The Compost Winter 2016 Inside this issue: MG Coordinator Comments 2 MG Steering Committee Chair Comments 3 Record Keeper Comments 4 Bay-Wise Update 5 Bugs: Training & “Do You Know..” 6 Photos & Articles from Recent Events 7-9 Horticulture Corner 10-11 “Year of the…” 12 Winter Garden Article 13 Calendar 14-15 Do You App? 16 2016 CCMG Steering Committee Terry Shelton Thir, Chair Roseanne Markham, Vice-Chair Cornelious Johnson, Treasurer Theresa Nelson, Secretary Carol Teets and Janet McGrane, Members-at-Large Pauline Spurlock, Record Keeper Special point of interest: Appreciation for Elizabeth (page 2) Luke Gustafson, CCMG Coordinator, presenting Intern of the Year (Class of 2015) to Harry Frauenfelder During our Holiday Party on December 1st, two awards were presented: MG of the Year went to Tracy Musto (Class of 2014) and Intern of the Year went to Harry Frauenfelder. When you see them, please CONGRATULATE them. The National Wildlife Federation has named J.C. Parks Elementary School one of America's Top 10 Eco-Schools. Our Bay-Wise Committee had a significant piece of the project which was the outdoor classroom—Congratulations J.C. Parks! Ronda Goldman also noted that the Master Gardeners should be proud of the work that they did with the school, as it was such a reward to see young people speak intelligently about the environment and get excited about it. The Compost Page 2 El Niño has brought us a warmer than average December and first half of January with temperatures well above average. This weather phenomenon makes the winter more unpredictable than usual, so we will have to wait and see what is in store for us the rest of the season. As we go through the winter months I wanted to recognize Charles County Master Gardener accomplishments of last year while looking forward to what is coming up. In 2015, Charles County Master Gardeners put in over 3,800 volunteer hours and logged more than 840 hours of continuing education. From the homes of county residents to schools, to the Charles County Fair and beyond, Master Gardeners make a big impact in the community. Thanks for your service! Coordinator Comments The 2016 Master Gardener Basic Training begins on February 2 and finishes with graduation on April 5. It looks like we will have another great class of Master Gardener Trainees. Thanks to those who are helping out with the class in various ways. I encourage you all to reach out to the new class this season as we welcome them aboard. Spring is not only growing season for plants but also for growing the program. I encourage you to take advantage of the upcoming volunteer and education opportunities. I look forward to a successful 2016! Article by Luke Gustafson, CCMG Coordinator MG LIBRARY Our new improved library looks so pretty, thanks to our great office admin, Elizabeth. Just before Christmas I left two more large tote-bags of books at the office with the intention of going back after the holidays to finish what I had started—the job had already been done! Elizabeth had put all the books on the shelves, grouped in order by category, inventoried the collection, put each page in plastic covers, and attached it to the bookshelf for easy access. On top of all that, Elizabeth put her creative juices to work, and added some pretties in vacant places in the bookcase. Our little library looks very inviting, and kind of homey. Elizabeth, on behalf of all our MGs, thank you for all you did to get the library ready to use, and for everything you do for us. Article by MG Barbie Walter Elizabeth Solis-McGarry We do appreciate all you do! The Compost Page 3 Master Gardener Plant Sale May 14 8am-1pm La Plata Farmer's Market and Waldorf Farmer's Market Contact Gale Kladitis and Terry Thir for more information Several brainstorming sessions were held in the fall to discuss activities, projects and events that we should dedicate efforts to in 2016. Among the suggested items: develop an educational speaker series to hold talks at the public libraries; ask for support from Charles County Detention Center to replant a demonstration garden; establish a general meeting schedule to include Saturdays and some evening meetings to provide greater opportunity for our Interns to participate; review our project chart to streamline projects or create new ones; hold a social gathering to get to know each other; and much more. I am happy to report that we have established Steering Committee a speaker series to include three talks to be held throughout the county libraries Chair during the months of March and April. The three talks are: “Plant This Not That” (to Comments promote using native trees and shrubs); “Gardens to Attract Butterflies and other Pollinators”; and “Sustainable Landscaping” (to promote the principles of the Bay-Wise program). We welcome other suggested topics and need your help! We have looked at our calendar and will either hold a Saturday or evening meeting each quarter and are planning a social hotdog picnic in the late Spring. Several MG’s have identified two new projects which you will hear about soon. We look forward to everyone’s participation this year!! Article by MG Terry Shelton Thir, CCMG Steering Committee Chair Page 4 The Compost You can now sign into the "Online Tracking System for 2016" and start logging in your earned hours. The dates for logging in your MG quarterly hours are as follows: April 6th – 1st quarter July 6th – 2nd quarter October 5th – 3rd quarter *December 13th – 4th and final quarter *Please note the early date in December. The University of Maryland Extension Office needs all hours logged in and approved before the end of December so they can run their reports before 2017. There will be no exceptions. All hours earned in 2016 must be logged in or turned into the Extension Office no later than 4 pm on December 13th. I will remind you throughout the year about this deadline. Therefore, it is in your best interest to log your hours quarterly, or, log them as you earn them. For those of you who had an incomplete year in 2015 – that is, did not earn the required 20 volunteer and 10 advanced education hours, please note the following: Within the first six months, the individual must show evidence of willingness to meet the volunteer commitment by completing three-quarters of his/her requirements (15 volunteer hours + 7.5 advanced training for active MGs ) in order to continue in the program. The extension runs from January 1 – June 30. The prior year’s hours cannot be made up, but a full year’s commitment must be completed in the new year. No hours from the previous year will count toward completion of the commitment. (Please refer to Charles County Master Gardeners Policy for Completion of Volunteer Commitments, revised January 21, 2015.) Interns have until APRIL 5th to have their 40 hours logged in and approved. This year the 2016 Intern class runs through April 5th. 13 Interns have already completed their 40 hours—Congratulations! As soon as your 40 hours have been logged in and approved, you can begin earning your 20 volunteer hours and 10 advanced training hours as an active MG. Pauline Spurlock, Record Keeper The Compost Page 5 Bay-Wise Residential Landscape Management The Bay-Wise program was developed as part of the Master Gardener program. Its purpose is to provide information and guidance to landscape owners to create healthier gardens and landscapes using sustainable practices. Charles County has the Potomac, Wicomico and Patuxent rivers and their tributaries surrounding the county. It's important that we educate ourselves and the public to improve and maintain the health of the Chesapeake Bay and our local waterways. The Bay-Wise yardstick is one tool we use to educate the public by certifying residential and public properties. The Bay-Wise program consists of eight best practices. They are control stormwater runoff, encourage wildlife, protect the waterfront, mow properly and water efficiently, manage yard pests (IPM), mulch appropriately, fertilize wisely and plant wisely. Become a Bay-Wise Master Gardener and join the 27 Charles County Master Gardeners who are in the program. Bay-Wise training is scheduled for April 9 and April 23 from 9:30 to 3:30 at the La Plata Police Station. A certification practicum for attendees will be scheduled after the 2 day class to gain experience in certifying a property. The cost for the class is $50. Bay-Wise Master Gardeners meet approximately 6 times per year. In 2015 we decided that we would start a speaker series as part of our meetings. Our first presentation was “Green Roof Forum and Conservation Landscaping” at MRW Lawns with Rick LaNore and Lyle Almond. We also said goodbye to Ronda Goldman who stepped down as Bay-Wise Coordinator. Ronda began the Bay-Wise program in Charles County as an intern in 2006. She, along with Jessica Milstead, Diane Kramer, Linda Bronsdon and Yvonne Irvin were instrumental to the program's early success. We thank Ronda for her leadership and efforts in creating and leading the Bay-Wise program for all these years. We are starting off 2016 with me, Janet McGrane, as Bay-Wise Coordinator, Rose Markham as Assistant Coordinator and Pauline Spurlock as Secretary. We have presentations on Sustainable Landscaping scheduled at the county libraries in April and August. We are an active group and are looking for new ideas and ways to encourage best landscape practices and certifying both private and public properties in Charles County. I encourage all of Article by MG Janet McGrane, you to attend the April training classes and also to have your Bay-Wise Coordinator properties Bay-Wise certified. Do You Know These Bugs? Answers on Page 6 Photos and Information provided by MG Dave Lewis The Compost Page 6 The 2016 All Bugs Good and Bad Webinar Series will kick off on February 5 this year with Dr. Ayanava Majumbar’s presentation ‘Don’t Let the Insects Eat Your Vegetables.’ All webinars are scheduled for the first Friday of the month at 1PM. It’s best to log in and watch it live, you can use the chat box to ask questions and add comments. All webinars in the series will be recorded, so you can watch them any time. To watch a webinar, just log in as a guest 15 minutes before the webinar begins using the link: https://connect.extension.iastate.edu/fireant Archived presentations are also available for viewing at the bottom of the 2016 schedule. These count as continuing education hours. Answers to “Do You Know These Bugs” The Praying Mantis is a welcome visitor to any garden. The insect devours an enormous amount of plant destroying pests. Category: Mantis Scientific name: Mantis religiosa Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insects Family: Mantidae Order: Mantodea Genus: Mantis Species: Religiosa The Emerald Ash Borer is a small emerald colored beetle that has a reputation for destroying ash trees. There are many programs currently in use that are designed to curtail the spread of this insect. Category: Beetle Scientific Name: Agrilus planipennis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insects Family: Buprestidae Order: Coleoptera Species: Planipennis Genus: Agrilus The Compost Page 7 Soup N’ Walk at Atkins Arboretum, “Nutritious Berries, Nuts and Seeds” Approximately 15 Charles County Master Gardeners attended the fall event on Saturday, November 14, 2015. It was a beautiful brisk day. We were joined by other Master Gardeners from the Eastern Shore, Annapolis and Virginia. We broke out into two groups with a docent naturalist who lead us on the discovery of fall highlights. Along our walk we discovered hidden treasurers such as signs of wildlife looking for seeds, nuts and berries that nourish these creatures during the winter. Plants of interest included dogwood, partridge berry oak, loblolly pine, juniper, verbena, ironwood, and much more. Following our guided walk, we enjoyed a delicious and nutritious lunch with a brief overview of Atkins Arboretum, a short lesson on nutrition and copies of the recipes!! Lunch included; sweet potato leek soup, Waldorf wheat berry salad, wheat bread with almond butter and molasses, rice pudding with pears and apples. Yum!! This was also a great opportunity for those Article and Photos by MG Terry Shelton Thir who also love photographing nature!! Docent Naturalist, also MGs Tina Bailem & husband, Mary Gaskins, Janet McGrane, Kathy Jenkins, Neal Johnson and Jan Lakey-Waters shown in pictures along with other attendees Photos of January 9th Asparagus Training Provided by Jennifer Godlewski, Chef/Externship Coordinator Stratford University—Woodbridge Campus Photos of November 17th Boxwood Pruning Sessions held at St Ignastius Church in Port Tobacco, MD Provided by MG Terry Shelton Thir The Compost Page 8 Holiday Party Delaware Master Gardeners Presentation Delaware Master Gardeners Puppet Show Luke Gustafson, CCMG Coordinator thanking Delaware Master Gardeners DELAWARE MASTER GARDENERS attended the Charles County MG Holiday Dinner on Dec 1 providing a special guest presentation of "Peter Rabbit's Misadventures in Farmer McGregor's Garden" -- a live puppet show. CCMG Jane Groat was introduced to this group as she witnessed the Iowa 2015 International Master Gardener Conference (IMGC) winner announcement and presentations. Delaware MGs were honored as the grand winner of the 2015 IMGC Search for Excellence Award for Youth Projects! CCMG Steering Committee is interested in using this model program in 2016 to help educate children on healthy eating, nutrition and gardening. We need puppets and a team willing to do these presentations. JC Parks is already wanting us!! If interested in helping put this program in place, please let Terry Shelton Thir know. MGs Ronda Goldman and Janet McGrane with Luke Gustafson, CCMG Coordinator. Ronda presented a gift to thank Janet for her coordination of the Bay-Wise Yardstick property reviews and for stepping up to now be the CC Bay-Wise Coordinator. Page 9 The Compost CCMG Tour of Longwood Gardens December 10, 2015 Photo Collage provided by MG Terry Shelton Thir, Steering Committee Chair The Compost Page 10 11 Plants that Repel Mosquitoes HORTICULTURE CORNER By MG Intern Marlene Smith Although I love the holidays, I am always glad when January arrives, as the days are slowly getting longer and temperatures will soon be warming. As I write this article, spring is only 66 days away. With the mild winter we’ve had so far, my thoughts turn to its effect on plants and insects in the coming spring and summer seasons, especially those pesky mosquitoes. If you’re like me and would like a natural alternative to chemicals for repelling mosquitoes, read on to learn about plants that repel mosquitoes naturally. Citronella Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) is a great choice for repelling mosquitoes naturally; it is one of the most common ingredients in most mosquito repellents. It is a beautiful perennial clumping grass that emits a strong aroma that masks other scents, keeping mosquitoes from being attracted to things located around it. The citronella plant has a much stronger aroma than chemical mosquito repellents containing citronella. It is very easy to grow in pots on a porch or patio, or you can plant it directly in a yard or garden bed, but keep in mind it can grow 5 to 6 feet high. Lemon Balm Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), a member of the mint family and also known as horsemint; beebalm is another great choice. It is a very easy plant to grow and is a very hardy, drought-resistant, shade-tolerant plant. It is a very fast growing and can be aggressive, so you might want to contain it to a pot so that it doesn’t take over your garden. Catnip Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is another great mosquito deterrent. In a 2010 study, researchers found that catnip is 10 times more effective than DEET, the ingredient commonly found in bug repellents. It is a very easy plant to grow; however, be careful not to plant catnip in with other flowers, veggies, or herbs if you have cats around your garden. The cats may be attracted, rolling around in the catnip and smashing everything nearby. Basil Basil (Ocimum americanum) will not only provide a quick and easy mosquito repellent, but can provide a delicious fresh herb to add to all of your favorite recipes. There are many different varieties of basil, so experiment and find the ones that you like best. Many expert gardeners recommend trying lemon basil or cinnamon basil to deter insects. Lavender Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), a gorgeous purple flowering plant with a soothing, calming scent is a natural mosquito repellent. Grow it indoors near a sunny window, or outside in your garden or flower bed to keep the bugs away. Lavender can also be used to make a delicious herbal tea, or use lavender to fill your home or office with a wonderful calming aroma. The Compost Page 11 11 Plants that Repel Mosquitoes Peppermint Peppermint (Mentha piperita) deters most bugs due to its smell and taste. Plant it around your home to keep bugs from dropping by uninvited. Peppermint leaves rubbed directly onto the skin make a great itch relief treatment for bug bites, or you can use it to add a wonderful minty smell to food and beverages. Garlic Garlic (Allium sativum) in your flower bed or vegetable garden provides added protection against mosquitoes. Unfortunately, studies have shown that eating garlic does not repel mosquitoes. Pennyroyal The Pennyroyal Flower (Mentha pulegium) is a natural deterrent for mosquitoes. Pennyroyal plants are a nice addition to flower beds and also make great groundcover. They also attract a plethora of beautiful butterflies and can be used to flavor certain fish dishes. Rosemary Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), another natural mosquito repellent, is a beautiful flowering plant that not only keeps bugs away, it also attracts butterflies. It is often used to flavor lamb or fish dishes. Geranium The Geranium (Geranium spp.) is another great choice for mosquito repellent. When planted in a hanging container, the colorful blooms will cascade over the side of the pot, providing a beautiful visual piece, as well as a very useful bug repellent. References: http://www.naturallivingideas.com/11-plants-that-repel-mosquitoes/ http://bestplants.com/plants-that-repel-mosquitoes/ http://learn.eartheasy.com/2011/04/5-easy-to-grow-mosquito-repelling-plants/ http://plantcaretoday.com/13-plants-repel-mosquitoes.html The Compost Page 12 FAO Year of the Pulses The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has designated 2016 as the Year of the Pulses. Pulses are annual legume crops that are harvested dry for use as a grain. This includes dry beans and peas, chickpeas, lentils and fava beans. Pulses are a heart healthy source of high quality protein as well as fiber, vitamins and minerals. Like other legumes, pulses improve soil fertility through their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Beans and peas can be grown well with little or no added nitrogen fertilizer and can add nitrogen to the soil for the following crop. Pulses in the Home Garden: Fava Beans In the home garden, fava beans add interest and early season novelty with striking black-on-white flowers. This cool season crop grows well in the spring time, but does not tolerate warm weather and can abort flowers when temperatures reach about 80°F. Direct sow the large seeds in early to mid-March. The plants reach about four feet and are free-standing but can be trellised to protect from wind damage. Articles and Photos by Luke Gustafson, CCMG Coordinator Fava Bean Plant Grow It Eat It Year of the Tomato For Grow It Eat It, 2016 is the Year of the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon). This is the most common crop in vegetable gardens across the country. You probably get more questions from friends and family on growing tomatoes than on growing other vegetables. What is not to love about tomatoes? * Tomatoes are richest source of lycopene of commonly eaten produce. Watermelon and red pepper are also sources of the pigment. * A good, vine-ripened tomato can have the same sugar content as a strawberry. * Other members of the genus Solanum include eggplant and potato. Are you planning on growing tomatoes this season? Please share your favorite varieties, photos and growing tips and tricks with the group this season in person and in the next editions of The Compost. If you enjoy writing about food gardening, you might consider contributing at least monthly to the Grow It Eat It blog. As John Denver put it in Home Grown Tomatoes, “what would life be without homegrown tomatoes?” The Compost Page 13 Winter Garden About 15 years ago, I got tired of replacing shrubbery and plants that were severely damaged by the deer who frequent our property. Our yard backs up to a wooded area that is undeveloped for about 3/4 of a mile toward 301 south of Mitchell Road in La Plata. I consulted with some MG friends who face similar problems and decided to give hellebores, mahonia and nandina a try. I know that the last two can be of concern in some applications, but in my yard the combination of shade and a defined bed have kept them under control. The first hellebores that I found were Helleborus Orientalis (Lenten Rose) which were spring blooming. I was browsing at the old Waldorf Pottery and found the winter blooming niger. It was love at first sight! Over the years I have picked up plants at Roozen Nursery in Oxon Hill and actually, Lowes in La Plata. The hellebores need little maintenance. In the spring, I snip any dead leaves and clean out the winter debris. I use a balanced fertilizer in early fall for abundant blooms. The mahonia was a MG Plant Sale purchase. It grows in a bed with ferns that gets a lot of shade. Aside from watering occasionally during a drought time, it requires no maintenance except for judicious pruning to keep it manageable. The nandina has been very happy in an AM sun location. Although the number of red berries varies from year to year, the plant itself carries dark green leaves with no maintenance from me except a yearly fall check to see if it needs a pruning to keep it from growing too tall. Since the berries set early, it is easy to avoid them when pruning. It is very rewarding to look out at an otherwise dead garden and see blooms and berries adding color to my landscape in January. Top and Bottom Left: Helleborus Niger (blooms in Dec.-Jan) Top Right: Mahonia aquifolium "Golden Abundance" Bottom Right: Nandina domestica Article and Photos by MG Sue Brewer The Compost Page 14 Calendar Training Highlighted in Bold February 2-25 6-9pm Tuesdays and Thursdays; Master Gardener Basic Training Class, Thomas Stone High School 23 10am; Membership Meeting, Extension Office, open to all MGs 1-31 6-9pm Tuesdays and Thursdays; Master Gardener Basic Training Class, Thomas Stone High School 2 6-7:30pm; Plant This Not That, MG Library Presentation, P.D. Brown, Waldorf 7 6-7:30pm; Plant This Not That, MG Library Presentation, Potomac, Indian Head 15 6-7:30pm; Plant This Not That, MG Library Presentation, Waldorf West 22 10am; Membership Meeting, Extension Office, open to all MGs 30 6-7:30pm; Plant This Not That, MG Library Presentation, La Plata 5 6-9pm Tuesday; Master Gardener Basic Training Graduation, Location TBA 9, 23 9:30am-3:30pm; Bay-Wise training, La Plata Police Department, cost $50, Mail in registration form or register online at: http://www.eventbrite.com/e/bay-wise-advanced--tickets-20786341507, contact ext. office at 301-934-5403 for more information 11 6-7:30pm; Sustainable Landscaping, MG Library Presentation, Waldorf West 20 6-7:30pm; Sustainable Landscaping, MG Library Presentation, P.D. Brown, Waldorf 25 6-7:30pm; Gardens to Attract Butterflies, MG Library Presentation, Waldorf West 26 6-7:30 pm; Membership Meeting, La Plata Library, open to all MGs 27 6-7:30pm; Sustainable Landscaping, MG Library Presentation, La Plata 30 Christmas In April, contact Carol Teets for more information 14 8am-1pm; Master Gardener Plant Sale, La Plata Farmer's Market and Waldorf Farmer's Market, contact Gale Kladitis and Terry Thir for more information 14 Tentative 11am-2pm; Compost Bin & Rainbarrel Workshop & Document Shred Event (partnership with county government), County Govt. Building Parking Lot, La Plata 16 6-7:30pm; Gardens to Attract Butterflies, MG Library Presentation, Potomac, Indian Head 24 10am; Membership Meeting, Extension Office, open to all MGs 26 9:30am-6pm; Master Gardener Annual Training Day, College Park, registration opens March 14 March April May The Compost Page 15 Calendar Training Highlighted in Bold June 1 6-7:30pm; Gardens to Attract Butterflies, MG Library Presentation, La Plata 28 No General Membership Meeting this month 28 10-11:30am; The Need of Seeds, kids activity, Waldorf West and 2-3:30pm, P.D. Brown 29 10-11:30am; The Need of Seeds, kids activity, Potomac and 2-3:30pm, La Plata 26 10am; Membership Meeting, Extension Office, open to all MGs July August 13 12-1:30pm; Sustainable Landscaping Activity, Potomac Library, in conjunction with the Department of Tourism and Town of Indian Head Spring/Summer 2016 MG Library Presentations All evening talks are scheduled for 6-7:30, and the library closes promptly at 8 pm. The rooms have been reserved starting at 5:30pm to allow time for set up. *kids activity (up to 40 kids) Plant This Not That: Native Trees & and Shrubs Learn which native trees and shrubs grow well in the home landscape. Many of the commonly planted landscape trees and shrubs can be invasive and take over natural areas. Master Gardeners will discuss the importance of using native plants and show ways to incorporate them beautifully into your garden. Sustainable Landscaping Come learn practical steps you can take in your home garden to protect the environment and the quality of our local waterways. Master Gardeners will discuss growing native plants, maintaining your lawn, watering efficiently, mulching and recycling yard waste and more. Learn how your garden can become Bay-Wise! Gardens to Attract Butterflies Do you enjoying watching butterflies in the garden? Learn which plants you can grow at home to attract butterflies and other pollinators. Master Gardeners will discuss the importance of providing habitat for pollinators and give you practical advice you can use in your garden. The Needs of Seeds (Seed Cups & Seed Bombs) In this program, kids learn what seeds are and why they are important to us. They learn about the process of germination and the early stages of plant growth while getting their hands dirty. Students get to plant seeds in a cup and make “seed bombs” to take and grow at home. (This activity requires a space that can get dirty and a place for kids to wash their hands afterwards. The program is adaptable to different age levels and lengths of time. Target age is elementary through middle school.) Published Quarterly by the Charles County Master Gardeners, University of Maryland Extension, Charles County Office, 9375 Chesapeake Street, Suite 119, La Plata, MD 20646 Phone 301-934-5403 or 301-753-8195 Luke Gustafson, Charles County Master Gardener Coordinator Terry Shelton Thir, Steering Committee Deborah Determan, Compost Editor Janet McGrane, Compost Calendar Cindi Barnhart, Compost Advisor We’re on the Web!! http://extension.umd.edu/charles-county/home-gardening Submit articles, photos, reports, events, and other items for publication to Deborah Determan at CompostSubmissions@yahoo.com by April 15, 2016 for the Spring 2016 newsletter. If you send a photo, please include a brief description of the activity and names of persons included in the photo, as well as the photographer’s name. If you send a photo of a plant, please include the scientific name, if known. The University of Maryland, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources programs are open to all and will not discriminate against anyone because of race, age, sex, color, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, religion, ancestry, or national origin, marital status, genetic information, political affiliation, or gender identity and expression. Do You App? If you know of an app that the rest of us might like, please send to compostsubmissions@yahoo.com. I will try to highlight one app each newsletter. Burpee Garden Time App iOS and Android