Telecommunications
Introduction to telecommunication
issues
New
Reality
Digital Superhighway
Bandwidth
UNDER
Last Mile delivery
CONOwnership
STRUCTION
Fat or Thin Clients
Content
Retail and Business-to-Business
Moore’s Law
Chip capacity
doubles every 18
Months.
Bandwidth
Gordon Moore
Standard Telephone
System
Analog
Switch
Analog
Digital
Network
Modem
Digital
Telecommunications
History
• Pre 1984
Local and long distance monopoly
• 1984 AT&T settlement
Intense long distance competition
• 1996 Telecommunications Act
Local access competition
Bandwidth
The Telecom Wars
AT&T
MCI/Worldcom
Sprint
SBC
GTE
BT
Cable & Wireless
BellSouth
Quest • • •
Telephone Changes
• Rapidly decreasing long distance
rates
• Value added telephone services
• Cellular access
• Flat rate long distance?
• Internet access
Datagram Logic (IP)
Packet n
Packet 2
Packet 1
3
2
1
3
1
PAD
2
Telephone
Internet
• Reserved
processing
• 56.6 Kb/sec data
speed
• All traffic follows
same route
• Route
determined when
call made
• Delay critical
• Best effort
processing
• Speed depends on
traffic
• Packets follow
different routes
• Routes
determined as
packets sent
• No delay control
Bandwidth Needs
•
•
•
•
Voice:
Data:
Image:
Video:
56.6 Kbs
30KB = 4.2 sec
500KB = 70.7 sec
500 Kbs (heavily compressed)
Access
Any time
Any place
Any way
•
•
•
•
•
Standard voice
Integrated Services Digital Network
Digital Subscriber Lines
Cable Modem
Direct network connection
Desktop Control
• Who controls the desktop
• Standardization and version
management
• Distribution
• Payment for access
Mindshare
Ownership
Client Focus
Bill Gates
Net Focus
Larry Ellison
The
Information
Paradigm
? Profitability
? Impact on
traditional business
? Security
? Privacy