Navy Task
Force Energy
RADM Philip H. Cullom
Director of Fleet Readiness, OPNAV N43
24 March 2010
The U.S. Navy protects the lifelines of
the global energy economy
Almost 80% of the world’s
fuel travels by ocean
“How inappropriate to call this planet Earth
when it is quite clearly Ocean”
- Arthur C. Clarke
Global energy consumption is growing...
Today
... to unprecedented levels
2030
Global Energy Drivers
GlobalTrade…
Trade…
Global
Global
Trade…
MarketDriven
DrivenVolatility
Volatility
Market
Market
Driven
Volatility
Oilisisisaaavery
very
Oil
Oil
very
volatile
volatile
volatile
commodity
commodity
commodity
Anenergy
energy&
national
An
An
energy
&&national
national
securityproblem
problem
security
security
problem
…andChoke
ChokePoints
Points
…and
…and
Choke
Points
EnergyRelated
RelatedCO
CO2 2Emissions
Emissions
Energy
Energy
Related
CO
2 Emissions
NavyPetroleum
PetroleumConsumption
Consumption
Navy
Navy
Petroleum
Consumption
??
Increasingcarbon
carbon
Increasing
Increasing
carbon
emissions
resulting
emissions
resulting
emissions resultingin
inin
environmental
environmental
environmental
activism&
regulation
activism
activism
&&regulation
regulation
Securityof
Source?
Security
Security
ofofSource?
Source?
Volatilityof
Price?
Volatility
Volatility
ofofPrice?
Price?
Increased
Demand?
Increased
Demand?
Increased Demand?
Energy poses geopolitical, economic, and environmental
challenges that call for aggressive technology and policy changes
5
Navy Energy Profile
Energy Consumption
75%
Overall Energy
Consumption
25%
Tactical
Shore
Energy Consumption
57%
Overall Energy
Sources
26%
16%
1%
,
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it y ,
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Navy Petroleum Consumption in Perspective
U.S. Petroleum Consumption
Shore (6%)
Expeditionary (1%)
U.S. Government
(2% of U.S.)
Department of Defense
(93% of USG)
Navy
(24% of DoD)
Maritime Aviation
(51%)
(42%)
Total: 28.5 M bbls in FY086
Navy Energy Successes
China Lake Geothermal Power Plant, 270 MW
Incentivized Energy Conservation Program (i-ENCON)
Guantanamo Bay Wind Farm, 3.8 MW
Training Simulators
San Diego Solar PV
7
Navy Task Force Energy
The Chief of Naval Operations established Task Force Energy to:
• Raise visibility and awareness of energy as a strategic resource
• Optimize energy considerations in budgeting and acquisition
• Recommend Navy-wide energy conservation, environmental
stewardship, and alternative energy strategies
Task Force Energy
Executive Steering
Committee
Navy Energy
Coordination Office
Functional
Working Groups
Maritime
Supporting
Working Groups
DoD/Federal
Collaborators
Aviation
Fuels
USMC
USAF
Expeditionary
Environment
USA
OSD
Shore
Strategic Impacts
USCG
DoE
USDA
8
SECNAV Energy Goals
At the Naval Energy Forum, the Honorable Ray Mabus announced five Energy Goals:
Increase Alternatives Afloat
By 2020, 50 percent of total DON
energy consumption will come from
alternative sources
Increase Alternatives Ashore
By 2020, DON will produce at least 50
percent of shore-based energy
requirements from alternative sources
Sail the “Great Green Fleet”
DON will demonstrate a Green Strike
Group in local operations by 2012 and
sail it by 2016
Reduce Non-Tactical Petroleum Use
By 2015, DON will reduce petroleum
use in the commercial fleet by 50
percent
Acquisition Excellence
Evaluation of energy factors will be
mandatory when awarding contracts
for systems and buildings
The Navy Is Moving Forward On These Aggressive Targets
9
SECNAV Goals and Energy Security
SECNAV Goals
ALIGNMENT
Strategic Imperatives
Assure Mobility (Goals 1,2,3,4)
1
Increase Alternatives Afloat
Shift from volatile and vulnerable
petroleum to biofuels
Protect Critical Infrastructure (Goal 2)
2
Increase Alternatives Ashore
3
Sail the “Great Green Fleet”
4
Reduce Non-Tactical Petroleum Use
5
Acquisition Excellence
Ensure grid security and backup power for
critical assets
Expand Tactical Reach (Goal 1,2)
Improve combat capability through
efficiencies
Lighten the Load (Goal 1,2)
Reduce fuel tether through technological
and operational modifications
Green Our Footprint (Goals 1 thru 5)
Reduce carbon emissions and promote
environmental stewardship
Navy Strategy Aligned to SECNAV Goals
10
Current Initiatives
Maritime
Fleet Scheduler Planning Tool
Hybrid Electric Drive
Stern Flaps
Aviation
Efficient HVAC Systems
Advanced Hull Coatings
Expeditionary
LCAC Full Mission Trainers
On-Board Vehicle Power Generation
Efficient Environmental Control Units (ECUs)
Shore
Smart Meters & Auditing
Energy Conservation
Renewable Energy
11
Alternative Fuels Initiatives
Biofuels Testing and Certification Process
Medium-Range Goals
Long-Range Ambition
“Green” DDG-51
“Green” Carrier
Strike Group
MILSPE
C
Algae
Camelina
Waste
Jatropha
Methane
Hydrate
Multiple
Options,
Multiple
Challenges
Soy
“Green” F/A-18
Sorghum
Switchgrass
12
13 Oct 2009
• F/A 18 Engine Demo
– Conducted engine test using
Camelina based JP-5 blended
with JP-5
– Initial results indicate engine
performed as expected with
petroleum based JP-5
– First Navy test with biofuel on a
jet engine
– Believed to be the first
afterburner test conducted on
biofuel
• Flight of the Green Hornet
scheduled for Earth Day (22
Apr)
13
100% Renewable Energy Platform
USS Constitution
14
Backups
15
4 Energy Future Alternatives for 2030
Hyper-competitive
Alternative A
Number of Possible Future Worlds
Resource Rivalry
Collaborative
Alternative B
Disruptive to
current Business
Model
A “replacing oil as
transportation
fuel” world
An “alternative
energy” world
Alternative C
Alternative D
B
C
A
D
2015
2007
Present
Future
ALTERNATIVE
FUTURE 1
B
BEST CASE
FUTURE
“Americana”
B
A
“Made in China”
C
Reinforces
current Business
Model
“Mad Max”
An “energy
resource crisis”
world
A “fossil based
green” world
D
D
WORST
CASE
FUTURE
SWEET
SPOT
“Tri-Polar”
C
ALTERNATIVE
FUTURE 2
16
Total Ownership Cost Challenges
Typical Surface Combatant
Total Ownership Cost
Acquisition
45%
Manpower
27%
Energy
13%
Maintenance
15%
17
Total Ownership Cost Challenges
Typical Surface Combatant
Total Ownership Cost
Acquisition
45%
5X
CPI
• The CPI has increased by
59%
Maintenance
15%
2X
CPI
Since 1991
• Private sector depot port
rates have increased 49%
Slightly less than CPI
•
.8X
CPI
Manpower
27%
Energy
13%
Military Manpower costs
have increased by 114%
Almost double CPI
• Energy Costs have
increased by 292%
Five times CPI!
18
50% Alternative Fuel Afloat: A Dual Approach
 Reduce liquid fuel consumption through conservation and efficiency
 Increase use of alternative fuels (with liquid fuel from renewable sources)
Navy gets to 50% alternatives
in 2020 by:
Projected Afloat Fuel Consumption
50
Millions of
Barrels of Oil
Equivalent
• Reducing the requirement for
liquid fuel from projected 32M bbl
to 27M bbl
MBbls of oil equivalent
40
Liquid Fuel Reduction from Efficiencies
30
Petroleum
72%
50%
20
GGF Demo
GGF Deployment
Biofuel requirement:
Liquid
Alternatives
10
50%
28%
Nuclear
0
FY08
FY11
FY14
FY17
FY20
• Replacing 8M bbl of petroleumbased fuel with liquid alternative
fuel
• 2012 Demo – 40K Bbls blended
• HRJP-5 – 5K Bbls
• HRF-76 – 35K Bbls
• 2016 Sail – 120K Bbls blended
• HRJP-5 – 40K Bbls
• HRF-76 – 80K Bbls
19
Key Energy Initiatives Afloat & Ashore
Alternatives
Efficiency
Assure Mobility & Protect Critical Infrastructure
Expand Tactical Reach & Lighten the Load
Afloat
 Biofuels
 Short-term Initiatives
• Navy leads DoD test and certification
harmonization
• Contracts for algae- & camelina-based fuel
• F/A-18 engine demo (Oct 09)
• Ship testing (Sep 10)
 Hybrid Electric Drive
•
•
•
•
Aviation i-ENCON
Improved Hydrodynamics
Aircraft Bring-Back Weight
Afloat Energy Metering/Auditing
 Mid- and Long-term Initiatives
• Efficient Ship Engines
• Efficient Shipboard/Expeditionary HVAC
• Efficient Generators
• Enables efficient operation at low speeds
• DDG Prototype (2012)  Production (2014)
Great Green Fleet
Energy Security
Net Zero Bases
Ashore
 Alternative Energy
•
•
•
•
•
•
Large scale solar at numerous installations
Geothermal at Fallon, NV, El Centro, CA
Wind at San Nicolas Island, CA, Everett, WA
Ocean Thermal at Hawaii or Guam
Tidal Current at Parris Island, SC
Portable Renewable Power Generation
 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
• Procure hybrid electric, neighborhood electric,
flex fuel vehicles
• Install and utilize alt fuel infrastructure
 Reduced Power Consumption
• Auditing, advanced metering, smart grid
• New buildings & major renovations 30%
better than ASHRAE
• Lighting, HVAC, weatherization
• ECIP, ESPC/UESC, other alternative
financing vehicles
• Energy awareness & training
 Reduced Petroleum Consumption
• Reduce average vehicle size
• Reduce number of vehicles
20
Confirming Our Focus on Energy Security
Global 2009
 Naval forces require secure,
“Sea control of logistics
sufficient, reliable, and
lanes, as well as defense of
sustainable energy to maintain
related logistics bases, were
mission effectiveness
as important or more
important than sea control
 High fuel consumption rates
of the main objective area,
place a significant stress on
as secure logistics were key
logistics lanes that enable the
to being able to maintain a
exercise of seapower
seaborne presence and
 Access to sufficient quantities
continue the sea control
of petroleum-based fuels
fight.”
relies on vulnerable logistics
- Global ’09 Summary
lanes outside the theater of
operations
Energy Security
Assure Mobility
Expand Reach
Green Footprint
“Logistics is an Achilles heel of ours… A force that was more fuel efficient would have
reduced forces required to support warfighting assets and reduced warfighting assets
required to support supply assets. This would have significantly added warfighting
capacity to forces assigned.”
- Global ’09 Participant
25
Navy Energy Strategy
Energy Security
Increase Tactical
Energy Security
Reduce tactical
fuel consumption
Increase tactical
fuel efficiency
Increase
alternative fuel
T
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
“Secure, Sufficient,
Reliable, and
Sustainable Energy”
Increase Shore
Energy Security
Reduce shore
energy consumption
Conservation
• Implement best practices and policies
• Demonstrate energy awareness
Efficiency
• Optimize existing platforms
• Leverage new technologies
Alternatives
S
h
o
r
e
Increase shore
energy efficiency
Increase reliable and
renewable energy
• Utilize sustainable sources
• Secure critical infrastructure
Reduce Navy’s Carbon Footprint
Environmental Stewardship
26
Navy Energy Line of Sight
5 Year Plan
10 Year Goals
20 Year Vector
Energy Security
Navy Petroleum Consumption
“Secure, Sufficient,
Reliable, and
Sustainable Energy”
Increase tactical
energy security
Reduce tactical fuel
consumption
Efficient HVAC Systems
Increase tactical fuel
efficiency
Hybrid Electric Drive
Fleet Scheduler Planning Tool
Increase use of nonpetroleum fuel
Advanced Hull Coatings
T
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
Increase shore
energy security
Reduce shore
energy consumption
Conservation
•
• Display energy awareness
Implement best practices and policies
Efficiency
• Optimize existing platforms
• Leverage new technologies
Alternatives
30 Year Ambition
S
h
o
r
e
?
Reduce shore
energy intensity
Increase use of
clean and carbon
neutral power
• Identify new energy sources
• Ensure reliable supply
Reduce carbon emissions
Propeller Pitch Control
Stern Flaps
• Chart an aggressive
technology and policy
course change
• Recognize and
leverage quick wins
• Emphasize energy
across planning,
programming,
budgeting, and
execution
Environmental Stewardship
• Achieve measurable
results for shore and
tactical energy security
• Link energy and
environmental
stewardship
• Make energy a strategic
resource to provide
operational advantages
• Refine Energy Goals
• Enhance platforms
with cutting-edge
energy technology
• Refine existing
strategic documents
and planning to
address energy
• Maintain the longrange perspective of
the Energy Ambition
• Envision a variety of
alternative futures
• Ensure active
consideration of
energy in future
strategic documents
and planning
Task Force Energy is laying the foundation for
a long-range holistic Energy Strategy
27
Current Maritime Initiatives
Fleet Scheduler Planning Tool
Stern Flaps
Hybrid Electric Drive
Efficient HVAC Systems
Advanced Hull Coatings
28
Current Aviation Initiatives
Efficient F414 Engine for F-18 Fleet
Improved Flight Management Systems
and Optimized Mission Planning
Aviation Incentivized Energy
Conservation Program (i-ENCON)
29
Current Expeditionary Initiatives
LCAC Full Mission Trainers
On-Board Vehicle Power Generation
Efficient Environmental Control Units (ECUs)
30
Current Shore Initiatives
Smart Meters & Auditing
Energy Conservation
Renewable Energy
31