado
Hawaii
Kansas
Virginia
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Nebraska
South Dakota
Vermont
Maryland
Connecticut
Iowa
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Minnesota
New York
North Dakota
Massachusetts
Current percentage of young adults
(25-34) with a college degree3
55%
30%
3
53%
50%
45%
40%
35%
28%
25%
20%
15%
10%
“College degree” means an associate degree, bachelor’s degree, or higher. National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS), 2008
54 (from
U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample File.) http://www.higheredinfo.org
La. given ‘F’ in skilled workers
Advocate business writer
• The number and quality of skilled workers in
Louisiana is dismal, according to a recent report
evaluating the state’s manufacturing abilities.
• The 2011 Manufacturing and Logistics National
Report by the Center for Business and Economic
Research at Ball State University in Indiana gave
Louisiana a failing grade in the important area of
“human capital.”
• All 50 states were included in the study.
Cities such as San Antonio, Texas, for
instance, ranked as the nation’s
“strongest performing,” according to
Brookings’ MetroMonitor, with
Oklahoma City and Tulsa; Austin,
Houston, Dallas and McAllen, Texas;
Little Rock, Arkansas; Baton Rouge,
Louisiana; and Omaha, Nebraska,
rounding out the top ten.
56
Time and Place
Those individuals, families, cities, states and –
increasingly—countries with the most
education are prospering, while those with the
least higher education are experiencing relative
and often absolute economic decline.
--Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY, June 2005.
For people and communities to thrive in the
new economy they will need to have access to
a good college and good health care.
Top 25 Cities for
College Graduates
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
compiled by The
Fayetteville, NC
Daily Beast published
Omaha, Neb.
by Newsweek.
Oklahoma City, OK
Austin, TX
Houston, TX
Lexington, KY
Durham, NC
Dallas, TX
Tulsa, OK
Little Rock, AR
Savannah, GA
Washington D.C.
Boston, MA
Corpus Christi, TX
Baton Rouge, LA
New Orleans, LA
Des Moines, Iowa
Columbus, OH
Stanford, Conn.
Shreveport, LA
Seattle, WA
Albany, NY
San Antonio, TX
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Honolulu, Hawaii
Percent of Parish Population With Bachelors and
Higher---25 and older
State Average
20.64%
20.0% - 32.2%
12.0% - 19.9%
8.3%- 11.9%
Source: Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Survey
75% of persons
with bachelor’s
live in 8 parishes
61
• Strengthening the
Education Pipeline
Kids less likely to graduate than parents
Education Trust:
Your child is less
likely to graduate
from high school
than you were.
msnbc.com
2008
98-99 Louisiana 9th Grader’s Progression into
High School and College (percent)
Fall 2003 LA College Freshmen
100%
63%
36%
31%
25%
12%
9th Grade High School Enrolled
First-time
Retained Graduated
Enrollment
Grads
Directly into Full-time After 1 Year Within 6
College
Degree
Years
Seeking
Cohort
0.5%
11%
With
Associate
Degree
With
Bachelor
Degree
98-99 Louisiana 9th Grader’s Progression into
High School and College (number)
40,000
Fall 2003 LA College Freshmen
73,339
46,308
26,677
22,984
18,406
8,458
9th Grade High School Enrolled
First-time
Retained Graduated
Enrollment
Grads
Directly into Full-time After 1 Year Within 6
College
Degree
Years
Seeking
Cohort
345
8,182
With
Associate
Degree
With
Bachelor
Degree
Local Imperative
•81% of Louisianans were born in Louisiana
•The local population will be your workforce
•Student preparation for college/work is key
•Local support for local students is needed
•Getting adults with with some college to
complete their degree can be a strong
mechanism for building local communities
•Stewards of the community
Employment Rate by Degree Level
Eighteen Months after Graduation - For All Completers
100%
90%
80%
70%
56.4%
67.6%
72.5%
59.5%
60%
60.5%
50.4%
50%
38.3%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Certificate
Diploma
Associate
Bachelor's
2006-07
Master's
2007-08
Doctoral Professional
2008-09
Figure 5
Employment Rate by Field of Study
Eighteen Months after Graduation - For 2008-09 Bachelor’s Degree Completers
Health Professions
Education
Engineering Technologies
Family & Consumer Sciences
Public Admin. & Social Service
Transportation & Materials Moving
Business, Management, Marketing
Liberal Arts & Sci; General Studies
Security & Protective Services
Personal & Culinary Services
Natural Resources & Conservation
Architecture
Communication, Journalism
Agriculture, Agriculture Operations
Computer & Information Sciences
Psychology
Social Sciences
History
Visual & Performing Arts
English Language & Literature
Engineering
Mathematics and Statistics
Legal Professions
Foreign Languages, Literatures
Parks, Recreation, Leisure, Fitness
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
Physical Sciences
Philosophy & Religious Studies
70%
69%
68%
67%
67%
64%
63%
62%
61%
61%
61%
57%
57%
56%
53%
53%
53%
52%
52%
52%
52%
47%
47%
44%
43%
41%
38%
34%
29%
0%
10%
20%
30%
% Found Employed in LA
30%
31%
32%
33%
33%
36%
37%
38%
39%
39%
39%
43%
43%
44%
47%
47%
47%
48%
48%
48%
48%
53%
53%
56%
57%
59%
62%
66%
71%
40%
50%
60%
% Not Found Employed in LA
70%
80%
90%
100%
Figure 7
Employment Rate by Residency Status
Eighteen Months after Graduation - For All Completers
(Collective 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09)
80%
73.9%
69.2%
68.8%
70%
63.8%
60.9%
60%
55.4%
53.0%
50%
40%
30%
27.0%
28.4%
26.8%
22.3%
20%
22.7%
20.3%
15.4%
10%
0%
Certificate
Diploma
Associate
Bachelor's
Louisiana Residents
Master's
Non-Residents
Doctoral
Professional
Table 5
Average Calculated Salary by Degree Level
For All Employed Completers
Eighteen Months after Graduation
Max Degree Level
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
As a result of the
recession,
compression of wages
for new hires has
occurred.
Certificate
$23,000
$24,778
$23,622
Diploma
$30,607
$30,062
$28,530
Associate
$37,799
$37,425
$35,544
Bachelor
$35,099
$34,115
$32,742 The trend in other
Master
$48,737
$49,644
$48,016
Doctoral
$59,863
$60,655
$61,023
Professional
$65,368
$67,315
$66,786
states show that at
five years in the
workforce, bachelor’s
degree recipients will
earn more, on
average, than
associates.
Average Calculated Salary by Field of Study
Eighteen Months after Graduation - For 2008-09 Bachelor’s Degree
Completers
Engineering
Health Professions
Engineering Technologies
Education
Natural Resources & Conservation
Computer & Information Sciences
Business, Management, Marketing
Architecture
Liberal Arts & Sci; General Studies
Agriculture, Agriculture Operations
Transportation & Materials Moving
Physical Sciences
Mathematics and Statistics
Philosophy & Religious Studies
Public Admin. & Social Service
Security & Protective Services
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
History
Foreign Languages, Literatures
Parks, Recreation, Leisure, Fitness
Family & Consumer Sciences
Personal & Culinary Services
Social Sciences
English Language & Literature
Communication, Journalism
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Visual & Performing Arts
Psychology
Legal Professions
$10,000
$56,853
$46,537
$43,787
$38,415
$34,605
$34,238
$32,326
$30,949
$29,055
$28,640
$27,461
$27,309
$27,229
$26,506
$26,237
$26,092
$25,740
$25,510
$25,144
$24,839
$24,323
$24,170
$23,866
$23,785
$23,572
$23,314
$22,418
$21,580
$21,420
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Average Calculated Salary by Field of Study
For 2008-09 Associate Degree Completers
Field Of Study
Number of
Completers
Wages Eighteen Months
after Graduation
Agriculture, Agriculture Operations
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Business, Management, Marketing
Communication, Journalism
Communications Technologies
Computer & Information Sciences
Education
Engineering Technologies
Family & Consumer Sciences
Foreign Languages, Literatures
Health Professions
Legal Professions
Liberal Arts & Sci; General Studies
Mechanic & Repair Technologies
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
Natural Resources & Conservation
Personal & Culinary Services
Physical Sciences
Security & Protective Services
Visual & Performing Arts
2
2
429
12
26
88
53
396
52
6
957
19
555
20
22
4
32
3
161
39
--$25,347
$20,305
$17,928
$28,531
$25,993
$49,112
$18,149
-$46,784
$28,572
$23,584
$36,430
$19,352
-$27,178
-$30,031
$19,001
Oklahoma
Arkansas
• El Dorado Promise provides up to five years of funds for
undergraduate post-secondary education for students
entering college immediately following high school
– paid based on length of attendance in the El Dorado Public
School District.
• Arkadelphia Promise
– pays the difference between what the Arkansas Academic
Challenge Scholarship pays toward college and mandatory
tuition and fees at public Arkansas colleges and universities
• Great River Promise
– The Great River Promise provides gap scholarship funding
for graduates of high schools in Phillips County to attend
Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas
(PCCUA).
civic involvement
volunteer activity by
education levels
50%
45.6% (60 hours)
B.A. or Higher
Percentage Volunteering
40%
34.1%
(52 hours)
Some College
30%
21.7%
(48 hours)
20%
10%
9.9%
(48 hours)
High School
Diploma
Less Than High
School Diploma
0%
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). Volunteering in the United States, 2003. USDL03-888. U.S. Department of Labor.
civic involvement
blood donation by
education level, 1994:
percentage who donate regularly
Percentage Donating Blood
20%
17%
13%
15%
11%
B.A. or Higher
Some College
High School
Diploma
10%
6%
5%
Less Than High
School Diploma
0%
Source: DBD Worldwide. (2000). DBD Lifestyle Survey. Chicago. Available at www.bowlingalone.com
government
participation assistance programs
education level
24.3%
Less Than High
School Diploma
10.2%
High School
Diploma
4.6%
Some College
& Bachelor’s
Degree or More
Ever Participated in Assistance Programs
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, May 28, 1997, pg 47.
government
incarceration rates by
education levels
2.5%
Percentage Incarcerated
2.0%
1.9%
Less Than High
School Diploma
1.5%
1.2%
1.0%
0.5%
High School
Diploma
0.3%
Some College
0.0%
0.1%
B.A. or Higher
Source: Harlow, C.W. (2003). Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics,
Department of Justice. NCJ195670.
economic
Percent Below Poverty
Threshold, 2004
Percentage Home Ownership
40%
32%
30%
Less Than High
School Diploma
20%
15%
10%
High School
Diploma
10%
Some College
0%
Census Bureau
4%
B.A. or Higher
economic
unemployment rates and
education level, 2004
9.7%
10
Less Than High
School Diploma
8
6
7.5%
High School
Diploma
5.1%
Some College
4
2
0
Source: Employment Policy Institute
4.6%
B.A. or Higher
Quality of Life
Home Ownership
80%
Percentage Home Ownership
75%
B.A. or Higher
69%
70%
60%
High School
Diploma
58%
Less Than High
School Diploma
50%
Census Bureau, American Housing Survey for the United States:2005
66%
Some College
Safety
Seatbelt Use
while intoxicated, 1990
percentage who use seatbelt
78%
Percentage Donating Blood
80%
66%
B.A. or Higher
60%
52%
40%
39%
Less Than High
School Diploma
20%
Some College
41%
15%
0%
Source: American Journal of Public Health
High School
Diploma
31%
20%
175
125
Income ($000)
Average family
income
by educational
attainment,
2003
150
100
75
50
25
Source: Postsecondary Education
Opportunity, 2005
0
LT-9 9-12 HSG Some
AA
BA
College
MA
PhD
Prof
The Impact of Education on Individuals:
Lifetime Earnings
Estimated
Lifetime
Earnings
Difference
Compared to
High School Graduate
Less than 9th grade
$976,350
-$478,903
High school dropout
1,150,698
-304,555
High school graduate
1,455,253
0
Some college, no degree
1,725,822
270,569
Associate degree
1,801,373
346,120
Bachelor's degree
$2,567,174
$1,111,921
Master's degree
2,963,076
1,507,823
Doctorate
3,982,577
2,527,324
Professional degree
5,254,193
3,798,940
Education Level
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2005
At the end of WWII, the U.S made
a bold decision to invest in the
future of its economy by providing
$1.9 billion annually to the
education of returning veterans of
the war. This commitment to
human capital helped enable the
WWII generation to become the
“greatest generation.”
Possibly, this state’s greatest
generation is at the
schoolhouse door waiting for
the opportunity to propel your
state into the global economy.