Matakuliah
Tahun
: L0182 / Web & Animation Design
: 2008
Text and Image
Pertemuan 01
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• Menunjukkan penggunaan Text dan Image pada Aplikasi
Multimedia
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Outline Materi
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Definition
Fonts effects
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Text
Hypertext
Bitmap and Raster Images
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Images
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Text
• Text is the form of words, sentences and paragraphs is
used to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly
every aspect of our lives.
• Text elements :
– Alphabet characters : A - Z
– Numbers : 0 - 9
– Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or Symbols [* &
^ % $ £ ! /\ ~ # @ .…]
• Multimedia products depends on text for many things :
– To explain how the multimedia products work
– To guide the user in navigating through the multimedia products
– To deliver the information for which the multimedia products was
designed
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Typefaces and Fonts
• Typefaces : a family of graphics characters that usually
includes may type sizes and styles.
• Fonts : a collection of characters of a single size and
style belonging to a particular typeface family.





Ascender
Descender
Leading
Tracking
Kerning
: an upstroke on a character
: the down stroke below the baseline of a character
: spacing above and below a font or Line spacing
: spacing between characters
: space between pairs of characters, usually as an overlap
for improvement appearance
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Tracking, Kerning, and Leading
Av Av
Unkerned
Leading
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Kerned
Reading Line One
Reading Line One
Fonts Effects
• A numbers of effects that are useful for bringing viewer’s attention to
content :
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Case : UPPER and lower letter
Bold, Italic, Underline, superscript or subscript
Embossed or Shadow
Colours
• Font Anatomy
Serif
Mean line
I D xhp
Ascender
Point
size
Cap
height
X-height
Baseline
Shoulder
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Counter
Set
width
Descender
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Text
• Advantages
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Is relatively inexpensive to produce
Present abstract ideas effectively
Clarifies other media
Provides confidentiality
Is easily changed or updated
• Disadvantages
– Is less memorable than other visual media
– Requires more attention from the user than other media
– Can be cumbersome
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Hypertext
• Hypertext is a computer-based text retrieval system that
enables a user to access particular locations in web
pages or other electronic documents.
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A
B
C
D
E
F
Image
• Image is a visual representation of some information that
can be displayed on a computer screen or printed out.
• Images come in a variety of forms :
– Photographs
– Paintings
– Maps, etc.
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Image Types
• Images can be generally divided into two formats :
– Bitmap or Raster images
– Draw-type or Vector graphics or Metafile images
• A bitmap is a data matrix that describes the
characteristics of all the pixels making up an image.
• A vector graphics is the creation of digital images
through a sequence of commands or mathematical
statements that place lines and shapes in a given twodimensional or three-dimensional space.
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Bitmap Images
• Each pixel in the image contains information about the
color to be displayed. Each pixel can be in a specific
colour and each pixel consists of two or more colours.
• The range of these colours is known as the colour depth.
Colour depth is measured in bits per pixel.
• More colour per pixel  bigger image size
• Bitmap images have a fixed resolution and cannot be
resized without losing image quality.
• Common bitmap-based formats are JPEG, GIF, TIFF,
PNG, PICT, and BMP.
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Colour Depth
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1 bit per pixel = 2 colours
(monochrome)
2 bits per pixel = 4 colours
4 bits per pixel = 16 colours
8 bits per pixel = 256 colours
– Generally good enough for
colour images
16 bits per pixel = 65536 colours
– Better quality for photographlike images, also known as
high colour
24 bits per pixel =>16 million
possible colours
– Used to recreate photo
realistic images, also known
as true colour
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size in bytes 
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width  height  colour depth
8
Width of the images measured in
pixels
Height of the images measured in
pixels
Colour depth is the number of bits
used for color measured in bits per
pixel
Remember:
– 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB)
– 1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte
(MB)
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Bitmap Images
• Advantages
– Convey detail of information quickly
– Real life
• Disadvantages
– Depend on a Resolution
– Effect to the image quality
– Size file is big
1 bit
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4 bits
8 bits
True Colour (24 bits)
Vector Images
• Vector images are stored as the set of graphic primitives
required to represent the image
• A graphic primitive is a simple graphic based on drawing
elements or objects such as shape and consists of a set
of commands (mathematical equations)
– e.g. square, line, ellipse, arc, etc.
• Each primitive object has various attributes that go to
make up the entire image
– e.g. x-y location, fill colour, line colour, line style, etc.
• Vector image or vector graphics can be resized without
losing the integrity of the original image.
• Common bitmap-based formats are WMF, SVG, CGM,
PS, PDF, DFX, and EPF.
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Vector Images
• Advantages
– Relatively small amount of data required to represent the image.
– Therefore, it does not required a lot of memory to store
– Easier to manipulate
• Disadvantages
– Limited level of detail than can be presented in an image
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Bitmap and Vector Images
 Vector
Images
 Bitmap
Images
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Images
• Advantages
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Convey a lot of information quickly
Add visual simulation and colour
Can communicate across language borders
Enhance other media
• Disadvantages
– Do not provide in-depth explanations
• Graphics rarely suffice to convey a whole message in business,
technical or safety settings
– Can be misinterpreted
• Graphics should be used carefully to make sure the message is not
ambiguous or cryptic
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