CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE
CHI ROPR.l\CT I C AND t-'.ENTAL HEALTH
A graduate project submitted in partial satisfaction of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in
Education,
Educational Psychology,
Counseling and Guidance
by
Jocelyne Charvet
January, 1982
The Thesis of Jocelyne Charvet is approved:
California State University, Northridge
..
'I
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
wlsh to express my since.re and warm appreciatior: to my committ~e
members, Dr. Luis Rubalcava, Dr. Sukhdev Dall and Dr. Joe
McNair, whom have been so supportive of me during my research.
I send a special thought to my psychologist and long-time friend,
Dr. Michael Hontz, who be1 ieved in me.
I want to thank all my teachers who have been so dedicated to the
highest principles of education.
l give my love to my family and my friends who continue to
encourage me in all my endeavors.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL • • • •
ii
ACKNOWLEDGNENT
iil
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I
Review Studies, Overview on Chiropractic
8
CHAPTER l i
Triurne of Life
Triangle of Health
CHAPTER I! I
22:
Interviews
CHAPTER IV
It
• • •
'II
• • • • • • • •
47
Discussion and Conclusion
BI BL ~ OGRAP!-JY . • • • • • • • • • • •
iv
56
ABSTRACT
CHIROPRACTIC AND MENTAL HEALTH
by
Jocelyne Charvet
Master of Arts in Education
In my view, knmtledge is a
"Golden Book'' which expands through
time-with millions and millions of pages.
have never been tired
of reading these pages and hope that i never sha11.
A few days
ago~
stopped at page 1981 and read about Chlroprac-
tic.
The purpose of this project thesis is to investigate. discover
and report about the philosophy, principles, theories and
Chi 1·opract l c.
expL:.ilned.
reported.
~kills
of
Overview and the main concepts of this science vfi 1 ·1 b:.:
lnter·views with different authorities in the field wlH be
Discussion of Chiropractlc 1 s position and value in the
field of mental hea1th and psychotherapy wi11 be exposed.
for further research will be proposed.
v
Suggestions
CHAPTER I
Ch 1ropract i c is the New Age ph i1 osophy, science and art v-Jh i ch
focuses on correcting
the~interference
with the nervous system, the
coordination system of all body function.
to enable people to
manlfes~
The goa) of Chiropractic is
100 per cent of their individual innate
potentials given by their hereditary and environmental circumstancE?s.
/o"e
basic principle of Chiropractic is that the human body;
operating at its highest potential, is capable of maintaining perfect
health.
Another principle involves the degree to which the nervous
system Is operating efficiently is directly related to one's sense of
well-being and
wholen~ss.
7he spinal column is the life line of the
nervous system, and for this reason deserves the best care and mainter.ancc.
Thu:::;, Chiropractic
~.,rork
can be greatly
b<~r.e.ficial
for treatir.g
any imbalance in the body.
Chiropr,;:;ctlc does not diagnose or treat diseases and ir.firmities.
Therefore, it should not be classified ltJith the so-called
h~a1ing
a,..ts.
In order to understand what the ramifications of the art of Chiropractic is, it is important to recognize what health ls.
tion vJhkh has been taken from the
11
One defini-
Dor1and's r'ledlcal Dictionary" and
another one given by Halpert Dunn. M.D., might explain how health is
V!e~ved:
"A state of ct:)mplete
physical~
m..:mted and social W";l1·-bein9,
and not rne re! y an absence of d l sease and : nf i rm i ty. 11
And:
11
An
i:ntegrated method of functioning Hhlch ls oriented tovmrd ma;dm!z!ng
the potential of which an li~divldual is c,':Jp<.!ble 'udthin his herer:litary
and environmentol framework. 11
in other words, health implies an ide31
of coordination, evolution and balance.
Another concept which is needed to understand Chiropractic is the
sourct~
from v1hich health arises.
In the early years of chi idhood and
adolescence, we have been strongly influenced by sourLes such as mec:.Ja,
j"
advertising, billboards, etc., to believe that if
ne>.,lspapers~
~''e ha-ve
an ache or a pain, all that ls needed is medical product A orB to
solve the prnblem and erase the pain. /rhis be11ef engralned in our
subconsdous mind
symptoms.
ha~
r'
produced the idea that health is th0 absence of
What Chiropractic is suggesting is a complete new path that
looks for health within each person and recognizes the vJell-r·egulated
perfection of
1if,~
and nature.
It is life itself v1hich heals or may be, to be more accurate, the
free expression of life.
life and its unhampered expression (health)
are conditions that come from within.
The scientific law of homestasis
(internal stability) says that every organism in the universe has the
innate ability to be whole and healthy and stable within itself and its
environment.
We
have every potential we will ever need to live a
.
.1
•
balanceu existence.
ln order to express more of our potential, we need
only tl? keep the channels open for that expression (health) to perfnrm.
-..,j
(\In a few ·,...;ords. health means being complet0, ·.;ith every part of our
body functioning and adapting to its fullest potential.
asked is not how do
~•e
treat
What is to be
d!_~~~,
of the bcdy in an efficient manner'!
Thi~;
question leads to the understa!"ding of the nervous system as
a link between Innate potential and that expression of potential.
Along the recent years, studies in contemporary Chiropractic have discovered increasing amounts of evidence that vertebral (spinal) misplacement creates the most severe form of interference with the nervous
system.
Most interference to the ner·vous system is caused by •tartebral
misalignment or subluxation which occurs before the age of flve and
goes on unnoticed for years or even perhaps for a life-time.
According to Dr. Joe Flesia, Chiropractic and Dean of Continuing
.
.
~/----/
Education at Sherman College of Straight Chtropractlc,\.,...-the first sub-
luxation usually occurs during the birth process, not
becau~e
of
natural birth, but because of unnatural interference during the delivery
procedure.
Research into "sudden infant death'i (crib deaths) at the
University of Boston Hedical Center, have shown that death v1as linked
to cervical (neck) spinal cord damage.
As soon as this interference
occusr, the infant begins functioning at less than 100 oer cent.
Studies by Dr. C.H. -Suh, Director of Bio-Mechanical Research at the
University of Colorado, have shown that minimal pressure on a nerve
root at the point where it leaves the spinal column wrll reduce the
functionfng of that nerve by some 60 percent.
,·The:se examples of recent studies could demonstrate that any inter-
fcrence with the nervous system will lessen its ability to function
internally and to adapt to environmental and social stresses.
ln human anatomy, the brain stem and spinai cord are protec'Ced by
the vertebral column which is the bony structure surrounding the nerve
trunk from the upper neck to the !ower back.
If protection of the
spinal cord by the vartebral column were its only function, the spine
could have become a 1ong, solid cylindrical bone.
ln such case we
4
would be seriously handicapped In our motions.
backbone is segmented into
24
To allow move~r:~:rr'.:, the
freely movable vertebrae.
Along tb;;,
daily routine and the stresses of life, the spine is subject to tr~umas
and individual vertebra can become misaligned.
• •
•
) , menta 1
( acc:1'd ents, S!tttng
ot:cupataons
Traumas c.an be ph·yslcal
I
\nervou~
(fau1ty nutrition or consumption of drugs).
tention), or chemical
Such ndsalignments ca.n
create pressure on nerve tissue and therefore interfere in the Londuction of nerve impulses to other parts of the body.
This condition 'n
Chiropractic is called "subluxation".
Nerves travel. to various tissues and organs from each vertebra of
A subluxation reduces the nerve signals to the affected
the spine.
tissue or organ resulting in a dysfunction and might lead to an ever:<;ual
disease.
In 1895, Daniel David Palmer discovered the relationship between
subluxation and dysfunction when the hearing of one of his employees
~1as
restored by Palmer·'s adjustment of the upper cervical spine.
em~.doyee
had been deaf for 17 years.
the philosophy of Chiropractic.
The
D.O. Palmer was the initiator of
His premise was that illness is essen-
tiai ly functl.::ma1 ar;d becomes organic onl•t as an end process.
This
assertion is finding wider acceptance today.
X
Chiropractic has rt?.rnained outside the mainstream of modern medicire
!
"-'
.
---
,_.
.
because of lts major conceptv<hich is again thatthe body has innate
capacities for he.f3Hh.
This pr1 nci p 1e has been out of fashion in the
United States and the western world.
riOt
The holistic view of health is
widely accepted by the medical establishment for the reason that
It does not rely on technc1ogical intervention in the body.
Even today,
the internal mechanizms of the body are not completely understood
because they are more difficult to observe scientifically than the
impact of outside agents such as chemicals 11hich can be measured and
controlled.
Because no chemicals are used in Chiropractic the phar-
maceutica1 industry is not involved.
Therefore resources and financial
backing are not available to support;the profession.
Drug manufac-
turers provide substantial support for biomedical research.
The drug
industry has created a stron9 relationship with the medical field by
supporting medical schools, hospitals, academic journals and profess iona! seminars.
\//~
The Chiropractic profession is divided into two basic: groups-the
11
Straights 11 and the
11
Mixers 11 •
/
/'\--
-
The "Straights•• adhere to a strict notion of chiropractic defined
by B.J . Palmer, son of D.O. Palmer, and developer of the art and
science of Chiropractic (1924).
This notion is that the vertebrae sub-
luxation is the fundamental cause of disease and that the doctor of
Chiropractic should confine his work to adjusting the spine by hand
only.
(Chiropractic comes from the Greek Cheiros meaning hand and
p_!.~_tti!..9~.
meaning done by.)
In view of the ''Straights 11 , the primary
function of the Chiropractor is to protect brain/nervous system functlon by clearing the spine of vertebral subluxation.
"Innate fnt81ligence 0 within the bod·t is
pe~·mitted
ln doing so, the
to perform to its
maximum,
On !:he ether har.d 1
11
themi)(ers 11 are btt:)adening the scope of
practice to include any modality of health care th.::;t is naturaL
debate that Chiropractic is whatever the lav1 <:dio·,·;s, or
~,thatever
Some.,
does
'
not involve drugs and surgery.
Treatments and techniques often include
clinical nutrition, applied kinesiology,. physiotheraphy and meridian
therapy.
The difference between the
11
St:ra i ghts 11 and the
11
t1i xers 1 ' is
shown in their opposing, fundamental philosophical interpretations of
Chiropractlc.
According to W.l. Wardell in his
11
Handbook of Medical
Sociology, limited and Marginai Practitioners" (1980), these opposing
interpretations of Chiropractic cause the freld to remain c:tdivided
profession.
I .'
He stated that although studies reveal nearly unanimous
agreement among the nmk ·3nd flle, the American Chiropractic Association (ACA) and the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) should
merge.
However, the i eaden; of the two associations have not found it
possible to achieve organizational unity.
In regard to the wlde
disagree:nent among practicing Chiropractors as to what Chiropractic is;
it is perhaps surprising that the "Shibboleths" of the extremists still
govern much of the dialogue within the profession.
Wardell also adds
that although ACA members outnumber ICA members by about three to one,
the I CA has recent 1y exhIbited renev.:ed vita 1 i ty by moving 1ts offices
to Washington.
The ICA has also shown progress by actively supporting
the ant!-trust suit against organized rn<::.diclne;;, and by winning the
federal contract for its Foundation for the Advancement of Chiropractic
Tenets and Science (FACTS).
This organization has also
conduct~d
a
r.ation•JJid.:: study to determine the cost of Chiropractic educatior: and
the
cost~
:;upply ::And demand for Chiropractic services and manpc,.wer.
!CA has slgr.iflcantly reinforced its status.
While the AC/1. won the
competition to have its accrediting agency (CCE) designated by the
United States Office of Education to set standards for all Chiropractic
7
colleges, the lCA's Palmer College continues to attract and to graduate
by far the larger number of students.
CHAPTER II
In my overview of Chiropractic there are certain words which I
would like to bring forward in order to explain their meaning !n the
philosophy, art and science of Chiropractic.
These words are
11
lnnate
inte111gence 11 , innate potential, expression of life, luck, perfection
of life and nature, dis-ease, disease, etc.
I wl11 try to make the reader understand the values of these words
and the importance that they have !n the theories and principle of
Chiropractic.
I will therefore introduce one of the
33
prJr~ciples
of
Chiropractlc-·- 11Triune of Life"
In the study of any philosophy, it is necessary to examine not
only the individual segments of that philosophy; but also the effect of
each segment upon the next.
studied as a cohesive whole.
The philosophy can have mean! ng on 1y if
Parts taken out of context serve to con-
fuse the issues and create distortions and 1 imitations.
Sometimes,
however, a segment can be found which seems to stand alone or to be so
complete
i.i5
to be both a statement of the. phi1osophy and an explanation.
of it as \.'.'elL
It can, in fact, be the crucie:=.d point of the entire
phi l oscphy .
If Chiropractic can be said to have any such self-sustaining
segment, that part must be the "Tr june of Li fe 11 •
The
11
Triune of Life'' alone can be set apart from the whole and
yet rernaln a totality by itself.
The Triune of Life 11 explains the
relationship between the material and
th~
umnaterlal, and in p.:Jrtlcu··
iarly, the 1 inks uniting them.
These 1 inks are the three components
of the Triune--intelligence, matter
a~d
force.
Chiropractic prefers deductive reasoning (specific to general).
It Is based on a major philosophical premise that all conclusions are
drawn from fact number one.
Also, the major premise is the starting
point from which ail deductions are made.
by logic.)
(Webster Dictionary, 1981.)
(To deduce means to derive
The fact number one is that
there is a ••universal intelligence 11 in all matter, constantly giving
to matter all of its properties and activities and thus, maintaining
its existence.
Our modern usage of the definition of intelligence is through
the Webster Dictionary of 1981-- 11 power of the infinite mlnd. 11
But,
perhaps, instead of defining the phrase it might be better to explain
lts purpose.
The purpose of intelligence is to organize and to main-
tain organization.
Organization is the initial manifestation of
intelligence; and ir1telligence is the unique cause of organization.
The
two are interdependent.
Therefore, if the presence of intelligence
i!:, to be proven, it is necessary to demonstrate Hhzt may be called
nactive organization 11 --active to prove presence and organization to
prov'c intel·l igence.
Since Chiropractic is based upon this vitalistic viewpoint, meaning again the "universal intelligence 11 ; it is important to accept the
premise.
To study the universe as a 111hole is a task which Is obviously
beyond the scope of a human mind.
Consequently, the study might be
made through a small and reasonably comprehensible portion of the
whole, i.e. the universe, the atom.
Through this small and complex
particle of matter, we might be able to prove the existence of organization and by that the existence of intelligence.
The atom consists of a number of tiny units of electrical energy.
In lts nucleus there are positively charged units called protons and
a number of neutrons which carry no charge.
Electrons or negatively
charged particles maintain a constant and consistent pattern of orbit
around the nucleus.
The nature of the matter is determined by the
number of particles present and the pattern or ring formation of the
orbit or path.
(DeGiacomo, 1978).
Matter and energy are one.
Matter
exists as such, only as long as ihe electrons are maintained in organized orbits.
(Albert Einstein, 1905).
It is the organization, or
more specifically the intelligence which causes the organization, that
maintains the matter in existence by uniting its component parts
together in an electrical bond.
These component :parts are not matter 1
but units of electrical energy.
If the organization is ever disturbed
the cohesive force is lost and the units separate with tremendous force
as pure energy.
(DeGiacomo, 1978)
·It is only by organization of the
electrical units that all of matter in the universe is prevented from
becoming a g l gant ic exp 1os ion.
very existence of matter.
must hElve a cause.
gent action.
Organi ZC!tion then is primordia 1 to the
However, organization is an effect and thus,
Organization is always a manifestation of intelli-
Universal Intelligence is the cause of the organized
state of the universe.
It is therefore the cause of all matter.
Then:
to rephrase the major premise of Chiropractic, it is accurate to say
.'
)'!
that all matter is created and maintained in its existence by the
organizing activity of the Universal lnte·11igcnce.
All matter may be divided into two categories:
things and inanimate or without life.
.Arlimate orJivlng
Living things show basic mani·-
festations called signs of 11fe which are assimilationr excretion,
adaptability) growth and reproduction.
these signs.
Inanimate things do not exhibit
The main difference between the animate and the Inanimate
is the state of organization which is present.
The inanimate is organized on a level no higher ·than a molecule.
Therefore, it is maintained in existence but is
i ng any signs of 1 i fe.
inc~pable
of manifest-
It cannot adapt to changes in environment and
so, is at the mercy of the elements.
Living things or
animate~
on the other hand, consist of molecules
t-vhich are bonded together in an organized pattern, and part of a
coordinated unit.
When acted upon by the elements, all matter is
broken down to the lowest level of its organization.
is reduced to mo 1ecu 1es.
Inanimate matter
In 1 ivi ng matter·, the mo i ecu 1es are organized
into cells, cells into tissues, tissues into organs and
systems.
Finally, all systems are united
living thing.
(DeGiacomo, 1978).
i~to
orga~s
Into
the total organism or
This total integration and inter-
activity of all molecules shows the presence of a much higher degree
of organization than ln inanimate matter.
It is that higher level of
organization that allows adaptation to take place with the individual
properties of all molecules being selectively utilized for survival of
the v.Jhole.
(DeGiacomo, 1978).
It should be mentioned here that
reference to the human mind is not to be referred.
A blade of grass
has not the ability to reason, yet, the interfunction of its component
parts is as intelligently organized as that of man, the most complex
of nature's creatures.
This is intelligent action and a definite
adaptive response to circumstances.
It is true that man is a reasoning creature but his ability to
think is the product of a total type of intelligence.
to make a difference between the two intelligences.
It ls important
Chiropractic
philosophy uses two different terms.
The faculty to form value judgments and the ability to remember
are all manifestations of an intelligence which man controls.
quality and quantity vary greatly.from person to person.
enhanced by learning or damaged by illness.
Its
It can be
This intelligence is
called the "education mind".
The unborn wisdom of any living thing which maintains its parts
in active organization for the purpose of function is called the
11
innate inte11lgence 11 •
It maintains and coordinates dozens of organs,
hundreds of muscles, miles of blood vessels and countless numbers of
cells.
"lnm:te intei 1 igencen is as great in the moron as it is in the
genius.
It is always present at a 100 per cent level in every 1 iving
thing from the most complex dm'/n to the simplest particle of life.
There can be no 1 ife without
11
innate inte11 igence".
The major difference between the "educated mind" and the "innate
inte1ligence 11 is the quality of perfection.
Since it is a part and,
yet, apart from "universal ir.te11igenc::e 11 , it must be as perfect as the
perfection of "universal intelligence" itself.
and always functioning at 100 per cent .. This
It is always present
chara~teristic
of
infallibility is very important because it means in essence that the
body within its wisdom ah1ays knows what is best for perfect function.
it also means that ''innate inte11 igence 11 wi 11 al\.;ays act in the best
interest of that body at ali times.
11
lnnate intelligence" is only
limited by the matter \"'ith which it has to work and the time aval1able
for such work.
Hans Seyle in his book, ';Stress of Life 11 states that life is a
constant process of adaptation and all functloris can be considered a
I
'
form of adaptation.
Therefore, to come back to the "Triune of Life"
and its three components, It is to say that adaptation is a constant
function of "innate intelligence".
Since internal environment changes
in thousands of ways every second of life, adaptive response must also
be as constant and fast.
As it \';las said previously, adaptation is the expression of the
organizatlon of life-··but is not life.
"Innate intelligence" alone
is not life but rather the intangible basis of life.
basis for Jlfe ls matter or material substance.
The tangible
Both must be present
Life itself is a composite of the two-·one express-
for tive to exist.
ing itself through the other.
The body is composed entire1y of matter.
through which
11
The matter is the form
innate intelligence 11 expresses itself.
constituent of the
11
It is the second
Triune of Life 11 •
From the above explanation of the components of the "Triune of
Life•j. it might seem that life is the coincidental presence of matter
and inte11 igence.
However, the presence of both is not sufficient.
For instance, bacteria are a1 ive and therefore, shov;, the presence of
i-4
intelligence.
In a corpse there are bacteria and there is to be found
both matter and intelligence existing coincidentally.
not alive.
But a corpse 1s
In order for this body to be alive, there must be a 1 ink
uniting both matter and intelligence.
The 1 ink wh:Ch unites both is ••force".
11
Force 11 (or energy in the
study of physics) completes the "Triune of Life" and is as essential
as the two other factors.
potential.
There are two forms of energy:
kln~tic
and
Kinetic energy is energy in action (applied energy).
Potential energy is energy which is stored or tied up.
The force which
ties "universal intelligence" with matter is potential.
It is that
which maintains atoms in existenci and forms the electrical bond
between atoms in a molecule.
If a molecule is divided by chemical
reaction, potential energy is released to become kinetic energy,
usually in the form of heat.
The human body, like all other matter, is composed of atoms and
molecules and is therefore a storage house for potential energy.
It
Is a vast laboratory wherein chemical reactions are constantly taking
place which convert potential into kinetic energy.
It takes in
potential energy in the form of food and turns it Jnto kinetic energy
by physiological chemistry.
forces of the universe.
Universal forces are the generalized
They are governed by universal laws.
They
are absolutely not adaptable for constructive purposes and will therefore act to destroy structural matter.
be adapted.
The mission of
11
Universal forces can however
innate inteliigence" is to adapt
universal forces for use in the body.
The function of "innate
int:.:dligence" is to create forces to fulfill its mission.
A "universal
t5
fo.rce" (forces arranged by "innate intell igence 11 for use by the body)
is always beneficial.
That is its purpose.
Its action upon "univer-
sal forces•• is to change them to their exact opposite so that they
can \'Jork according to the laws of adaptation.
Resistive forces are "innate forces" which oppose the invasion
of external forces into the body.
11
!nvasive forces 11 arc
11
universa1
forces 11 which enter and act upon the body in an unadaptabie and
destructive manner.
Both "resistive forces" and
11
invasive forces•• may
be physical or chemical in nature and will have a specific response
from
11
innate forces''.
A good example of "force 11 being used by
·~atter••
is a Chiropractic adjustment.
11
inte11igence 11 to affect
A Chiropractjc adjustment is
a specific manipulative procedure applied to the subluxated vertebra.
The principle of Chiropractic adjustment is to intentionally introduce
a specific limited external invasive force to the spine.
This meets
with the internal resistive force of the body and the resultant concussion of forces is used within the body by
correct subluxation.
11
innate intelligence 11 to
An ill-timed or unbalanced resistive force may
result ln subluxations, sprains, etc.
But these unbalanced resistive
responses are always due to mistakes brought about by the
11
educated
mind 11 •
Mental forces or mental impulses are
11
innate forces 11 which are
generated In the brain and travel via nerves to all parts of the body.
Mental forces originate in the brain as an intangible result of mental
precesses.
Science has long searched to classify the nature of mental
impu1s~s
impulses, but since these mental
chemical, no answer has yet been found.
are ne1ther physltal nor
The method of neural Uansfer
or mental forces is described as an electro-chemical phenomena clnd has
been understood by neurophysiologists.
But as F.P. DeGiacomo stated
in his book, "Han's Greatest Gift to Man ... Chiropractic:~, to understand
their prime mode of transmission 15 not to understand the forc,?.s them-
selves.
'
I
Always referring to the author's statement, recent experiments
\vith "thought waves 11 at Duke University have shown that although nerves
are a major pathway for transmission of mental forces, they are by no
means the only pathway.
Chiropractic is very much involved w'lt!~ the
neural transmisslon of mental impulses, and specifically with the
interference of that transmission which is an
11
ation.
integ~al
part of sublux-
lnnate forces" can fail ln their mission only when their
transmission is blocked, which brings about lack of organization, lack
of harmony and order or "d i s-ease"--not to be confused vd th
I
-,-j\
11
Dis-ease" by definition cannot exist ~vithout a loss of
inteiiigence!l or coordination.
without
1
11
d i sease 11 •
11
innate
Disease, on the other hand, can exist
'dis-·ease'' and visa versa.
For instancet when subluxation is
existant but tissue damage has not yet, as a result, reached the
identifiable symptomatic stage,
11
dis~ease 11
is there but not "disease 11 •
In other words, disease is a c1 ass i fi cation of sickness; "Dis-ease"
is incoordination in the sick body.
in summary and conclusion in respect to the perfection of the
1
'T r-i-une-ef-bi-f--eL7-everyth-i-n-g--'-tn- the-un+ve-rse-,-botirtang-1'-&h:-aml--------
intangible, is the result of
11
universa1 intedl igence".
All matter
a11 intelligence and all forces are the result of
gence".
11
universal intelli-
They are, thus, all perfect for their purposeJ 100 per cent
of the time.
The only possible cause of imperfect action is the
influence of some secondary intelligence, meaning the ''educated mind"
which possessed by man.
The HTr i une of Li fe 11 then is perfect as to qua 1 i ty and quantity
but has certain limitations within which it must work.
-f>
effects of
11
Like all other
universal intelligence 11 , it can only exist within the
framework of universal la\-.JS.
D.O. Paimer in his book, "Science, Art and Philosophy of Chiropractic11 (19i0) stated,
11
The determined causes of disease are trauma-
tism, poison and autosuggestion.''
This statement introduces a
wholistlc concept of the total person as the patient and the three
basic causes of health problems.
These causes are demonstrated by an
equilateral triangle named "The Triad of Health 11 •
One side of the
trlangle ls labeled, chemical; and the other, mental.
triangle rr;presents the structural aspect.
The base of the
A doctor who is aware of
these three factors can evaluate his patients from all three sides of
the Triad; and can increase his ability to find the basic underlying
Chirot1:r<1Ctors
cause of the patient's bealth problem.
Only by paying close attention
to all sides of the equilateral triangle can the total person be
treated.
If one side becomes deficient, ill health will follow.
Often, physicians in a specialty try to influence the other two sides
of the Triad by treatment in their area of skills.
results In creating a lopsided triangle.
This influence
This is not to deny the
effectiveness of the medical method, but, often this one way of treatment lacks basic attention to the underlying cause of the patient's
chief complaint.
Each side of the triangle is represented by one or more special-
ties in both natural health and allopathic medicine ..
Physical traumas
can be treated by structurally oriented health care doctors such as
Chiropractors, massage therapists and sometimes osteopaths.
The
Chiropractor takes care of the subluxation and the physical stress is
gone if the primary factor was structural.
lf the structural stress
ls secondary to a mental or chemical stress, all structural approaches
v~ill
be either unsuccessful or recurring until the mental or chemical
problem will be removed.
Allopathy/Nutrition
Nutritionists and medical doctors will be the health practitioners
. involved in the chemical side of the triangle.
Nutritionists would
use nutritional supplements or substances that the body should produce
and does not,--like hydrochloric acid.
The medical doctors woule pre-
S{';ribe drugs in an attempt to control body dysfunction.
~
Appropriate diets and medication can improve the chemical side of
the Triad; but if malabsorbtion in the digestive system exists from
neurological imbalance of either structural or mental background,
positive effects will not take place before the primary source of
stress is corrected.
Psychologists/Psychiatrists
Psychologists, counselors and ministers represent the natural
approach to the mental side of the triangle.
Psychlatri:;ts by using
medications and shock therapy represent more the allopathic approach.
Therapy or counseling can have successful f~ffects in many emotion-
al disturbances.
Change in mental attitude may improve adrenal
function which often affects health problems.
However, if the patient
is depressed and his depression is due to functional hypoglycemia,
2.0
results of the therapy will be minimal until the physiological
condi~
tion is treated.
I nterp 1ay bet\'leen the sides of the Triad shou 1d be observed very
carefully.
It is often extremely important in nearly all cor;dittons~
especially if the condition is chronic.
The more chronic a condition,
the more involved it will be 1r1ith the three sides of the triangle.
This is almost a rule.
Careful evaluation is necessary not only to
solve the patient's complaint but to help find other hidden problems
!
./
of which the patient may be unaware.
D.S. Walther in his book, "Applied Kinesiology, The Advanced
Approach in Chiropractic'', (1980), gives an example of the ·interrelationship within the Triad.
He says:
There are many ways that the chemical side of a
problem can affect the mental. Doctors who work
with orthmolecu]a~ p~ychiatry have found that
food additives can put certain susceptible people
into acute psychiatric problems. Often when
chemicals affect mental processes, there is also
a structural side involved. Most people who are
extremely susceptible to food additives have frank
allergies which are causing the problem.
So we see structural problems causing allergic reactions, in turn,
causing increased susceptibility to chemicals and finaJ!y causing
mental hea!th problems or depression.
George J. Goodheart, Jr. in his article,
Pattern'', (The Digest of Chiropractic
11
The Schizophrenic
Economi~s,
1970), demonstrates
another example where the struccure affects the mental.
In a case
history where the diagnosis was schizophrenia, a patient had an auto
accident several years previous to h1s mental disorder.
This accident
started the beginning of differer1t health problems and notably mental
aberrations, diagnosed then as schizophrenia.
structural imbalance of the pelvis.
The accident created a
As a result, proprioceptive
communication to the rest of the body became disorganized, devP!oping
/
into what is known as "homolateral crawl pattern".
Goodheart in his article stated that this pattern is present in
schizophrenics.
'.
! I
The pelvic distortion also created constant stress to the sartorius and gracillio muscles, affecting their glandular association, the
adrenals.
Hypoadrenia (depletion of adrena and stress) is quite
important in blood sugar regulation.
C. Fredericks in his book, ''psycho-Nutrition", (1979), mentioned
that 60 per cent of schizophrenics have hypoglycemia.
is like other conditions.
Schizophrenia
There is always a causative factor.
In this
case, the chemical and structural sides of the Triad must be corrected
to eliminate the mental factor.
As a conclusion, careful evaluation of all three sides of the
Triad of Health is mandatory in the treatment of patients.
Negligence
by health practitioners to look through these three basic causes of
health problems can decrease their ability to determine the patient 1 s
main and basic complaints; and can create recurrer.ce of the problem.
Each side of the triangle is represented by one or more specialities
in both natural health and
all~pathic
medfcine.
Examples of the interplay between the sides of the Triad are given
{
\
through the. research of the 1 i terature.
CHAPTER Ill
INTERVIEW WITH DR. WAYNE BROWN
In my fIrst interview, I exp 1or.ed the vi e~vs of Dr. vlayne Brmvn
regarding Chiropractic influence upon emotional disturbances.
Dr. Brown is a knowledgable authority, presently in private practice as a Chiropractor and a psychologist.
He is Head of the Depart-
ment of Psychiatry at the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic in
1.;
Glendale, California, where he teaches psychiatry.
Dr. Brown is also
currently serving as President of the ACA Council on Mental Health.
Dr. Brown commenced the interview by stressing one important
point.
He explained that all Chiropractors define their fundamental
treatment as spinal manipulation or
11
adjusting", but that 80 per cent
of California practitioners supplement the basic. procedure with adjunct
..\/,,.
-
measures.\(\He also emphasized that it is mandatory to keep in mind that
many different adjunct measures are avai1able which can enhance the
"adjustment" or the results of it.
He further stated that if one were
to define Chiropractic according to the strict terms of the "Straights''
treatmen~
would be limited to adjustment of the spine and nothing more.
In De. Brm·m 1 s opinion, this view is a narrow conception of wh2t
Chiropractic can do to influence the symptoms associated with amotiona1
disturbances.
He pointed out that if one were to use the concept of
. Applied Kinesiology (A.K.) and Nutrition, then one vmuld have a
broader base upon which to vi evJ Chiropractic as a tota 1 disci p 'i i ne.
Such a concept would show what Chiropractic can do to alleviate symptoms in emotional disorders.
22
2,]
Dr. Brown stated that App1 ied Kinesiology is one major adjunct
measure developed by Dr. G. Goodheart.
words
11
Applied 11 and
11
He explained that the combined
Kineslolog/ 1 describe the basis of the system of
evaluating body function through the dynamics of the musculoskeletal
system.
He also mentioned that (A.K.) deals largely with functional
health disturbances as opposed to pathological disorders.
hovmver)
that a chronic functional disturbance can ultimately lead to
pathology.
i
'
He added,
Dr. Brown feels that each of the two aspects must be
approached and studied in a different way.
According to Dr. Brown, Dr. Goodheart, in his
book~
refers to
Applied Kinesiology as a laboratory of investigation, takihg into
consideration a large range of potential functional disturbances.
And
he sees A.K. as a system of comprehensive evaluation which puts this
method in step with the recent trend.
Dr. Brown pointed out that Hans Selye, in his book,
?treys~~
Life:., 'JJdtes about the stresses that activate the General Adaj.Jtation
Syndrome (GAS) or
stres~
11
Stress Syndrome.••
Selye believes that emotional
is the most devastating.
In
re~Jard
to emotional stress, Dr. Brown feels that the Bennet
techniquE:s whlch deals vvith emotional
c:~nters,
is very helpful,
especially in the treatment of ulcers.
~It
tAJh.::~t
is not what you have eaten which gives you an ulcer, but
i 5 eating you--as the o 1d saying goes, 11 added Dr" Brovvn.
Although the adjunct technique is not an adjustment,
it is as much a Chiropractic procedure as manipulation. They both do the same thing--influence the
nervous system. Remember that the basic theory of
24
Chiropractic is whatever we do to influence the
nervous system is reflected throughout ali aspects
of the body, 11 exp 1a i ned Dr. Brown.
11
Hans Selye wrote that the circulatory system and the neural
system work hand in hand,l 1 reminded Dr. Brovm.
11
lt is known thr011gh
clinical experiments that you can denervate an experimental animal
and still produce the stress reaction through the humoral system
( f1 u ids of the body) and the neural system.
hypoth~lamic,
pituitary and adrenal axis.
They work through the
The adrenals are the only
endocrine glands that have a direct neural connection with the brain.
So, whether it 1 s neural or hormonal, stress responses will take place.
Chiropractic has a direct and mediating effect on the GAS.
Unfortu-
nately, there is not a great deal of evidence on this effect, but most
of them are triangular--meaning structural, chemical and emotional.
11
Going back to G. Goodheart and his system of Appl led Kinesic-
logy--nutrition is another adjunct measure of Chiropractic and 1 'App1lcd
Kinesiology 11 utilizes it.
We are now aware that every single muscle
requires basic nutrients.
Nutrition has an important role in embryo-
logy.
layer~,
Let me er,;p1a!n.
In the embryo, cells form three different
the hectoderm which is the outside layer and which develops
into the skin, the hair, the nails and the bronchial parts of certain
glands.
The mezzoderm which is the middle layer and develops into the
bones, the muscles and the blood.
And
fin~lly,
the endoderm which is
the deeper Jayer and develops in all digestive visceras.
Out of these
very simple, general layers all structures eventually develop.
These
embryological patterns are related to the eventual fully developed
body.
For instance, someone may start to develop cramps in the calf
muscle.
The condition goes back to the embryo when parts of the
tissue which developed into the adrenals differentiated into the calf
muscle.
There is then a relationship between these tissues.
To
111ustratt:: a spasm in the calf muscle will go aHay in tvJo or three
minutes if an adrenal tablet is given.
'~nether
example involves the gallbladder.
Tender spots located
on the left shoulder, on the right knee and an the fourth thoracic may
tndicate problems with the gallbladder.
I
•'
to the gallbladder in the
embryologic~]
These spots are all related
state.
The interior head of
the "Deltoid" muscle (shoulder) is related to the gallbladder as well
as the Popliteus muscle down on the side of the knee.
The fourth
thoracic is related to the gallbladder through the spine.
1
~hen
you understand these relationships, it gives you a clear
concept why adjunct measures to Chiropractic are effective.
ment of the bones is important, but not enough.
the rrrusc1es at the same time is necessary.
Adjust-.
Testing and balancing
It is the muscles which
pull the bones out of alignment.
"As an example, if one were to put up a tent and the ropes were
very tight on one side and loose on the other, the tent would not
stand up straight.
The principle is the same for the spine.
When a
muscle or several muscles pull tight oh one side and get looser on the
other, there will be a change in the al ighment of the spine.
ing by itself does not always correct rnisalighment.
Adjust-
It may be
temporary, but if we rebalance those muscles and provide proper
nutrition, it does help to maintain their integrity, then with the
adjustment, the total treatment will restore their functions and help
these muscles to stay in the right position."
Dr. Brown continued, "In the 'o.1 d days
1
Chiropractic was exp 1a i ned
by the theory of the 'kink in the hose'--meaning kinking the hose so
the >vater cannot get out.
In other \-'lords, there is a subluxation in
the spine and pressure is put on the nerve or what is called the
!
pl nched nerve.
11
111
Research has demonstrated that this is not quite effective.
It
has been found that instead of decreasing the nerve flow, it increases
i
,/
the irritation to the end organ and malfunction and disturbance of the
hon1E:ostasis still exist.
The adjustment helps restore the musculo-
skeletal homeostasis of the body, but because the nerves of the seine
go everywhere, they can influence almost every organ and nerve fiber
at certain levels of the spine.
It is a fact that certain outflo;IJ
of nerves and certain areas of the body supply organs, will be affected
if there are problems in the spine.
It may change in the body the pH
level (the degree of acidity), the lymphatic drainage, the circulation
and/or muscle tone.
"For
exampie~
how can Chiropractic help a sore throat? A bacterias
can only grow within a very 1 imited range of pH.
range or it cannot proliferate.
It must have that pH
It is knmm that we have all kinds of
bacterlas in the throat, all the time.
As long as good circulation
and good lymphatic drainage are present, the pH is maintained at a
level where the bacterias cannot grow.
If a subluxation exists, or a
change in the lymphatic drainage, or a lack of good nutrition takes
place, then a change in the pH level begins.
This change produces an
ideal pH for the bacterias to become erratic--which it does many times.
lf the pH level ls restored to the proper level, the bacteria can no
longer grow.
'Adjusting•• modifies the blood flow and the lymphatic
drainage and helps the muscle tone in the body.
It does very favor-
ably influence these functions ffom that distance where the problem
exists.
For instance, when the 'phantom 1 imb 1 phenomena is present, the
brain interprets pain in terms of where the nerve would normally be.
Someone with an amputatcid leg might feel an urge to scratch his
missing big toe.
The leg and toe are no longer attached to the body,
but the brain does not know that an continues to send messages through
the cut-off nerve which formerly lead to the big toe.
lates these messages as irritation.
happens in the body.
The brain trans-
This kind of confusion sometimes
The brain interprets certain messages in one
way when the problem is located somewhere else.
Dr. Brown mentioned that in his years of practice as a psychologist, he had worked with heavy suicidal patients.
He stated that he
always found these patients to have an intense, dynamic
close family member or a friend.
ha~red
for a
Tremendous hostllity was a very
significant factor in their emotional state.
Lack of being able to
express negative feelings made these patients turn their hostility
inward,
According to Dr. BrowP, using Chiropractic work and Kinesiology
together can many times help release this strong emotion.
Through
this emotional outlet, the patient then can get in touch with his feelIng of hostility.
28
Being familiar with the Reichian Therapy, I asked Dr. Brown if
this method was popular among
11
broad practitioners 11 in Chiropractic.
He responded that Chiropractors who are involved in psychotherapy
in their practice normally become
Reichia~
therapists; they also
combine the use of Bio-energic from A. Lowen.
As Dr. Brown explained,
Reichian therapy affects the muscles and helps bring emotional release
\vhile Bio-energetic works on basic body functions such as breathing,
moving, etc.
He added that aithough the Reichian therapy and A.
Lowen 1 s Bio-energic treatment are not Chiropractic, they car., hevertheless, be a very powerful adjuo1ct in affective disorders.
I asked Dr. Brown about his views of the two categories of Chiropractic --
11
11
straingts 11 and
broad practitioners."
I have learned about these two gr:)ups.
nstr:::lightsp as
being very
11
He reinforced what
Dr. Brown described the
doctrinaire''; and as being very dedicated--
almost to the point of exercising their views as they would a religion.
Dr. Brown said, ;'The 'stral9hts 1 insist that Chiropractic involves
only adjusting by hand; and they oppose any progressive ideas in
respect to Chiropractic.
Holy Graa1.
1
They see themselves as the 'holders of the
They feel that physical therapy, nutrition and all other
adjunct measures in the scope of Chiropractic should be relegated to
the practice of medicine.
As far as the •straights' are concerned,
anything Q_ut_ adjusting the spine is the practice of medicine.
"Fortunately," added Dr. Brown, "they represent a small percentage
of the profession.
But, they are very vocal when they testify in
front of a committee, they pretend to represent the profession as a
\'.ihole--wh!ch is not true.
However~
they persist in projecting this
erroneous impression.
Still legislators are not too much impressed
by them and are aware that their numbers are a mere handful.''
11
0n the
ot~c::r:_t-.§lnd,''
continued Dr. Brm..,rn,
11
1
broad practice•
,.-~r~-''
Chlro~ractors
are dedicated to the welfare of their pat1ents and do
not focus on a specific approach.
1
stralght' and
1
Both types of Chiropractors,
broad practitioners•) use Chiropractic and this basic
I ,
technique creates difficulties all over the country when it comes to
d-efining the fu11 scope of Chiropractic. 11
Before concluding my interview with Dr. Brown, I asked him what
people he considered to be important in the field of Chiropractic.
He referred to Major Bertrand DeJarnette who is the founder of
11
Sacro-Occipitai technique (SOT) and the leading figure in the field
of Craniopathy.
He explained that "cranial therapy 11 was introduced
by William Gardner Sutherland in 1898, and developed later on by
DeJarnette who was one of his former students.
Dr. Brown added that Dr. D. Denton was also an important figure
in the field of Craniopathy and that he was the President of the
Craniopathy soc:2ty.
Considering Dr. Brown 1 s opinion of D. DeJarnette, I decided that
it might be interesting to have another interview wlth one of the
authorities ln the field of Craniopathy, to learn more about their
techniques and how those techniques relate to Chiropractic.
30
INTERVIEW WITH DR. DAVID DENTON
Craniopathy
is a holistic form of health which 1 ike Applied
-----·-·---v•·- ,..----•'-•''~;_,:::_~_.
Kinesiology is triangular.
That is, the three basic components of
man, psychological, chemicaJ and structural, must be kept in complete
and total balance ln order to maintain health.
Craniopathy is the
science which deals with the location and removal of cranial respiratory interruption, malfunction, hypo/ or hypermobil ity, fixation or
statis of the cranial sutural, dural and cerebral spinal fluid systems.
(Denton, 1979).
Cranial therapy is the method by which normal balance of cerebral
function and output is restored in the individual.
manual manipulation.
This is done by
As I referred at the end of my first interview,
the first person to lay dovm the research and the principles of the
science of Craniopathy was William Gardner Sutherland in 1898.
Sutherland noticed that the sutures of the cranium (irregular lines
of junction) did not fuse as did other joints or bone appositlons whlch
were closely united.
He remarked that these sutures had motion.
then, concluded t!1at cranial bones move.
He,
He saw this motion as
necessary for movement and circulation of the cerebral spinal fluid;
and for the neurological function of the brain.
Sutherland~
In the year of 1920,
who was an Osteopath 1 presented his findings and
theories to the Osteopathic profession.
The results of that research
are the foundation for the practice of Craniopathy.
After reading in a general sense about the science of Craniopathy
decided to broaden my superficial knowledge by intervlev.Jing a quali-
31
fied Craniopath and Chiropractor, Dr. David Denton, who is the President of the Society of Craniopathy in los Angeles.
I was interested
to learn more about the cranial mechanisms in relation to hea!th
problems of all sorts.
Dr. Denton began by describing the relationship of dural
structures and cerebal spinal fluid motion as they relate to the
physiological function of the body.
I
!
I ,.
He explained that the skeleton
portion of the cranium is composed of twenty bones.
Eight of these
bones form the cranial vault structure; and fourteen make up the
facial structure.
lations.
All of these bones are joined by sutures or articu-
The inside of the. skull is lined by very tough fiberous
membranes called "Dura Matter."
This Dura Matter attaches all the
bridges inside and penetrates the sutures.
degrees of motion.
These minute degrees of motion are only one
hundredth of an inch.
They are important for the expansion of the
skull when the brain pulsates.
a rythmic cycle,
These sutures have minute
As we breath, the brain aiso goes in
Its hemispheres expand and contract, synchronizing
with the respiratory medhanism.
This pulsing is the creator of the
cerebral spinal fluid motion.
"As an image,•• continued Dr. Denton,
11
the hemispheres of the
brain might be seen as the wings of a giant bird raising upon inhalation and folding at exhalation.
11
The purpose of this rythmic cycle is for the cerebral fluid to
flo\l.i and circulate normally c;round the brain and the spinal cord.
This motion can be visualized in the lateral ventricules {sacs) of the
brain.
They perform by filling and expelling with cerebral fluid.
32
The cerebral fluid is formed and secreted by
ventricules.
1
Choroid Plexus• of the
The cerebral sp1nal fluld which is the electrol_yte
excitor of the brain acts as sulphuric acid does in the storage
battery of a car.
Therefore, if the cerebral fluid is not kept in
motion and under constant pressure, the electrolyte balance of the
fluid changes and the electrical impulses of the cerebral hemispheres
As an example, if a car has sulphurchloric acid in its
are altered.
battery, it will get weak and it won•t be able to start in the morning.
Refreshed cerebrospinal fluid and proper circulation around the brain
are very important for the brain and for proper pulling of the dura
m~mbranes
in order to avoid torquing of the dura with extension on one
side and flexion at the opposite side, and bending of the cranial
bones.
As an example, imagine the trestlings of a puppeteer; this
i s how i t
11
\'IO
r ks •
ln Chiropractic and Craniopathy, it is said that function is
definitely predicated upon structure and we are structure.••
/ Dr. Denton added,
11
We are etherical beings who have to transmit
whatever we are, through our brain and we must try to make the structure function.
All the other systems of the body are just helping
agents to that structure.
Our muscles make our structure move; our
hearts make the circulation of the blood so we get lubricants to that
structure; our kidneys get rid of wastes, etc.
All these various
things are just comp1 imentary systems to our structure; and our
structure is needed by us to move around.
the structure functions.
The brain controls the way
If the messages can get through the spinal
33
cord out to the nerves and to all tissues, then we can function the
way we should.
11
1f the cranial bones get distorted through the torquing of the
dura membranes, parts of the body (organs, muscles, bones, etc.) wi11
not function properly.
11
We know now through recent research that the Eudorphins hormones
come from the brain and that the brain is secreting about 400 hormones.
This makes the brain the biggest gland in our body; and also our
ral computer.
It is 80% of our nervous system.
~ent­
The brain is not an
ideal organ, it needs to function properly.
11
1n correcting and balancing the cranial and the spinal structure,
we balance 80% of the nervous system.••
In regard to treatment of health problems, I asked Dr. Denton
what he would do as a Chiropractor and as a Craniopath in the case of
hypoglycemia and depression.
His answer was that he would take a
holistic approach and look at the patient through the three sides of
the Triad.
His first step
~tJould
be to ask for a complete blood/urine test
and Dr. Sheraskin's six hour glucose test whlch is given with natural
foods like bananas or orange peels instead of synthetic glucose.
These
tests should be made to find out the blood sugar level of the patient;
and to look for any deficiencies in the body.
Then his next step would be to check if there are any pressures
in
the spine and the nerves--due to the relation with the pancreas
secreting insulin which controls the blood sugar; and the adrenals
which are responsible for stress.
Dr. Denton would work in the area of the sixth thoracic
(6 T.) which is specifically involved with the pancreas.
From the standpoint of Craniopathy, he would work with the left
Occipital mastoidian suture which is related to the Sacro-llliac which
in turn is related to the 6 T. whlch is related to the pancreas.
In
this process, everything will be tied in.
Dr. Denton explained,
11
1n regard to depression, i \1ou!d relieve
a patient in a matter of minutes with the proper cranial adjustment.
It does not mean that a state of depression will not come back--if
the reason for this feeling is psychological.
has to be treated if the cranial
~djustm~nt
The emotional problem
is to remain successful.
But in another way, the psychotherapist cannot alleviate the feeling
of depression if something physical or chemical is involved.
What I
am saying is that the word, depression, is literally what it is.
is
depressio~-
It
of the frontal bone on one side or the other; and when
this depression of the frontal bone occurs through an emotional upset,
a mental depression can follow.
The reason is that the emotional areas
are right in the frontal lobes of the brain.
''When we do a cranial adjustment, we lift the bone and take presSlire off that a ;f-,;a and the mental depression is gene. il
Dr. Denton continued,
or a biow in this
C:~rea
11
An extreme emotional upset, dental work
can cause the frontal bones to pull in.
The
tension and the emotion can affect the membranes which as explained
previously, pull the bones from the inside.
Often our patients will
come and say, :! feel depressed for no reason.'
flnd a physical problem going on. 11
Usually, we always
I asked Dr. Denton lf he felt the weakest areas of the body show
symptoms first.
He answered,
the weak areas.
11
Emotional disturbances of any kind, always react in
It is important to understand that anything that
affects the body 1 s mental, chemical or structural balance, results in
a defensive reaction from the body called--the •coil ing mechanism.
1
The kind of stress is not the important aspect in this situation; it
is ""hat the body does with it.
In this
1
co i 1 i ng mechanism 1 , certain
neurological muscle groups are affected.
The primary balance mecha-
nism is contained within the pelvis in the Sacra 1 (5.1) area, the
Performus muscles and the Getilia muscles.
11
ln the view of Sacro-Occipital
therapy~
the primary balance
pattern is Sacro 1 (5.1), Lumbar 1 (L.l), Thoracic 4 and 5 (T.4,5)
and Cervical 3 (C.3) and Occipital 3 (0.3).
Anything that stresses
the body will affect the primary pattern.
11
ln relation to an ulcer condition, T.4 and T.5 go to the Biliary
Tract, gastric area, duodenum, the
cervical plexus.
bov>~el,
the cycle plexus and the
Any primary stress will affect that area first, so
it's normal to upset the mid-thoracic spine with stress.
This thoracic
stress will upset the para-sympathetic-sympathetic control as a
resul L
11
Remember!ng that Dr. Denton had pointed out that function is
definitely predicated upon structure, and that we are structure.
asked him if any stress will react through structure?
Dr. Dent<-X1 replied,
11
Psychological reacts through structure;
chemical reacts through structure; structure reacts through structure.
"Basica11y 1 we are looking through the wholistic triangle.
We
are looking at structure suppo.rted by thePsychology and the Chemical.
The causes come through anything, but symptoms come through sti"ULture.
For instance, if the stress is chemical and the symptom is not too
severe; as soon as the toxin is removed, the symptom should disappear.
If there is no weakness in the structure, then relaxation sets in--
through sleep, for example.
''Sleep is a primary mechanism which allows the mental and the
physical interrelationship to relax and recuperate.
In another way,
if the symptom is severe, then it locks the structure--meaning that
the vertebrae move out of slide and jar.
muscles are pulled.
up
They get stuck because the
This process can become so serious that it sets
a whole irritation which locks the body into a defensive reaction.
This defensive reaction becomes productive; and it starts a vicious
circle."
"Fortunately," continued Dr. Denton, "we are pretty much a selfregenerating mechanism; and we only need help when health problems
become too much out of order. 11
was curious to know Dr. Denton's opinion on psychosomatic
diseases.,
His answer was charged with strong personal feelings.
that I
h<:~d
touched off one of his
11
He said
short fuses" in this field.
Dr. Denton explained that psychosomatic symptomathology in his
opinion was a scapegoat for most physicians and healers who do not
have any answer for the problem.
He feels that about 80% of the
37
diseases that are blamed on psychosomatic symptoms are not; and he
se~
them as having a definite physical base.
Dr. Denton admitted, however, that diseases can have what he
called a
11
psychogenic overlay 11 where a certain emotional involvement
is developed along with an illness; because the disease becomes a
problem which affects the patient's well-being.
He also agreed to
my question that people need emotional outlets for their psychological
problems; and that they will tie these problems with a physical weakness.
Dr. Denton said that he felt there was possibly a basis for
Reichian Therapy in this situation, where the emotion is locked into
the muscles.
He alsd said that he felt psychotherapists and health
practitioners abuse the theory of psychosomatic response; and make it
financially rewarding in the process.
Dr. Denton hopes that this definite imbalance--as he calls it-will someday disappear with the coming age of computerization.
Tech-
nology, in his view, is going more and more toward helping recognize
symptoms and indicators of diseases.
Through computerization, more
information will be given to various professions, creating an interrelationship in different fields, which should greatly benefit the
patients of the future.
INTERVIEW WITH DR. HEATH QUIGLEY
Dr.
H~ath
Quigley is a dedicated Chiropractor in private practice
in Glendale, California.
It is interesting to note that he is a
descendant {on his mother 1 s side) of the lllistrious Palmer family of
Chiropractic fame.
fam~us
Dr. Quigley is a third generation removed from the
founder of Chiropractic, David D. Palmer.
For many years, Dr. Quigley was President of Palmer College of
Chiropractic, located in Davenport, Iowa.
He also served as Director
of an associated hospital, Clear View Sanitarium, in the same city.
Palmer College is sti 11 in existence; however, Clear View Sanitarium
has ceased independent operation and merged with the college.
Up until two years ago, Dr. Quigley acted as President of the
Los Angeles College of Chiropractic in Glendale, California where he
taught Psychology and Psychiatry.
Presently, he serves as President
of External Affairs at Cleveland Chiropractic College in Los Angeles,
California.
Although Dr. Quigley is basically oriented toward the
11
straight 11
. --~·'
concept of Chiropractic, he is more liberal in his approach than the
practitioners who hold strictly to a
11
straight 11 view.
Dr. Quigley keeps an open mind toward progressive methods in his
field; although he is not hol isticly inclined.
adjunct to
11
In his practice, as an
adjusting 11 , he uses physical therapy instruments such as
ultra-sounds, etc.
Occasionally, if necessary, he will recommend
nutrition as part of his treatment for a patient.
I presented several questions to Dr. Quigley regarding Chiropractic and mental health.
Through my research in these fields, I have
found that the Chiropractic profession is sometimes accused of claiming
too much for its own therapy and of underevaluating Chiropractic in
regard to mental health.
on these two subjects.
I have found a scarcity of literature written
The•-efore, I felt it appropriate to ask
Dr. Quigley his opinion.
Ii
First of all, I asked Dr. Quigley if he felt that the
11
straight 11
members of the Chiropractic profession frequently neglected the mental
health of their patients and concentrated only on physical results.
Dr. Quigley felt this supposition was true, in the sense that
some Chiropractors, while treating a patient, view the situation only
from a physical standpoint, unaware that the patient may have a significant mental problem present.
He stated that a Chiropractor may also
be unaware that significant improvement is being gained in the mental
area as a side benefit to physical treatment of a patient.
also pointed out that even a patient is sometimes
unprepar~d
Dr. Quigley
to accept
the possibility that his problems involve anything more than a physical
disturbance.
He said patients often respond well to Chiropractic
treatment--and acknowledge the improvement to the doctor--but do not
always see any relationship between Chiropractic care and an obvious
improvement in their mental outlook.
Dr. Quigley mentioned that through his work and research at Clear
View Sanitarium he became acutely aware of the correlation between
Chiropractic care- and me.ntal health.
He referred to a survey/inventory
which he developed in 1969, to aid in determining the level of mental
and ·emotional problems present in the hospital population at Clear
View.
The survey/inventory was also designed to find out how much
Chiropractic work would improve the patient's physical and mental
health.
Dr. Quigley called his survey/inventory "XP".
It listed 72 ques-
tions and scores as well as the most significant categories of patient
types, with classifications such as: anxiety/phobia, psycho/physiologic, obsessive/compulsive, social adaptation, depression, etc.
These
were profiles to define which categories were important to the results
of the survey.
Patients at Clear View Sanitarium were pre-tested and post-tested
for a period of over six-months--depending upon the length of the
patient 1 s hospitalization.
The number 14 on Dr. Quigley's scoring
chart was the cut-off point, indicating which individuals had a significant
11
slant-l ine 11 emotional problem.
The treatment involved
adjusting the patient's spine and nothing else.
No adjunct therapies
were introduced into treatment.
Pre-test demonstrated that, in general, patients fell into the
neurotic category.
However, a few were classified as psychotics with
symptoms of obsessive/compulsive moods, downward moods, withdrawal,
with some suffering delusions and hallucinations.
The number 14 on the chart when viewed in relationship with the
category into which a patient fell, provided a meaningful and definite
cut-off point, an aid in patient evaluation.
Post-tests indicated that significant patient progress had
occured.
There was evidence that mood swings had been alleviated and
the patients seemed more stable and positive with noticeable changes
in prospective and various aspects in their lives.
Dr. Quigley noted
that patient changes do occur even though no conscious efforts are
made to treat the patient in a psychotherapeutic fashion.
Foliow-up studies were made for seven years afterward, to determine (through questionnaires and letters) the physical and mental
state of the patients who had been tested at Clear View under
Dr. Quigley's plan.
In follow-up, Dr. Quigley tried to establish if
these patients were functioning, supporting themselves, hospitalized,
etc.
Dr. Quigley stated that for the most part, the patients were
cooperative in this respect even though many of them were then living
at a distance from Clear View.
He stated that the results of these
longitudinal studies were very encouraging, demonstrating that most
of the tested patients were enjoying a fair amount of physical good
health and mental stability in their lives.
11
Unfortunately," Dr. Quigley explained,
11
'tvhen Clear View hospital
became integrated with Palmer College, all records of these studies
v1ere destroyed through the negligence of a working crew.
Only the
bare bones of these findings are still in existence, and these sources
are not enough to produce sufficient evidence to support our positive
findings."
asked Dr. Quigley if he thought that Chiropractic could help
mental retardation due to genetic factors or due to accidents.
42
His answer was firm but cautious.
He stated that Chiropractic
can certainly be effective in the functioning of the individual, but
that it cannot restore the child or the adult, as the case may be, to
complete normalcy.
Dr. Quigley cited a patient of his whom he had
treated a year ago.
The child was six years old and experiencing
problems with his equilibrium--stumbling and bumping into furniture.
The child was unable to communicate verbally, but he could hear and
understand.
He was classified through his teachers in school as having
anti-social behavior.
Through adjustment, the child started to show
considerable improvement in his walking and his posture showed that he
was at least functioning better along his axial skeleton.
In order to
communicate, the child learned sign language and his social attitude
improved.
In light of this case history, Dr. Quigley pointed out that
when the functioning of the physical body shows improvement, the mental
state of the patient can also gain in a positive manner.
he referred to Scoliosis among women patients.
As an example
He said that there was
evidence that Chiropractic work improved the physical condition of
these women.
A sense of higher self-esteem had been noticed in these
patients, followed by a much stronger self image.
Despite the encouraging results in the case of women with Scoliosis~
Dr. Quigley emphasized that those findings were not strong enough
to genera!ize the importance of Chiropractic upon the mental health of
these patients.
On the other
hand~
Dr. Quigley mentioned a study done on children
with learning disabilities in Texas during the early 70's.
This
research was made with the cooperation of the school district and
Chiropractic.
The children were evaluated by school psychologists
before participating in the study and re-evaluated afterwards.
ficant results were found.
Signi-
This study was pub! ished in The American
Journal of Chiropractic in 1975.
and published on the subject.
It is one of the scarse few written
(Dr. Quigley wrote the introduction for
the article.)
I asked Dr. Quigley if he felt the dearth of published studies on
the correlation between Chiropractic and mental health was due to the
aloof attitude of Chiropractors toward emotional problems and disorders.
He answered that in his opinion Chiropractors feel that
mental problems do not fall into their field.
Because their training
has been minimal in this area, they hesitate to deal with patients on
an esoteric level.
Dr. Quigley said that for the most part, Chiro-
practors prefer to work with patients strictly on a physical basis.
He also suggested that some Chiropractors feel additional efforts to
explore a patient's mental state is financially unrewarding and too
time consuming.
The
45 minutes hour in Psychotherapy takes away five to eight
patients in Chiropractic.
Dr. Quigley pointed out that this is a
consideration which Chiropractors look at and do not want to change.
He also mentioned that Chiropractors may fi"d it difficult to assume
bto
different roles with the same patient.
The role of the psycho-
therapist is more passive and reflective and the doctor acts as a
11
sounding board 11 •
Even if the therapy is directive, he is a ''listening
ear 11 and responds like one.
In the Chiropractic role, the doctor is
very dominant and active.
Dr. Quigley feels that it may be difficult
for some practitioners to switch. from one role to the other.
Dr. Quigley stated,
11
The double role of the Chiropractor might
also be threatening for the patient.
It could be difficult for him
to deal with the doctors dual approach, feeling that it was offensive
and that the doctor is violating his (her) rules. 11
Although Dr. Quigley is against the idea that Chiropractors also
act as psychotherapists, he believes that they should develop a strong
awareness in regard to mental problems and emotional disturbances in
their patients.
He feels that the Chiropractors training should
include some studies related to mental health so that they are able
to recognize symptoms of mental disturbances.
According to Dr. Quigley, Chiropractors are the
defense•• in regard to mental health.
11
first line of
He suggested that if a Chiro-
practor were able to recognize and identify mental health problems in
the early stages, he could be of greater assistance to his patient,
possibly referring the troubled patient to the care of a
psychotherapist.
t~ained
In such cases, early diagnosis by the Chiropractor
might help prevent major problems that might later develop such as
collapse of personality in a disturbed patient.
Dr. Quigley holds a Master 1 s degree in Clinical Psychology which
is reflected in his views.
During the years (1961 to 1974) he taught
Psychiatry and Psychology at Palmer College of Chiropractic in Iowa,
he strongly encouraged his students to be aware that at least 50% of
their future patients would come to them with emotional problems.
He
said that he found a lack of interest and even a great deal of resist-
ance from his students in regard to that aspect of his teaching.
Dr. Quigley does not see a change in this
att~tude
in the future.
!n the ACA Journal of Chiropractic, (February 1981), I reviewed
an article that dealt with relationship between the Chiropractic field
and the medical association ..
I asked Dr. Quigley if he thought that
eventually Chiropractic would fuse '.Nith medicine--be parallel with it--
or remain independent?
In his opinion, Chiropractic will be unified
\'lith medicine by the year 2000.
He explained that sociologically t:_he
two fields must merge because of natural evolution.
Society always
has a need to simplify everything--to put everything under a particular
rubric--to find a unified theory.
According to Dr. Quigley, this
tendency toward unification will certainly include Chiropractic and
medicine.
He feels that Chiropractors of the future vJill go to medical
schools, become M.D.s and then specialize in Chiropractic.
As an
example, he referred to Psychiatries who are M.D.s and specialize in
Psychiatry.
He also predicts that the Chiropractic profession will
some day have medical schools similar to those of the Ostheopaths.
Cr. Quigley hastened to add that such a development is a strong possibillty, but not a certainty.
He does not see this evolution as being
due to any insidious or vicious attitude on the part of any organtzation.
It wi11 just be a process of socialization.
At the same time, Dr. Quigley sees a very strong movement called
the
11
Super Straights•• coming from the
Chiropractic.
11
Sherm<.m and Adlo School 11 of
This group is presently gaining a great deal of power
within the field of Chiropractic.
The claim that they do not deal
with diseases, but only with subluxations.
These
11
Super Straights 11
have their own Chiropractic language, which, according to Dr. Quigley,
sounds like schisophrenic language (incoherent speech).
He acknow-
ledges that this group has already made a tremendous impact in the
fieid--even over the
11
Mixers 11 •
He believes that the
will become much stronger in .the near future.
11
Super Straights 11
However, he feels that
eventually the group will weaken because they lack a tenable position
that can be comfortably accepted by society over a long period of time.
Dr. Quigley thinks that the Chiropractic profession is receiving more
and more of an acceptance by the public; and that a growing number of
bonds are taking place between medical doctors and Chiropractors.
Referrals between the two professions are increasing.
Dr. Quigley sees
this change as very encouraging for the future; and at the same time
very beneficial for the patient who will have everything to gain from
this attitude.
Dr. Quigley mentioned that public relations in the Chiropractic
profession is very active and involved.
Just as in other professions,
the public relations people now have representatives for the Chiropractic Association who appear before the legislature, produce publicationst etc.
He added that the Los Angeles County Chiropractic
Society, the largest in the world, is especially active.
Dr.
Quigley~
According to
public relations for the Society is handled by Mr. Beck,
whose dedicated efforts have brought the Chiropractic profession to
the attention of the public and the press in a very successful manner.
Dr. Quigley concluded the interview by saying,
pretty much \vhat they want now.
great many dedicated peop 1e. 11
11
Chiropractors have
And that is due to the efforts of a
CHAPTER IV
Before discussing different views of.mental health and Chiropractic psychosomatic diseases and doctor/patient relationships, i will
swmnarize briefly on this aspect of Chiropractic.
Chiropractic suggests a new path which looks for health within
each person and which recognizes the perfect organization of life and
nature.
Chiropractic defines health as a state of physiological
balance and harmony; and emphasizes that preservation of such a state
ls conditional upon structural, bio-chemical/nutritional and psychological/environmental factors.
emphasize healing the
illness.
11
For this reason, doctors of Chiropractic
tota1 11 person rather than the symptoms of his
They also premise their efforts upon the strong principle
that there is a greater easing of disturbed emotions when there is
improvement in the c:iling body.
Chiropractors view spinal adjustment
as one of a number of valuable contributions toward this goal.
Finai!y, Chiropractic is not static.
Its theories and techniques are
undergoing a continual process of expansion and refinement.
Dedisated
involvemE-nt in the Chiropractic profession has promoted Chiropractic
as a science to the public eye and has installed this field as a viable
hcaltl: care alternative.
While writing this project thesis, many times I was asked,
have you chosen this subject?
Counseling. 11
answer.
11
\~hy
You are in the field of Psychology and
This ls true, but one does not exclude the ether was my
What I meant was that the welfare of a patient is not static--
all health practitioners should jc-ln their efforts to provide the best
i~J
48
possible health care fqr each patient.
I also feel that maintenance
of health depends upon individual responsibi 1 ity.
I believe that
health is a positive state of functioning and not just the absence of
symptoms of disease.
lang~Jage
! am aware that no wo'rds are as clear as the
of the body, once one has learned to read it.
(Lowen, 1981).
I think that the triangular concept of treating the patient as a
"total person" is a viable concept for all ways of treatment and modes
of therapy.
!
: '
These notions are part of the Chiropractic principles and
it is these ideas that interest me.
feel that the science of
Chiropractic can be psychotherapeutic for a patient with a mental
disorder.
am convinced that Chiropractic can be an asset to psycho-
therapy.
After analyzing a mode of therapy called Behaviorism along wlth
•tl ~s
technique, Counter-Condit1oning,
one
can see that there is a
similarity to Chiropractic and its basic technique, adjustment.
Both
lead to a reduction of tension and anxiety which leads to relaxation.
A state of anxiety and a state of deep relaxation cannot co-exist,
they are not compatible (Wope, 1969).
Physiologically, the spinal
adjustment can a1ter the mental state by lessening nerve cen fatigue.
It can increase circulation, remove neuromuscular tensions and
increase the oxygen supply to the brain, as a result of the release of
the muscles of respiration.
Psychologically, spinal adjustment may
lessen various neural patterns and help to resolve or diminish
some complexes.
troubl~
This in turn, often releases a flood of forgotten
memories or produces a drive for achievement (DeGiancomo, 1978).
\
Chiropractic adjustment applied to the spinal column, axiomatically~
reduces anxiety
of telaxatiorl.
bec~use
there occurs concomitantly the induction
Adjustment and the reduction of tension are two events
which are paired.
They provide every element of the classical
conditioned response.
Repetition of the adjustment, when
required~
reinforces the conditioning, making it stronger and more durable.
Actualiy, one could refer to this event as "Counter-Conditioning. 11
The situation starts with an unwanted response and is replaced by a
pleasant one.
The goal is not simply to change behavior, but to change
it in a therapeutic way.
To illustrate this process in Behaviorism, I would say that frustration of the patient is the conditioned stimulus (CS); the anxiety
and the tension are the conditioned response (CR); and the Chiropractic
adjustment is the counter-conditioning stimulus (CCS).
The reduction
of tension that follows is the counter-conditioning response (CCR).
One might ask, what ls the difference between relaxation through
Chiropractic adjustment and relaxation through massages or heat?
An
answer might be: the rational of the technique of adjusting is
basica11y to correct specific sp'inal mbalignments vkdch are presumably
lnterferrlng with normal functioning of the nervous system.
It Is not
necessary to make big changes In the vertebral position to bring about
signifi~ant
chQnges in function: small changes are often followed oy
significant effects (Quigley, 1978).
Therefore, the difference between
adjustment .::md massage in relationship to relz:-<atlon, ls substantial.
Successfu1 Chiropractic adjustment corrects the spin.:;] imbalance and
the specific vertebral malposition, not only by Inducing relaxation
'
but by providing a foundation upon which relaxation can be perpetuated.
A massage may leave the patient feelin[ relaxed, but the
structural problem remains unchanged.
Medical evidence shows that patients with mental disorders suffer
from hypertense musculature.
With massage, muscles retain a tight
grip, especially the anti-gravity muscles which maintain posture.
This tight grip holds the spinal column in a misaligned state.
(Dr. Brown, in the first interview, pointed out this fact.)
Adjust-.
ment will definitely release muscle-grip and consequently reduce
tension.
Psychosomatic diseases are of great interest to me.
I have read
a great many books on the subject; and many of these, through deduction, have set forth the idea that the cause of many diseases is
mental.
Concentration on care and treatment is the focus of the mind,
when psychosomatic ailments are present.
Being in the field of
Psychology, I cannot but agree--up to a point.
I do feel that too
much focus on the mind can sometimes make one unaware of disturbances
in the body whlch can have a deranging influence upon the mind.
bt;llevc that r:umoral f.:>ctors may possibly disturb the nellral equiilb··
rium of the patient.
Such disturbances can, most certainly, restrain
a patient 1 s efforts to cope with environmental and emotional stresses.
The abt)ve
views, l have not i nv2nted a nevv theory about psycho-
somatic diseases.
There are many authorities who share these same
ideas---.. une of which is Dr. E.
\~ittkower.
!n his book,
11
Psychosoinatic
Medicine, IL'3 Clinic;:.d App1icaticns,H 1979, Dr., \-littkower refers to
the biological factor of these. diseases as the body 1 s attempt to cope
'
v>~lth
a non-human environment.
Ny
point is: heavy emphasis on the mind
can f:guratively create a s!tt;ation like
11
tunnel vision.''
with Dr. Denton who referred to focus as an abuse.
I do agree
I think this abuse
can be helped by Chiropractic.
The Cannon Theory ( 1932) set forth the
11
F i ght or Fl i ght 11 concept,
which is certainly a valid idea, I feel, as it applies to the reaction
of h1.1man beings to emotions and stresses.
But I believe, in modern
times, man does not face the day-to-day, major physical threats which
were matter of course in the Prehistoric Age.
Today, human beings face
threats of their egos, their status, their sense of value.
in their personal life is often present.
viduals emotions of
logical
thre~ts
physical ones.
anger~
Insecurity
These threats evoke in indi-
rage, fear and depression.
These psycho-
are perceived by the cortex in the same way as the
The stimulus of a threat is sent out over the sympathe-
tic nervous system to the adrenal medulla.
(Medulla is the inner
substance of a gland or an organ) which in turn secrets the hormone,
Adrenin.
pressures.
This process accelerates the heart beat, raises the blood
The blood Is taken away from the stomach and intestines
and rushad to the brain, the heart and the muscles.
The body, then ls
Psychological threatsi as much as physical ones, will trigger
anger, fear, rage and depressions.
bec".-.mes .3ctlvated.
and amdety ls felt.
The sympathetic nervous system
rn turn, the parasympathetic is overly reactive
\>Jhen this emotional state is too persistent or
too intense, the physiologic reactions, activated by the emotions,
52
bring a more or less continuous disordered function of the viscera or
other organs in the body.
-,/Chiropractic adjustment could be useful in this continuous dis>
('-
ordered function.
Interference to normal balance between the sympa-
thetic and parasympathetic system exists.
If the interference with
sympathetic function is removed by the Chiropractic adjustment, it is
reasonable to say that a considerable improvement, symptomatic;;d!y,
V·lill occur.
The restoration of reciprocal action betv.Jeen the t·,,to
systems places a break upon the
(Quigley, 1973).
11
run away" parasympathetic branch
In other words, a team action or an integration of
function has been re-established.
In primitive times, man was able to respond to physical threats
without any restraint.
Today, civilized people are frequently pre-
vented from responding to physical--and mainly psychological--threats
by the ethics of society.
Fear, anger, etc. bring tension.
The plague
of modern man: his inabll ity to express in a physical way, his reaction
to tention-producing emotions, which, in turn, creates residual tension
of somatic muscles and altered function of the viscera.
\_It is n medical fact that fear and tension are reduced by motor
A
activity
I
In the case of i nt<mse and chronic emot i ona 1 stresses,
action does not solve the
pro~lem
of tension because the patient cannot
find an effective mode of action.
The reason for this lack of solution
is mainly related to unconscious anxiety.
!f this reaction is aggra-
vated by interference with the balanced function of the Autonomous
Nervous System (ANS) then the proper Chiropractic adjustment, which
\
should reduce the imbalance, is neurologically similar to the patient
having taken appropriate action in the first place.
In other words, relief is found in the release of sympathetic
discharge--in the very same way, if the patient would have discharged
accumulated tension through fighting or running.
And last but not lease, ! feel a few words should be said about
the doctor/patient relationship in the Chiropractic setting.
An emotionally disturbed patient has a low tolerance point in
respect to the stresses of 1 ife.
His self-image is generally poor
when he finds himself in front of a doctor of Chiropractic who shows
care~
concern, has a human attitude and gives as much time to the
patient as needed.
The doctor's approach, alone, may help raise the
pat!ent 1 s self-esteem, becoming a force toward his recovery.
Also,
when the doctor, during his treatment, lays his hands on the patient's
upper thoracic region for a few moments, relaxation occurs in an
important area of the respiratory muscles.
As a result, the patient
becomes more relaxed in general due to greater ease in breathing.
Neuroses begin when the defenses against a condition of threat
are !!frozen".
i c; 1 •
\•'••~'·
Therapy i nvo 1ves the l!unfreez i ng 11 of these defenses
Wh •1 t e,,1 9'·43.
r )
This is another way of stating that a person 1 s
mode of reaction to a condition of frustration becomes chronic.
Psy-
chologlcal approaches to therapy have emphasized changing the patient's
perception of a threatening situation.
solution.
i feel that this is a partial
Muscles which have been persistently tense over a period of
time will not relax simply because the patient perceives a situation
differently.
Since tension has arisen precisely because adequate
motor responses were not made in earlier frustrating situations, it
would be important for therapy to allow the incompleted responses,
reflected in the body, to be completed under more favorable circumstances,
This is why, in conclusion to this paper, I must say that
am not advocating the replacement of Psychotherapy by Chiropractic.
However, I am !n favor of including Chiropractic in the mode of therapy
for mental patients.
Realizing that mental health problems are a
psycho/blo/social problem, and having learned that the Chiropractic
approach to emotional stress is bio mechanical and neurological, I
believe, that the Chiropractic influence, which is fundamental and
specific, is a positive and beneficial treatment in the total restoration of a patient's mental health.
I do hope that in the near future, this therapeutic asset will
be understood in the field of Psychology and Psychotherapy.
do wl sh
that further leniency and freedom will be given to Chiropractors such
as belonging to mental and Psychiatric hospitals, clinics and reldted
facilities.
I also hope that Chiropractors will come to recognize
their skills as a worthwhile therapy in the treatment of mental disorders.
Such professional awareness could inspire numerous written
rese~lrches
in the combined f l e 1ds of Chiropractic and t·1enta 1 Hea 1th.
As Dr. Quigley has pointed o~t--and I have personally noticed-there is a tremendous void in research involving these combined areas.
This tremendous gap has given me the incentive to further investigate
these areas.
In my opinion, an enormous amount of research is called
for, especially related to mental disorders such as Endogenous
Depression--one of the most common ·treatable types of depression.
Research into Endogenous Depression has revealed that overproduction
of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase can provoke this disorder
(Wina Sturgeon, 1979 and P.A. Berger, 1980).
MAO inhibitors have also
created a breakthrough in medication for the alleviation of symptoms
of depression.
I believe there is a future possibility that Chiropractic and
Craniopathy might also play an important role in this area, by
replacing medication with a drugless treatment.
Treatment of depres-
sian through Chiropractic and Craniopathy could lead to elaborate and
1ong1tudlnal research--a subject I would be most interested in pursuing
further.
56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
11
Beideman, R.P.
Education~ The Basis of The Chiropractic Profession•s
Perpetuity. 11 The ACA .Journal of Chiropractic_, 18:24-25 1
February, 1981.
Berger, P.A . .Enzymes and Neurot!ansmitt~rs Jn Neural Diseases.
Wiley & Sons, Ltd., United Kingdom, ~5 11 64, 1980.
11
Hoiistic Treatment--The Bombshell, 11 The ACJ\
~hif.~prac~-' 5:20-23, May, 1980.
Brovm, Wayne.
11
What 1 s Happening in P.R. 11
f'ss~J.ation Journal, 6:8, June, 1981.
Cattuone, Armand.
John
.J_~al_9f
Caiifornia Chiropractic_
Corey, Gerald. Theory and Practice of Counseling al]~sychoth~2PY·
Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Monterey, California, 1977.
DeGiacomo,
Man 1 s Greate~t Gift to Man--Chiropractic.
Learning Associates, Inc., New Yorks 197g:--Denton:, David.
Publisher.
Craniopathy and Dentistry.
Copyrighted U.S.A., 1979.
~nutrition.
Fredericks, Carlton.
L.S.R.
David Denton, D.C.,
Gosset
&
Danton, New York,
'1976.
Goodheart, Jr., G.J. 11 The Schizophrenic Pattern.•• The Digest of
Chiropractic Economics, Detroit, July/August, 1970.
11
Guttmacher, Sally.
~Jhole Body, Mind and Spirit: Holistic Health and
1:he Limit of Medicine.'i The Hastings Center, 9:15-20, April,
19l9.
Ha1deman, Scott. Modern Developments in the Principles and Practice
of Chi ropract i c-:-·-AppTeton Century-Crofts, New York, 1980~------~
.... ----~~
Kopp, S.B.
If You 11eet the Buddha on the Road, Kill Him: The
Pi 1 griJT;age of Psychotherapy Patients. · Bantam- Books, New York,
19'720.
Kopp, S.B. Back to One, A Practical Guide for Psychotherapy.
and Beha\iTor Books-~ Inc. , Ca 1 i forn i a, 1977.
Lowen, Alexander.
Lynch, J.J.
Bioenergetics.
The Broken Heart.
Science
Penguin Books, England, 1981.
Basic Books, Inc., New York, 1979.
57
Mikhail, Amis. HStress, A Psychophysiological Conception. 11
of Human Stress, 7:9-15, June, 1981.
Palmer, D.D. Science, Art and Philosophy of Chiropractic.
Printing House Co., 1910.
Quigley, Heath.
Disorders.
11
International
Rosenthal, Saul. "The Future of Chiropractic. is Here.' 1
.lou rna 1 of Chi ro_eract i c, 18:19, February, 1981.
Schwartz. H. Menta_!_!i~_J:_ll and Chiropractic.
New-Hyde Park, New York, i973.
Seyle, Hans.
Portland
Phys_iological Psychology of Chiropractic in Mental
Session Publishers, New York, 1973.
Chiropractic Recognized But lmproved. 11
Revie~~ of Chiropracti~-' April-June, 1980.
Relman, A.
.Journal
The Stress of Life.
The ACA
Session Publishers,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
19564
Stephenson, R.W. Chiro_Eractic Textbook.
Publishers, Iowa, 1948 . .
Sturgeon, Wina.
Depression.
Palmer School of Chiropractic
Prentice Hall, inc., New York? 1979.
Walther, David. t-..E£l.~_3__Kinesiology, The Advance Approach in
Chiropractic. SOC Systems, Colorado, 1980.
Walther, David. Applied Kinesiology--Basic Procedures and Muscle
Testing. SOC Systems, Colorado, 1981.
Wardell, Walter. "The Future of Chiropractic is Not Here Yet."
ACA J~~rnal of Chiropractic, 20:60-61, May, 1981.
The
Warren, Salmon. 11 Why Contemporary Medicine is Fai 1 ing.•• American
_:JouJ"n.::l). of___ Acupun~ture, 8:191-196, July-September, 19So.
Wender, Paul.
~-lind,
Mood & Medicine.
Farrar
&
Strauss, New York,
1981.
Wi1k, Chester.
Illinois,
Chiropractic Speaks Out.
Wick Publishing Co.,
1973.
Summary: New Zealand Report_. 1
18:12-14, June, 1980.
\-!ilk, Chester.
~littkmver,
11
Eric. Psychosomatic Medicine.
New York, 1977.
Today 1 s
Chirop.!::?..:..c:...~r_,
Harper & RovJ Publishers,