Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
199
Appendix C
Pediatric Normative Data
From: Current Clinical Practice: Bone Densitometry in Growing Patients: Guidelines for Clinical Practice
Edited by: A. J. Sawyer, L. K. Bachrach, and E. B. Fung © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
199
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
199
7/31/06, 11:17 AM
Hologic 1000
Hologic 1000
Hologic 1000
(pencil beam)
Hologic
423
1000W (pencil (longitudinal)
beam)
Hologic 1000,
2000 (pencil
beam)
Hologic 2000
Array mode
Hologic 2000
Hologic 2000
Array mode
Southard RN, et al. (2)
1991;179:735–738.
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
Bonjour JP, et al. (3)
J Clin Endo Metab
1991;73:555–563.
Molgaard C, et al. (4)
Arch Dis Child
1997;76:9–15.
200
Bachrach LK, et al. (5)
J Clin Endo Metab
1999;84:4701–4712
Henderson RC, et al. (6)
Am J Roent
2002;178:439–443.
Faulkner RA, et al. (7)
Calcif Tissue Int
1993;53:7–12.
Faulkner RA, et al. (8)
Calcif Tissue Int
1996;59:344–351.
Taylor A, et al. (9)
J Bone Min Res
1997;12:652–655.
3–18
9–25
5–19
9–18
1–19
1–15
Age
200
7/31/06, 11:17 AM
94
234
(longitudinal)
2–9
8–17
234
8–16
(cross-sectional)
256
343
207
218
135
Hologic QDR
1000
Glastre C, et al. (1)
Metab 1990;70:5:1330–1333
N=
DXA type
Reference
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
Sex
Unusual diet; weight or height
< 5% or > 95% for age
Medical conditions;
medicals or injuries that
could affect BMB
Medical conditions;
medications that affect BMD
Chronic disease; medications
that affect BMD
Weight or height < 3% or >
97% for age; chronic disease;
GI or malabsorption; bone
disease; drugs; intense
exercise
Endocrine, growth, renal, or
nutritional problems; premises;
patients using medications;
patients with more than two
fractures
No treatment for bone
metabolism; chronic disease;
growth problems
Exclusions
Table 1
Summary of Published Pediatric Reference Data Available for DXA Scanners
Mostly white,
n = 10 black
White
(Canada)
n = 212 white,
n = 25 black,
n = 19 other
(U.S.)
Asian, black,
Hispanic,
white
White
(Denmark)
White
(Switzerland)
Black, white
(U.S.)
White
Ethnicity
(continued)
Whole body
(L1–L4)
Femoral neck,
whole body, spine
(L1-L4)
Distal femur
(forearm software
used for analysis)
Femoral neck,
total hip, whole
body, spine (L2–L4)
Whole body
(adjustments for
heights, area)
Femoral neck,
spine (L2–L4)
Spine (L1-L4)
Spine (L1-L4),
Sites
200
Sawyer et al.
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
201
Lunar DPX
Lunar DPX
Medium
mode scan
Lunar DPX-L
Hogler W, et al. (16)
J Pediatr
2003;143:81–88.
Fonseca AS, et al. (17)
Braz J Med Biol Res
2001;34:347–352.
del Rio L, et al. (18)
Pediatr Res
1994;35:362–366.
Lunar DPX
Lunar DPX
crosssectional and
longitudinal
Lu PW, et al. (13)
J Bone Miner Res
1994;9:1451–1458
Maynard LM, et al. (15)
Am J Clin Nutr
1998;68:1111–1117.
Hologic 4500
Binkley TL, et al. (12)
J Clin Dens
2002;5:343–353.
Lunar DPX
Hologic 2000
Array mode
Van Coeverden. (11)
J Bone Miner Res
2001;16:774–778.
Lu PW, et al. (14)
J Clin Endo Metab
1996;81:1586–1590
Hologic 2000
Array mode
Ellis KJ, et al. (10)
J Bone Miner Res
2001;16:1658–1664.
201
7/31/06, 11:17 AM
471
255
646
148
longitudinal
209
266
231
151
982 healthy +
106 with
chronic
disease
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
F
M/F
3 mo
M/F
to 21
years
6–14
5–18
8–18
5–27
4–27
5–22
9–12
5–18
Endocrine problems, asthma,
short stature, obesity, premies
treatment with steroids,
fractures >2
Infusion: “Healthy”
White (Spain)
White (Brazil)
White
White (U.S.)
White
(Australia)
White
(Australia)
Mostly white
White
White, black,
Hispanic; plus
chronic
diseases; CF;
JDM; LD,
RS,HIV
Spine (L2-L4)
Spine (L2-L4),
BMC, BMD
Total body
(corrected for lean
body mass)
Whole body
Spine (L1-L4),
femoral neck,
and volumetric
BMD calculated
Spine (L1–L4),
femoral neck, whole
body
Total body BMC
Forearm
Whole body (Zscores corrected
for size)
Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
201
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
202
Lunar
DPX-L/PED
Lunar
DPXL/PED
Norland XR26
Boot AM, et al. (20)
J Clin Endo Metab
1997;82:57–62/
van der Sluis IM, et al. (21)
Arch Dis Child
2002;87:341–347
Zanchetta JR, et al. (22)
Bone
1995;16:393S–399S.
433
778
444
500
646
N=
2–20
2–20
4–20
4–20
5–18
Age
F
M/F
M/F
M/F
M/F
Sex
Inclusion: “Healthy”
Inclusion: “Healthy”
Diabetes; thyroid or liver
problems; taking heparin,
steroids, or anticonvulsants;
CF; bone disease
Exclusions
Whole body, spine
(L2–L4)
Spine, whole body
(corrected for lean
body mass)
Sites
(Argentina)
White
White
(Argentina)
for height
L2-L4, adjusted
Whole body,
spine, femoral neck,
radius, trochanter
White
Whole body, spine
(Netherlands) (L1-4), BMD and
BMAD, body
composition
Mostly white,
n = 21 black,
n = 35 Asian
(Netherlands)
Unkown
(U.K.)
Ethnicity
Note: Only published manuscripts are included in this summary table; abstract citations from scientific meetings are not included. If information regarding the
subjects, the scans performed, or instrument details used within a study was too limited, the citation was not included.
26
Norland XR-
Lunar DPX-L
pencil beam)
Crabtree NJ, et al. (19)
Bone
2004;35:965–972.
Plotkin H, et al. (23)
Calcif Tissue Int
1996;58:144–149.
DXA type
Reference
Table 1 (continued)
Summary of Published Pediatric Reference Data Available for DXA Scanners
202
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202
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14_Appendix C _199_212_F
203
BMD
0.441
0.463
0.485
0.508
0.532
0.558
0.589
0.629
0.685
0.758
0.837
0.902
0.945
0.973
0.990
1.000
1.007
1.012
Age years
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
SD
0.048
0.051
0.055
0.059
0.064
0.069
0.076
0.085
0.096
0.108
0.113
0.110
0.107
0.105
0.104
0.103
0.103
0.102
AP Spine
L1–L4
Hologic, Inc. Pediatric BMD Database
May 2005
Caucasian Female
Table 2
–
–
0.525
0.549
0.574
0.603
0.636
0.673
0.714
0.757
0.799
0.832
0.856
0.872
0.882
0.888
0.892
0.895
BMD
–
–
0.055
0.059
0.063
0.068
0.074
0.081
0.089
0.096
0.102
0.105
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.105
0.105
SD
Proximal femur
Femoral Neck
–
–
0.458
0.469
0.482
0.499
0.522
0.556
0.601
0.651
0.695
0.726
0.744
0.755
0.761
0.764
0.765
0.765
BMD
–
–
0.059
0.061
0.062
0.065
0.068
0.072
0.078
0.084
0.089
0.093
0.095
0.097
0.097
0.098
0.098
0.098
SD
Proximal femur
Gr. Trochanter
–
–
0.592
0.620
0.652
0.690
0.736
0.790
0.852
0.916
0.978
1.030
1.069
1.097
1.117
1.132
1.144
1.153
BMD
–
–
0.082
0.085
0.089
0.093
0.098
0.103
0.110
0.116
0.122
0.126
0.130
0.132
0.133
0.134
0.135
0.135
SD
Proximal Femur
Intertrochanter
Pediatric Normative Data Available for Hologic Systems
–
–
0.551
0.573
0.598
0.628
0.663
0.707
0.757
0.811
0.863
0.904
0.934
0.954
0.968
0.978
0.985
0.990
BMD
–
–
0.062
0.065
0.069
0.074
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.102
0.107
0.110
0.110
0.109
0.108
0.107
0.107
0.106
SD
Proximal Femur
Total hip
0.540
0.584
0.625
0.661
0.694
0.729
0.765
0.805
0.850
0.899
0.952
0.999
1.036
1.063
1.083
1.097
1.107
1.115
BMD
0.034
0.038
0.042
0.046
0.050
0.054
0.058
0.061
0.065
0.068
0.070
0.072
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.074
0.074
(continued)
SD
Whole body
Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
203
203
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14_Appendix C _199_212_F
204
204
7/31/06, 11:17 AM
0.454
0.473
0.491
0.510
0.529
0.549
0.574
0.606
0.642
0.686
0.742
0.808
0.878
0.942
0.992
1.033
1.067
1.098
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.046
0.049
0.051
0.054
0.056
0.060
0.064
0.071
0.082
0.095
0.109
0.119
0.124
0.124
0.122
0.121
0.120
0.119
SD
–
–
0.540
0.582
0.620
0.654
0.685
0.714
0.744
0.777
0.814
0.855
0.895
0.934
0.969
1.001
1.031
1.060
BMD
–
–
0.054
0.060
0.066
0.072
0.078
0.083
0.089
0.095
0.103
0.111
0.120
0.128
0.137
0.144
0.152
0.160
SD
Proximal femur
Femoral Neck
–
–
0.484
0.509
0.532
0.552
0.570
0.586
0.604
0.638
0.688
0.741
0.787
0.825
0.854
0.878
0.900
0.922
BMD
–
–
0.065
0.064
0.064
0.065
0.066
0.068
0.073
0.084
0.101
0.114
0.122
0.127
0.130
0.132
0.135
0.136
SD
Proximal femur
Gr. Trochanter
–
–
0.601
0.653
0.700
0.743
0.783
0.823
0.864
0.910
0.964
1.024
1.085
1.145
1.199
1.248
1.294
1.339
BMD
–
–
0.062
0.069
0.076
0.082
0.088
0.095
0.103
0.112
0.123
0.134
0.144
0.153
0.160
0.166
0.171
0.175
SD
Proximal Femur
Intertrochanter
–
–
0.572
0.612
0.649
0.682
0.714
0.745
0.777
0.816
0.863
0.914
0.966
1.015
1.060
1.100
1.138
1.175
BMD
–
–
0.060
0.064
0.069
0.073
0.078
0.083
0.090
0.098
0.107
0.117
0.127
0.135
0.141
0.147
0.151
0.155
SD
Proximal Femur
Total hip
0.560
0.602
0.642
0.679
0.713
0.750
0.787
0.823
0.859
0.895
0.936
0.983
1.034
1.085
1.130
1.170
1.206
1.241
BMD
0.037
0.040
0.044
0.047
0.051
0.054
0.058
0.062
0.066
0.070
0.074
0.080
0.086
0.092
0.097
0.103
0.107
0.112
SD
Whole body
Note. Reference values developed from 1444 spine, 1047 hip, and 1948 whole body exams of healthy US white children using Hologic 4500 or Delphi
systems. (From Kelly TL, Specker BL, Binkley T, et al. Pediatric BMD reference database for US white children. Bone 2005;36(suppl 1):S30.
AP, anteroposterior; BMD, bone mineral density (g/cm2); SD, standard deviation.
BMD
Age years
AP Spine
L1–L4
Hologic, Inc. Pediatric BMD Database
May 2005
Caucasian male
Table 2 (continued)
Pediatric Normative Data Available for Hologic Systems
204
Sawyer et al.
Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
205
Table 3
Pediatric Normative Data Available for Lunar Systems
Lunar Pediatric BMD Reference Values
Caucasian Female
Whole body
Including head
Whole body
Excluding Head
Age (years)
g/cm2
SD
g/cm2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0.793
0.806
0.819
0.832
0.845
0.885
0.925
0.965
1.005
1.045
1.085
1.125
1.125
1.125
1.125
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.622
0.648
0.674
0.700
0.726
0.767
0.808
0.849
0.890
0.931
0.972
1.013
1.013
1.013
1.013
Spine
L1-L4
SD
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
g/cm2
SD
0.624
0.644
0.664
0.684
0.704
0.772
0.840
0.908
0.976
1.044
1.112
1.180
1.180
1.180
1.180
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
Lunar Pediatric BMD Reference Values
Caucasian Male
Whole body
Including head
Whole Body
Excluding Head
Spine
L1-L4
Age (years)
g/cm2
SD
g/cm2
SD
g/cm2
SD
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0.780
0.800
0.820
0.840
0.860
0.880
0.900
0.920
0.970
1.020
1.070
1.120
1.170
1.220
1.220
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.600
0.631
0.662
0.693
0.724
0.755
0.786
0.817
0.868
0.919
0.970
1.021
1.072
1.072
1.072
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.606
0.633
0.660
0.687
0.714
0.741
0.768
0.795
0.880
0.965
1.050
1.135
1.220
1.220
1.220
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
From Wacker W, Barden HS. Pediatric Reference Data for male and female total body and
spine BMD and BMC. Presented at ISCD, March 2001, Dallas, TX; Barden HS, Wacker WK,
Faulkner KG. Pediatric enhancements to Prodigy software: variable standard deviations and
subcranial total body results. Presented at ISCD, February 2005, New Orleans, LA.
BMD, bone mineral density; SD, standard deviation.
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
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206
A. XR-System Reference Values
Value
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.52
0.34
0.52
0.55
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.72
0.87
0.98
0.95
1.00
1.01
0.97
Age
(Years)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18–20
0.06
0.04
0.09
0.24
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.13
0.22
0.24
0.23
0.28
0.26
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.23
SD
AP spine
L2-L4
Caucasian Female
0.46
0.50
0.53
0.58
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.69
0.72
0.77
0.87
0.96
0.93
0.94
0.92
0.95
Value
0.02
0.06
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.14
0.16
0.14
0.08
0.17
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.23
0.33
SD
Femur
Femoral Neck
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
Value
Femur
Trochanter
0.05
0.11
0.12
0.18
0.13
0.12
0.17
0.16
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.10
0.19
0.25
SD
344.5
446.38
503.15
671.33
716.9
813.15
878.14
1049.12
1196.9
1257.3
1532.6
1963.7
2238.55
2228.10
2397.22
2396.88
2368.1
Value (g)
Whole-body BMC
79.9
78.6
92.5
30.1
24.9
108.4
171.2
209.7
284.2
274.5
393.2
430.3
313.8
384.8
288.4
282.9
349.2
SD
0.733
0.747
0.743
0.782
0.775
0.797
0.789
0.806
0.832
0.849
0.867
0.964
1.004
1.047
1.093
1.092
1.075
Value
0.039
0.076
0.049
0.077
0.039
0.048
0.056
0.054
0.090
0.056
0.083
0.101
0.091
0.097
0.093
0.078
0.079
SD
0.38
0.22
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.39
0.39
Value
Whole-body BMD Forearm
(g/cm2)Forearm
Table 4
Pediatric Normative Data Available for Norland XR Systems
0.05
0.10
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.12
SD
206
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14_Appendix C _199_212_F
207
0.42
0.48
0.47
0.50
0.54
0.56
0.59
0.59
0.61
0.63
0.62
0.71
0.79
0.96
1.01
1.06
1.09
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18–20
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.09
0.12
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.23
0.21
0.33
0.24
0.18
0.25
0.35
SD
0.52
0.54
0.57
0.65
0.70
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.80
0.86
0.90
1.01
1.09
1.15
1.16
Value
0.15
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.17
0.16
0.22
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.34
0.35
SD
Femur
Femoral Neck
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.56
0.57
0.61
0.64
0.62
0.64
0.64
0.67
0.78
0.81
0.90
0.96
0.96
0.94
Value
Femur
Trochanter
0.08
0.16
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.17
0.15
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.12
0.24
0.21
0.27
0.25
0.31
SD
431.3
494.2
526.6
665.0
723.8
855.9
1024.3
1023.03
1186.0
1334.68
1438.8
1779.7
2094.57
2364.89
2663.55
2825.22
2964.9
Value (g)
Whole-body BMC
41.8
49.2
82.3
77.0
34.7
96.3
166.9
161.7
225.0
274.5
219.1
311.9
339.6
323.4
235.5
309.2
344.8
SD
0.688
0.748
0.786
0.806
0.801
0.816
0.823
0.828
0.851
0.849
0.856
0.933
0.966
0.994
1.096
1.135
1.165
Value
SD
0.047
0.063
0.075
0.046
0.091
0.048
0.042
0.055
0.074
0.056
0.015
0.013
0.020
0.081
0.080
0.104
0.106
Whole-body BMD
(g/cm2)
Data collected from 433 girls and 345 boys between the ages of 2 and 20 yr.
AP, anteroposterior; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; SD, standard deviation.
(From ref. 22.)
Value
Age
(Years)
AP spine
L2-L4
Caucasian Male
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.32
0.36
0.39
0.45
0.47
Value
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.07
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.20
0.15
0.14
0.11
0.15
0.11
SD
Forearm
Proximal Radius
Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
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208
Sawyer et al.
Table 5
Web-Based Pediatric Normative Data for the Hologic 1000
Please refer to the following website:
http://www-stat-class.stanford.edu/pediatric-bones
The Stanford “Applet” displays gender- and ethnicity-specific curves for bone mineral density
for whole body, femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine (L2–L4). Both areal bone mineral
density (aBMD) and estimates of volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) are
displayed. BMAD was calculated using bone area and bone mineral content (BMC) as
described These normative data were collected from a convenience sample of 423 healthy
American youth (ages 9–25 years) enrolled in a longitudinal study of bone mineral acquisition. Details regarding the study cohort and protocol have been published (ref. 5)
14_Appendix C _199_212_F
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14_Appendix C _199_212_F
Mean ROI 1
BMD
0.597
0.625
0.652
0.680
0.710
0.741
0.774
0.811
0.850
0.893
0.940
0.992
1.049
1.111
1.180
1.255
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
ROI 1
Age
Females
209
0.058
0.067
0.075
0.082
0.089
0.095
0.101
0.106
0.111
0.116
0.121
0.126
0.130
0.134
0.139
0.143
SD
0.481–0.713
0491–0.759
0.502–0.727
0.515–0.845
0.532–0.888
0.551–0.931
0.572–0.976
0598–1.024
0.627–1.073
0.660–1.126
0.698–1.182
0.741–1.243
0.789–1.309
0.842–1.380
0.903–1.457
0.970–1.540
Normal range
0.558
0.596
0.635
0.675
0.716
0.760
0.806
0.854
0.906
0.961
1.019
1.082
1.149
1.221
1.298
1.380
Mean ROI 2
BMD
ROI 2
0.055
0.063
0.071
0.078
0.084
0.090
0.095
0.100
0.105
0.110
0.114
0.119
0.123
0.127
0.131
0.134
SD
0.448–0.668
0.469–0.723
0.493–0.777
0.520–0.830
0.548–0.884
0.581–0.939
0.616–0.996
0.654–1.054
0.696–1.116
0.741–1.181
0.790–1.248
0845–1.319
0.903–1.395
0.967–1.475
1.037–1.559
1.111–1.649
Normal range
0.592
0.628
0.688
0.713
0.761
0.813
0.868
0.925
0.983
1.042
1.101
1.160
1.218
1.275
1.329
1.381
Mean ROI 3
BMD
ROI 3
Table 6
Pediatric Normative Data Avalable for Lateral Distal Femur
0.054
0.062
0.069
0.076
0.082
0.087
0.093
0.098
0.102
0.107
0.111
0.116
0.120
0.124
0.127
0.131
SD
(continuned)
0.485–0.700
0.504–0.751
0.530–0.806
0.561–08.64
0598–0.925
0.639–0.988
0.683–1.053
0.729–1.120
0.778–1.188
0.828–1.256
0.878–1.324
0.929–1.392
0.979–1.458
1.028–1.522
1.075–1.584
1.119–1.643
Normal range
Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
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14_Appendix C _199_212_F
210
0.650
0.660
0.674
0.693
0.716
0.744
0.776
0.813
0.854
0.900
0.950
1.005
1.065
1.128
1.197
1.270
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
From ref. 6.
Mean ROI 1
BMD
ROI 1
Age
Males
0.073
0.084
0.094
0.103
0.111
0.119
0.126
0.133
0.140
0.146
0.152
0.158
0.163
0.168
0.174
0.179
SD
0.504–0.796
0.492–0.828
0.486–0.862
0.487–0.899
0.493–0.939
0.506–0.982
0.523–1.029
0.547–1.079
0.714–1.133
0.608–1.192
0.646–1.254
0.690–1.320
0.739–1.391
0.943–1.465
0.850–1.544
0.913–1.627
Normal range
0.624
0.651
0.679
0.708
0.739
0.773
0.811
0.853
0.900
0.952
1.012
1.078
1.152
1.234
1.326
1.428
Mean ROI 2
BMD
ROI 2
0.064
0.074
0.083
0.091
0.098
0.105
0.111
0.117
0.123
0.129
0.134
0.139
0.144
0.148
0.153
0.157
SD
0.495–0.753
0.503–0.799
0.513–0.845
0.526–0.890
0.543–0.935
0.563–0.983
0.588–1.034
0.618–1.088
0.654–1.146
0.695–1.210
0.744–1.279
0.800–1.355
0.864–1.439
0.938–1.531
1.020–1.632
1.113–1.743
Normal range
0.632
0.668
0.705
0.743
0.784
0.828
0.875
0.926
0.981
1.041
1.107
1.179
1.257
1.343
1.436
1.538
Mean ROI 3
BMD
ROI 3
0.057
0.065
0.073
0.080
0.087
0.092
0.098
0.103
0.108
0.113
0.118
0.122
0.127
0.131
0.135
0.139
SD
0.519–0.745
0.537–0.799
0.558–0.851
0.583–0.903
0.611–0.957
0.643–1.013
0.679–1.071
0.719–1.133
0.765–1.198
0.815–1.268
0.871–1.343
0.934–1.424
1.004–1.511
1.081–1.605
1.167–1.706
1.280–1.815
Normal range
210
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Appendix C / Pediatric Normative Data
211
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