Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Objectives
1. To learn the various features of the periodic table
2. To learn some of the properties of metals, nonmetals
and metalloids
3. To learn the natures of the common elements
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The periodic table shows all of the known elements in
order of increasing atomic number.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The periodic table is organized to group elements with
similar properties in vertical columns.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• Most elements are metals and occur on the left side.
• The nonmetals appear on the right side.
• Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and
some nonmetallic properties.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
Metals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conduct heat and electricity
Ductile
Malleable
Have luster
Most are solids at room temp.
Left side of periodic table
Form positive ions
Nonmetals
• Do not conduct heat or
electricity
• Properties vary
• Solids, liquids, and gases
• Right side of periodic table
• Form negative ions
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Most elements are very reactive.
– So…they are usually found in nature as part of
compounds.
Exceptions:
• Noble gases – Ne, He, Ar, Kr, Xe*, Rn
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Natural States of the Elements
Exceptions (elements found in nature by themselves)
• Precious metals (noble metals)
Gold (Au)
Platinum (Pt)
Silver (Ag)
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Diatomic Molecules – When not part of another
compound, some elements always occur as diatomic
molecules: H2, N2, O2, F2, I2, Cl2, Br2
Nitrogen gas contains
N2 molecules.
Oxygen gas contains
O2 molecules.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Diatomic Molecules
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Natural State of the Elements
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Elemental Solids – made entirely of one type of atom
Carbon
atoms
Diamond
Graphite
Buckminsterfullerene
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
Carbon nanotubes