2 GIS COMPONENTS
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
1
Basic COMPONENTS

Hardware
Software
Data

Institution


01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
2
GIS COMPONENTS (I)

hardware
– computers to run software

software
– computer program to process data
 custom-written software
 generic programs are more popular
data
– processed for information retrieval
– most costly compared with hardware and
software
– longer life span

01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
3

Institution
– individual and/or organisation that use or
implements GIS
– critical component as it decides the success of
implementation
– need for GIS professional to analyze, research,
design complex GIS applications
– difficult to change humans to adapt with new
technology
– easily overlooked
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
4
GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS(I)
1.
data acquisition/input
– define, entry and preliminary processing data
– Involves digitizer, scanner, survey equipment,
etc.
2.
data management
– control existence, update, recall and deletion of
data
– database management system
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
5
GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS (II)
3.
analysis of data
– generation of information from data archives
– spatial analysis software
– value of GIS depends on the analytic functions it
provides
4.
information output
– generated information conveyed to the users
– information managed by computers can be
plotted, printed or exported into other systems.
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
6
Other views on GIS Components and functions

Four major components of GIS
(Martin, 1991):
–
–
–
–

collection, input and correction
storage and retrieval
manipulation and analysis
output and reporting
These components dictate the functions
that a GIS can carry out.
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
7
…GIS Components and functions

GIS capabilities can also be
highlighted according to functions
(Martin,1991; Anselin,1998).
01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail
PHT FKSG
8