Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: S0634 / Hidrologi dan Sumber Daya Air
: 2006
: <<versi/revisi>>
Pertemuan 2
Proyek-proyek hidrologi dan
Sumberdaya Air
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan proyek-proyek hidrologi dan sumber
daya air (C2)
2
Outline Materi
• Materi 1: Unsur dan tujuan proyek
• Materi 2:Lingkup proyek hidrologi dan
sumberdaya air
• Materi 3:Komponen proyek hidrologi dan
sumberdaya air
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2. Proyek-proyek hidrologi dan
Sumberdaya Air
1. Satu atau lebih satu
pertanyaan berikut
harus terjawab:
 Berapa banyak air
dibutuhkan ?.
 Berapa jumlah air
yang tersedia ?.
 Bagaimana syarat
yang menguntungkan
bagi pemasok ?.
 Bagaimana air
digunakan dan
dibuang ?.
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Tujuan Proyek
Tujuan tergantung pada tingkat perencanaan
1. Untuk mencapai pengembangan ekonomi
nasional dengan peningkatan the output of
goods and services
2. Untuk mencapai kualitas lingkungan dengan
meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya alam dan
kultural dan sistem ekologi
3. Untuk mencapai kebutuhan sosial melalui
pengembangan aktivitas
4. Untuk mencapai pengembangan regional
melalui peningkatan income daerah, pekerja,
ekonomi, dan komponen lainnya.
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Lingkup Proyek hidrologi & SDA
a. Pengendalian banjir
Tujuan
Flood-damage Prevention or reduction
Protection of economic development
Conservation storage
River regulation
Protection of life
Struktur:
Dam, reservoir, Levees, Floodwalls, Channel
Improvements, Diversions, Floodways, Pumping
stations, Floodplain Zoning and management,
warning
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b. Domestic and industrial water supply
Tujuan :
• Pembagian Air untuk domestik, Industri, Perkotaan dan
lain penggunaan
Struktur:
• Dam, Reservoir, Sumur, Saluran,
• Pumping plant
• Treatment plant
• Saline-water conversion (desalination plant)
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c. Irrigasi
Tujuan:
• Peningkatan produksi pertanian, pengendalian salinitas.
Struktur:
• Dam, reservoir, Sumur, Kanal, Pumps and pumping plant,
weed-control, sistim distribusi, Farmland Grading
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d. Drainase
Tujuan:
• Rural and Urban Land Protection
• Improvement
• Reclamation
• Salinity Control
• Insect control
• Proteksi kesehatan masyarakat
Struktur:
• Ditches, Channel, tile Drains, Culvert, Conduits, Street, Storm drain,
Catch basin, Levees(bendungan), Pumping station, Detention and
Retention Basin, Soil treatment
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e. Tenaga listrik
Tujuan :
Penyediaan energi
Struktur:
Dam, reservoir, Canals, Conduits,
Penstocks, Turbines, Power Plants
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f. Navigasi
Tujuan:
• Transfortasi Barang dan Penumpang
Struktur:
• Dam, reservoir, Canals, Locks, Dredging,
Channel Improvements, Harbours.
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g. Sediment and erosion control
Tujuan:
• Reduction or control of channel and land erosion
• Protection of reservoir from silting
• Preservation and improvement of geomorphological
Environment and water quality
Struktur:
• Soil conservation
• Sound Forest Practices
• Debris Basins
• Desilting works
• Channel and revetment works
• Slope erosion control works
• Special Dam construction and reservoir operation
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h. Watershed Management
Tujuan:
 Penggunaan optimal air sebagai suatu sumberdaya
 Conservation and improvement of the soil
 Sediment abatement
 Runoff retardation
 Forest and grassland improvements
 Utilization of groundwater
 Protection of water supply
 Protection of water quality
Struktur:
 Soil and erosion conservation practices
 Forest management Practice
 Headwater control structures
 Small reservoirs
 Farm Ponds
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i. Air tanah
Tujuan:
• Groundwater harvesting and recharge
• Protection of groundwater quality
Struktur
• Wells
• Pumps
• Recharges basins
• Contamination control devices
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j. Recreational use of water
Tujuan:
• Increased well-being and health of people
Struktur:
• Reservoirs
• Marinas
• Facilities for recreational use
• Works for pollution control
• Preservation of Scenic and wilderness Areas
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k.Pollution control
Tujuan:
• Proteksi dan pengendalian kualitas air untuk
preservation and improvement of the
environment
Struktur:
• Storm runoff collection systems
• Sewage collection systems
• Retention and treatment facilities
• Reservoir storages for augmenting low flow
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l. Wetlands, fish and wildlifes
Tujuan:
• Preservation of wetlands
• Improvement of habitat for fish and wildlife
• Reduction or prevention of fish or wildlife
• Enhancement of sport Opportunities
• Provosion for expansion of commercial fishing
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Struktur
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wildlife refuges
Fish hatcheries
Fish ladders and screens
reservoir storage
Regulation of streamflows
Stocking of streams and reservoir with fish
Pollution control and land management
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Komponen Proyek
• Formulation
• Construction
• Operation
Formulations covers planning and design of structural and
non-structural facilities of the project in six steps:
1. Problem identification
2. Solution identification
3. Definition of alternatives
4. Evaluation of alternative projects
5. Comparison of alternative projects
6. Selection of a Project
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Tahapan Perencanaan
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air
1. Langkah awal perencanaan
a.Identifikasi tujuan :
• goal : umum
• objective : spesifik / jelas (kuantitatif)
b. Pengorganisasian :
• fungsional
• divisional
• matrix / overlay
c. Perangkat pengendalian :
• Planning Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Milestone chart (bar-chart)
• Goal deflection chart (program vs actual)
d. Penganggaran
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2. Pengelolaan Data
• Planning = the process that converts data and
information into a decision.
a. Pengumpulan data
• 4 parameter : kuantitas, kualitas, waktu / timing, lokasi
Data yang diperlukan :
• data fisik
• data sosio ekonomi :
• kelembagaan, demografi, geografi -sosial, ekonomi,
keuangan, hukum, sosial-politik
b. Kualitas data  tergantung tahapan studi : preliminary
study, feasibility study, detail design.
c. Data harus homogeneous dan representative :
• homogengeous : hasil pengukuran yang konsisten
• representative : lengkap / mewakili populasi
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d. Pengumpulan data untuk studi korelasi :
pengumpulan data yang dilaksanakan pada
saat yang bersamaan dengan suatu
kejadian :
- konsumsi air pada saat kekeringan
- data debit max. pada saat terjadi banjir
3. Studi awal (preliminary study)
4. Studi kelayakan (feasibility study)
5. Penyusunan desain rinci
6. Formulasi proyek
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Tahapan fomulasi proyek
• Reconnaissance or pre-feasibility study existing data review,
summaries minimum field work
• Feasibility study
-Detailed project alternative description
-Alternative cost estimates
-Alternative Environmental Impact analysis
-Alternative Economic and financial analysis
-Discussion of selected alternative
-Analysis of construction methods
-Construction Scheduling
-Financial projections of cost and revenue and identification of
financial sources
-Institutional and other requirements
• Final design
-Design adjustment
-Drawing, Specifications and Bid from contractors
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