vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
xiii
TABLE OF FIGURES
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xv
PROJECT OVERVIEW
1
1.1.
Introduction
1
1.2
Statement of the problem
4
1.2.
Significance of the study
8
1.3.
Objectives
10
1.4.
Scope of the project
10
1.5.
Summary
11
LITERATURE REVIEW
12
2.1
Introduction
12
2.2
Information System
13
viii
2.2.1 Information system plan
2.3 Smart school Requirements
13
15
2.3.1 School Change
15
2.3.2. Technology in School
15
2.3.3. Concepts and definitions
17
2.3.4. Rationale for Using Technology
17
2.3.5 This Smart School should have the following qualities:
20
2.4 The Learning Taxonomy Using ICT
21
2.4.1 Teaching and Learning Concepts
23
2.4.2 Roles of Students and Teachers
24
2.4.3 Learning Strategies
24
2.4.4 Student Diversity
25
2.5 Framework of ICT Use in Learning and Teaching
26
2.5.1 Three frameworks for guiding the study of Educational
Technology
26
2.5.2 Models of Student Learning
27
2.5.3 Independent Learner
27
2.5.4 Interactive Learner
28
2.5.5 Collaborative Learner
28
2.5.6 The Professional Practice
29
2.6. Three main concepts of Smart Schools
2.6.1
Appropriate use of technology
30
31
2.6.2 Thinking and creativity enhancement
31
2.6.3 Values Inculcation
32
2.7 ICT Infrastructure in Education
32
2.7.1 Technology
32
2.7.2 Levels of Technology
33
2.8
The Smart School Success
34
2.9
Guiding Principles
34
2.10 Smart School in Malaysia
37
2.10.1 What are the model /concept of a Smart School?
39
2.10.2 Objectives of the Malaysian Smart School
40
2.10.3 Goals of Smart Schools
41
ix
2.10.5 The Main Components
3
4
42
2.10.6
Teaching and Learning Concepts: Guiding Principles 43
2.10.7
Management
45
2.10.8
Processes and Scenarios
46
2.10.9
People, Skills, and Responsibilities
46
2.10.10 Technology Enablers
49
2.10.11 School-level technology
49
2.10.12 Policy Implications
50
2.10.13 Parents and community’s support
52
2.10.14 Present Schools verse Smart Schools
53
2.11 Smart School in Singapore
54
2.12 Smart School in Philippines
55
2.13 Smart School in England
56
2.14 MAMPU
58
2.14.1
Introduction
58
2.14.2
MAMPU ICT Guideline
59
2.15 Summary
62
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
64
3.1 Introduction
64
3.2 Research paradigm, research approach, research of inquiry
65
3.3 Research Design
66
3.3.1 Phase 1: Initial Planning Phase
68
3.3.2 Phase 2: Analysis
68
3.3.3 Phase 3: Develop ICT Strategic plan for smart schools
73
3.3.4 Phase 4: Thesis writing and research framework
74
3.4 Project Schedule
75
3.5 Summary
77
ANALYZE SMART SCHOOL ICT STRATEGY PLANNING IN
MALAYSIA
78
x
4.1
Introduction 78
4.2
The Smart School Policy (SSP)
79
4.3
The MSC key elements
84
4.3.1 MSC Flagship Applications
85
4.4
86
4.4.1 The Smart School Pilot Effort Objectives
86
4.4.2 Background information of pilots
87
4.4.3 Scope of the Pilot Projects
88
The Smart School CRFPs
88
4.5.1 The Smart School Teaching-Learning Materials
88
4.5.2 The Smart School Assessment System
89
4.5.3 The Smart School Management System (SSMS)
89
4.5.4 The Smart School Technology Infrastructure
90
4.5.5 The Smart Schools Systems Integration
90
4.6
Implementing Malaysia’s Strategy School
91
4.7
Achievements of the Pilot Project
92
4.8
MoE Target by 2010: 10,000 Smart Schools
94
4.9
Lesson Learnt from Smart Schools in Malaysia
98
4.10
Summary
4.5
5
The Smart School Pilot Effort
101
ICT USAGE in Iran EDUCATION system
103
5.1
Introduction
103
5.2
Analyze Education Environment in Iran
104
5.2.1 School Education System in Iran
105
5.2.2 Review Education Issues in Iran
107
Analyze ICT Environment in Iran
109
5.3.1 National policies, strategies and programs
109
5.3.2 Current level of ICT access and use
112
5.3.3 Major initiatives
114
5.3.4 Training of ICT for Teachers
116
Issues and challenges on using ICT
116
5.4.1 Economic issues
117
5.4.2 Social issues
118
5.3
5.4.
xi
5.4.3 Political issues
118
5.4.4 Cultural issues
119
5.4.5 Ministry of Education Issues
119
5.4.6 Governmental Issues
120
Smart Schools in Iran
121
5.5.1 Strategy Plan for Smart Schools (SPSS) in Iran
122
5.6
Analysis of ICT use in Smart schools
124
5.7
Summary
125
5.5
6
ICT STRATEGY PLAN FOR SMART SCHOOL IN IRAN
127
6.1
Introduction
127
6.2
ICT Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
128
6.2.1 Iran’s ICT Strengths for Smart Schools
128
6.2.2 Iran’s ICT Threats for Smart Schools
129
6.2.3 Iran’s ICT Opportunities for Smart Schools
129
6.2.4 Iran’s ICT weakness for Smart Schools
130
6.3
Smart School initiatives in Iran
132
6.4
ICT Strategy Plan for Smart Schools in Iran
135
6.5
Target Applications for Smart Schools
138
6.5.1 Smart School Management System
138
6.5.2 Smart School Training System School
139
6.5.3 Online Learning system
139
6.5.4 Examination System
140
6.5.5 Course Content Systems
140
6.5.6 Financial and Official System
141
6.5.7 School Equipment Management
141
6.6
Technology Strategies for Smart Schools
143
6.7
ICT Governance for Smart Schools
145
6.8
Iran’s ICT Challenges for Smart Schools
147
6.9
Summary
148
xii
7
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
149
7.1 Introduction
149
7.2 Achievement
149
7.3 Constraints and Challenges
150
7.4 Aspiration
151
7.5 summary
152
APPENDIX I.
157-164
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
2.1
TITLE
Elements As A Rational For Using Technology In
PAGE
21
Education
2.2
Cognitive Taxonomy
24
2.3
Components Of Smart Schools
58
3.1
Research Paradigms, Approach And Strategies Of
66
Inquiry
3.2
Operational Research Framework For Phase 1
69
3.3
Operational Research Framework For Phase 2
73
3.4
Operational Research Framework For Phase 3
75
3.5
Operational Research Framework For Phase 4
76
4.1
The Budget For SSP Pilot Project 1999-2002
82
4.2
The Proportion Of Public Expenditure On Education As
83
A Percentage Of GDP In 1998-2000: Malaysia
Compared With Others
4.3
The Six Priority Areas For The Development Of Online
83
Curriculum In Australia Schools 2000-2005
5.1
Pre Higher Education System In Iran
108
6.1
SWOT Analysis Summary
133
6.2
Target Applications For Smart School Development In
144
Iran
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Relationship Between Business, IS And IT
15
2.2
The Main Components Of Smart School
46
2.3
Smart School Features
52
2.4
Principle Actors And Activities In Smart School
53
2.5
Present Schools Vs. Smart Schools
54
2.6
ICT Strategy Approach In MAMPU
62
3.1
Operational Framework
68
3.2
Research Schedule
77
4.1
Malaysian’s Vision For Knowledge Economy
80
4.2
Smart School Milestones For Malaysia
96
4.3
Smart School Roadmap For Malaysia
99
6.1
Computer Labs In Smart Schools In Iran
142
xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATION
DESCRIPTION
CRFP
Concept Request for Proposal
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
MSC
Multimedia Super Corridor
NICTA
National ICT Agency
NGN
Next Generation Network
SSP
Smart School Policy
SSMS
Smart School Management System
TAKFA
The Information and Communication Technology
Application Program in Iran
TSS
Telecom Smart School corporation