Zone 238, Master Map Normal View -16°00' -14°00' Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV η Algorabδ η c -22°00' -20°00' e -18°00' γ Gienah ζ Virgo Corvus f d Hydra ε -24°00' β α Alchiba 13h 04m 12h 56m 12h 48m 12h 40m 12h 32m 12h 24m 12h 16m 12h 08m Crate 12h 00m Zone 238, Map 1 Normal Image -16°00' -15°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. NGC 4050 Gienah h1212 -18°00' γ -17°00' South 634 NGC 4038, 4039 Bur 412 NGC 4361 h4496 -19°00' Hussey 466 NGC 4027 South 637 12h 30m 12h 25m 12h 20m 12h 15m 12h 10m 12h 05m 12h 00m Zone 238, Map 1 Mirror Image -16°00' -15°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. NGC 4050 δ γ Gienah -18°00' h1212 -17°00' South 634 Bur 412 NGC 4038-9 NGC 4361 h4496 -19°00' NGC 4038, 4039 NGC 4027 South 637 12h 00m 12h 05m 12h 10m 12h 15m 12h 20m 12h 25m 12h 30m Zone 238, Map 2 Normal Image -20°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. South 637 -21°00' Innes 513 Bur 458 -22°00' Bur 457 ζ ε Cordoba 285 -24°00' Bur 920 h4506 Bur 921 Howe 26 h4489 α 12h 30m 12h 25m 12h 20m -23°00' Aravamudan 1790 12h 15m 12h 10m Alchiba 12h 05m 12h 00m Zone 238, Map 2 Mirror Image South 637 -20°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -21°00' Innes 513 Bur 458 -22°00' Bur 457 ζ -23°00' ε Aravamudan 1790 h4506 -24°00' Cordoba 285 Bur 920 Bur 921 Howe 26 h4489 Alchibaα 12h 00m 12h 05m 12h 10m 12h 15m 12h 20m 12h 25m 12h 30m Zone 238, Map 3 Normal Image -15°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -16°00' NGC 4856 η Delta Crvδ h2624 Fender 18 South 643 -19°00' Leavenworth 5 -18°00' -17°00' h1218 13h 00m 12h 55m 12h 50m 12h 45m 12h 40m 12h 35m 12h 30m Zone 238, Map 3 Mirror Image -15°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -16°00' NGC 4856 η Algorab Delta Crv h1218 Fender 18 South 643 -19°00' Leavenworth 5 -18°00' h2624 -17°00' δ 12h 30m 12h 35m 12h 40m 12h 45m 12h 50m 12h 55m 13h 00m Zone 238, Map 4 Normal Image -22°00' -21°00' -20°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. Corvus Hydra Donner 537 Beta Crv -24°00' β -23°00' Virgo h4551 13h 00m 12h 55m 12h 50m 12h 45m 12h 40m 12h 35m 12h 30m Zone 238, Map 4 Mirror Image -22°00' -21°00' -20°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -23°00' Virgo Corvus Hydra Donner 537 -24°00' Beta Crvβ h4551 12h 30m 12h 35m 12h 40m 12h 45m 12h 50m 12h 55m 13h 00m Zone 238 24 Double Stars, 1 Planetary Nebula, 6 Galaxies A h4489 ..................................................... 8 h4496 ..................................................... 3 h4506 ..................................................... 9 h4551 ................................................... 18 Howe 26................................................. 9 Hussey 466............................................. 4 Aravamudan 1790................................ 12 B Bur 412 .................................................. 4 Bur 457 ................................................ 11 Bur 458 .................................................. 8 Bur 920 ................................................ 12 Bur 921 ................................................ 11 I Innes 513.............................................. 10 C L Cordoba 285 ........................................ 10 Leavenworth 5 ..................................... 16 D N Delta Crv.............................................. 14 Donner 537 .......................................... 18 Fender 18 ............................................. 15 NGC 4027 .............................................. 6 NGC 4038, 4039 .................................... 6 NGC 4050 .............................................. 7 NGC 4361 .............................................. 5 NGC 4856 ............................................ 17 H S h1212 ..................................................... 3 h1218 ................................................... 16 h2624 ................................................... 14 South 634 ............................................... 2 South 637 ............................................... 2 South 643 ............................................. 13 F -1- Zone 238 Zone 238, Map 1 Double Stars Easy South 634 Rating: 2 E ADS 8444; HD 105913; SAO 157133 Position: 1211-1647 A B Magnitude 6.88 7.20 Separation PA — — 5.1 296 + Year — 1991 Spectra K0 Colors O B Notes: 1877: 6.9 @ 280. 36 measurements. Observations: C8 at 206x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 22.5 inches. Separation: AB = 4,700 feet. Distance (LY): 112 Total luminosity (Suns): 3 South 637 Rating: 3 E HD 108362; SAO 157293 Position: 1227-1958 A B Magnitude 8.72 9.43 Separation PA — — 60.5 203 = Notes: 1825: 60.6 @ 203. 11 measurements. -2- Year — 1991 Spectra F5 V G0 Colors W pO Zone 238 Observations: C8 at 83x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 4.35 inches; B = 18.4inches. Separation: AB = 83.1 miles. Distance (LY): 880 Total luminosity (Suns): 31 h1212 Rating: 4 E A B Magnitude 10.62 11.63 Separation PA — — 22.7 + 101 = Year — 1991 Spectra A0 V Colors W B Notes: 1898: 22.3 @ 101. 10 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. It is the W star of a narrow isosceles triangle with an 8m star in it. h4496 Rating: 5 E ADS 8423 Position: 1206-1853 A B Magnitude 10.01 11.46 Separation PA — — 12.4 + 29 + Notes: 1880: 12.2 @ 28. 8 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Very faint. -3- Year — 1991 Spectra F8 V Colors W O? Zone 238 Moderate Bur 412 Rating: 5 M ADS 8436 Position: 1209-1836 A B Magnitude 7.89 9.06 Separation PA — — 1.9 155 - Year — 1991 Spectra F2 V Colors W W Notes: AB 1877: 2.4 @ 164. 28 measurements. Observations: C8 at 697x. It forms the S vertex of a 7m triangle. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 5.10 inches. Separation: AB = 1.80 miles. Distance (LY): 610 Total luminosity (Suns): 28 Hussey 466 Rating: 5 M ADS 8557 Position: 1228-1836 A B Magnitude 10.53 10.76 Separation PA — — 2.7 214 -? Year — 1991 Notes: 1902: 2.9 @ 35. 11 measurements. Quadrant reversal? Observations: C11 at 193x. It lies 2 min E of a 7m star. Distance (LY): 30 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.009 -4- Spectra Colors W W Zone 238 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 4361 Other Names: PK 294+43.1, H I 65 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 2 E Position: 1224-1848 Type: Pn Dimensions: 45" x 110" Class: 3a Magnitude: 10.5 Notes: It was discovered by William Herschel in 1785. Observations: C8 at 104x. It is large, bright and featureless. There is just the slightest hint of a ring— it may be my imagination. Herschel claimed it was resolvable! Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 446 miles. Distance (LY): 3,600 Luminosity (suns): 111 NGC 4361 Planetary nebula (3a) Observed with C8 on 5/20/95 Magnification: 80x -5- Zone 238 Moderate NGC 4038, 4039 Rating: 3 M Other Names: Ringtail Galaxy, H IV 281, PGC 37969 Astronomical League Program: Caldwell Club, Herschel 400 Club Position: 1202-1852 Type: Gal Surface brightness: 13.0 Class: SB(s)m pec Dimensions: 2.6' x 2' Magnitude: 10.7 PA: 159 Notes: It is 100,000 light years in diameter. A radio source, it appears to be two colliding spirals. Discovered by William Herschel on February 7, 1785, and first classified as a planetary nebula. His son, John Herschel, cataloged them under separate numbers, h 1052 and h 1053, in his catalog of 1833. From this catalog, he took them over into his General Catalog as GC 2670 and GC 2671 in 1864, from where they found their way in Dreyer's NGC. Observations: C8 at 65x. Even, but with low surface brightness. It looks a little like a shrimp with the tail pointing W. At higher powers, it looks mottled. C11 at 140x. Large oval with a rapidly brighter middle (4038), tied to a smaller bright knot (4039)— almost looks like a double (but very fuzzy) star. Some mottling suggested in 4038. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 22 million miles. Distance (LY): 90,000,000 Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,642 Luminosity (suns): 33,300,000,000 NGC 4027 Other Names: PGC 37773, H II 296 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 M Position: 1200-1916 Type: Gal Surface brightness: 13.4 Class: SB(s)dm II-III : Dimensions: 3.8' x 2.3' -6- Magnitude: 11.2 PA: 155 Zone 238 Observations: 30-inch + 40 mm (94x) Very bright starlike core with a small halo that rapid dims to the edges. A bright star lies outside the field about 40 min SW. Distance (LY): 64,000,000 Total luminosity (Suns): 10,700,000,000 Radial velocity (k/s): +1,671 NGC 4027 Galaxy (SB(s)dm II-III:) 30-inch Ruisinger + 40mm = 94x 3/29/04 UT Difficult NGC 4050 Other Names: H II 509, PGC 38049 Rating: 5 D Position: 1203-1622 Type: Gal Surface brightness: 14.2 Class: SB(r)ab Dimensions: 2' x 1.4' Magnitude: 12.5 PA: 95 Observations: C8 at 65x. A faint smudge that lies 6 min N of 8.4m SAO 157063. Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,761 -7- Zone 238 Zone 238, Map 2 Double Stars Easy h4489 Rating: 3 E ADS 8385; HD 104282; SAO 180371 Position: 1201-2428 A B Magnitude 7.77 8.74 Separation PA — — 9.8 + 153 + Year — 1991 Spectra A2 V Colors W O Notes: 1836: 8.0 @ 148. 11 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Bur 458 Rating: 3 E HD 104835; SAO 180426 Position: 1204-2102 A B Magnitude 7.86 10.11 Separation PA — — 30.3 +! 233 - Year — 1991 Spectra A2 II Colors yW B Notes: AB 1877: 20 @ 240. 13 measurements. May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (660 and 2,550 light years). Observations: C8 at 104x. The pa looks more like 225. -8- Zone 238 h4506 Rating: 5 E ADS 8453; HD 105952 Position: 1212-2357 A B Magnitude 9.03 11.00 Separation PA — — 6.6 + 315 -! Year — 1994 Spectra K0 III Colors O W Notes: 1836: 4.0 @ 16. 21 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 46.2 inches. Separation: AB = 42.2 miles. Distance (LY): 4,100 Total luminosity (Suns): 353 Howe 26 Bos 2294; ADS 8524; HD 107661 Rating: 5 E Position: 1222-2413 A B C BC Magnitude 9.92 10.02 14.00 Separation PA — — 5.0 0 151 -! 13.0 + 211 - Year — 1968 1964 Notes: AB 1868: 5.0 @ 225. 16 measurements. BC 1926: 12.1 @ 235. 2 measurements. Observations: C8 at 206x. Distance (LY): 121 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.2 -9- Spectra A3 V Colors W W No Zone 238 Cordoba 285 Rating: 5 E SAO 180740 Position: 1223-2315 A B Magnitude 10.16 10.60 Separation PA — — 7.5 = 21 + Year — 1968 Spectra G5 Colors Y W Notes: 1898: 7.5 @ 20. 4 measurements. Observations: C11 at 98x. It lies 1 min E of a 9m star. Distance (LY): Total luminosity (Suns): Moderate Innes 513 Pettitt 13; ADS 8554 Rating: 4 M Position: 1227-2026 A B Magnitude 8.81 10.26 Separation PA — — 4.2 = 328 - Year — 1962 Spectra K2 III Colors Y ? Notes: 1911: 4.2 @ 329. 10 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars (253 and 103 light years); they may be optical. Observations: C8 at 206x. - 10 - Zone 238 Bur 921 Donner 521 (C); ADS 8503; HD 106955; SAO 180662 Rating: 5 M Position: 1218-2401 A B C Magnitude 6.95 10.60 11.20 Separation — 3.4 + 0.2 - PA — 221 + 50 + Year — 1991 1965 Spectra A0 V Colors W W No Notes: AB 1879: 3.3 @ 219. 16 measurements. AC 1932: 0.3 @ 35. 4 measurements. Observations: C11 at 339x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches. Separation: AB = 2.16 miles; 634 feet. Distance (LY): 408 Total luminosity (Suns): 23 Difficult Bur 457 Rating: 4 D ADS 8394 Position: 1201-2132 A B Magnitude 8.25 9.33 Separation PA — — 1.8 + 87 + Notes: 1877: 1.1 @ 82. 20 measurements. Observations: C11 at 634x. - 11 - Year — 1991 Spectra F7 V Colors W W Zone 238 Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 3.90 inches. Separation: AB = 1.00 mile. Distance (LY): 358 Total luminosity (Suns): 6.88 Aravamudan 1790 Rating: 5 D HD 105144; SAO 180465 Position: 1206-2247 A B Magnitude 7.28 11.10 Separation PA — — 12.2 180 Year — 1922 Spectra Colors Y ? Notes: 1 measurement. Observations: C11 at 98x. Distance (LY): 550 Total luminosity (Suns): 30 Bur 920 Rating: 5 D ADS 8481; HD 106612; SAO 180619 Position: 1216-2321 A B Magnitude 6.53 7.90 Separation PA — — 1.7 + 303 +! Year — 1998 Spectra F5 V Colors Y Y Notes: 1879: 0.8 @ 232. 58 measurements. The orbital period is 175 years (Bespalov, 1961). - 12 - Zone 238 Observations: C8 at 697x, just the tiniest strip of black space between the disks. Oblong rod at lower powers. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 4.35 inches. Separation: AB = 3,168 feet. Distance (LY): 227 Total luminosity (Suns): 10.5 Zone 238, Map 3 Double Stars Easy South 643 Rating: 2 E ADS 8699; HD 112074; SAO 157579 Position: 1254-1802 A B Magnitude 7.06 8.51 Separation PA — — 23.7 + 295 + Year — 1991 Spectra A4 III A2 Colors W O? Notes: 1825: 23.4 @ 294. 15 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper motion. Observations: C8 at 65x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 21.0 inches; B = 7.28 inches. Separation: AB = 35.1 miles. Distance (LY): 950 Total luminosity (Suns): 128 - 13 - Zone 238 h2624 Rating: 5 E SAO 157610 Position: 1257-1709 A B Magnitude 10.28 10.97 Separation PA — — 27.7 + 229 + Year — 1991 Spectra Colors W bW Notes: 1905: 25.6 @ 225. 5 measurements. Observations: C11 at 98x. Distance (LY): 190 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.334 Moderate Delta Crv Rating: 2 M 7 Crv; Algorab; Sh 145; H 396; ADS 8572; HD 108767; SAO 157323 Astronomical League Program: Double Star Club Position: 1230-1631 A B Magnitude 2.90 9.20 Separation PA — — 24.2 + 216 + Year — 1985 Spectra A0 V K2 V Colors W R Notes: 1823: 24.1 @ 214. 22 measurements. The primary rotates at 148 kps and may be variable. The stars share a large common proper motion. The star is a member of the Pleiades group and an infra-red source. From James Kaler's Star Notes: Algorab-A is a very normal 2.5 solar mass dwarf (hydrogen-fusing) star with a temperature of almost exactly 10,000 Kelvin (a nice reference point), its radius about double solar. The orange companion, Algorab-B, with a mass three-fourths solar and a surface temperature of about 5,000 Kelvin, radiates much more dimly, producing only 0.3 times the energy of the Sun. The contrast immediately shows how only a small change in - 14 - Zone 238 stellar mass leads to a huge difference in brightness, Algorab-A 160 times more luminous than Algorab-B. At a minimum distance of 650 astronomical units from A, little B takes at least 9,400 years to orbit. From B, A would shine with the light of 500 full Moons. The real focus, however, is actually on Algorab-B. A high level of infrared radiation shows that the system is involved with a great deal of dust that is left over from the formation of the stars. A star is created by the collapse of gas within a cold dark, dusty cloud, the dust blocking out heating background starlight. "T Tauri stars" are very youthful stars that have just been created from the interstellar gases, and as such are heavily surrounded by disks of dust (from which planets may be born). Algorab-B is a "post-T Tauri star" that has just passed through that phase and is now settling down on the main sequence to fuse its hydrogen. It appears to be less than 110 million years old (as therefore is Algorab-A), and has yet to clear the dust out of its system. Algorab-B therefore makes Algorab-A one of the more unusual stars of the naked-eye night sky, acting not just as a pointer for Spica, but also as a pointer for rather remarkable Algorab-B. Observations: C8 at 104x. Some observers report colors of Y and V. Webb said Y and L. Eddy O'Connor (Terara, Australia, 8" Newt) calls them W and wine R, and a beautiful pair. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 6.00 inches; B = 28.8 inches. Separation: AB = 3.32 miles. Distance (LY): 88 Total luminosity (Suns): 48 Fender 18 Position: 1249-1746 A B Magnitude 10.27 10.80 Rating: 5 M Separation PA — — 3.9 + 216 - Notes: 1915: 3.8 @ 218. 4 measurements. Observations: C11 at 98x! - 15 - Year — 1943 Spectra Colors W W Zone 238 Difficult Leavenworth 5 Rating: 5 D ADS 8597; HD 109349; SAO 157369 Position: 1234-1811 A B Magnitude 7.26 9.90 Separation PA — — 1.0 333 - Year — 1991 Spectra G IV Colors Y Y Notes: 1886: 1.7 @ 34. 26 measurements. Observations: C8 at 280x. Notched. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 18.5 inches. Separation: AB = 1,584 feet. Distance (LY): 197 Total luminosity (Suns): 4 h1218 Finsen 368; ADS 8603; HD 109557; SAO 157382 Rating: 5 D Position: 1236-1649 A B Magnitude 6.68 11.00 Separation PA — — 11.2 261 - Year — 1933 Notes: 1828: 12.0 @ 266. 9 measurements. Observations: C8 at 65x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 8.10 inches. Separation: AB = 4.36 miles. - 16 - Spectra F2 IV Colors B ? Zone 238 Distance (LY): 250 Total luminosity (Suns): 10.5 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 4856 Other Names: H I 68, PGC 44582 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 E Position: 1259-1502 Type: Gal Surface brightness: 11.5 Class: SB(s)0/a Dimensions: 5' x 2' Magnitude: 10.4 PA: 37 Notes: Virgo Cluster member. Observations: C8 at 104x. Bright, but somewhat irregular. It has a NE-SW axis. A 7.9m star (SAO 157627) lies 18 min W and a 13m star 20" SW of the center. A 9m star lies a further 12 min SE. Distance (LY): 47,000,000 Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,095 Total luminosity (Suns): 12,000,000,000 - 17 - Zone 238 Zone 238, Map 4 Double Stars Easy h4551 Rating: 3 E HD 111261; SAO 181109 Position: 1248-2448 A B Magnitude 8.90 9.90 Separation PA — — 12.1 307 - Year — 1992 Spectra K4 V K0 Colors Y B Notes: 1835: 16.0 @ 319. 13 measurements. The stars share a very large common proper motion. Observations: C8 at 104x. Bright but moderate field. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 1.80 inches; B = 27.0 inches. Separation: AB = 1.22 miles. Distance (LY): 65 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.13 Donner 537 Position: 1234-2312 A B C Magnitude 9.56 9.60 11.30 Rating: 5 E Separation — 14.9 0.6 = PA — 77 + 240 = Year — 1930 1938 Notes: AB 1920: 15.0 @ 76. 2 measurements. AC 1930: 0.6 @ 240. 2 measurements. Observations: C11 at 98x. It is zapped by Beta Crv some 15 min SSE. - 18 - Spectra G5 Colors Y Y No Zone 238 Zone 238 Mini-Catalog Double Stars Designation Position Rating Map South 634 1211-1647 2E 1 South 643 1254-1802 2E 3 h4489 1201-2428 3E 2 Bur 458 1204-2102 3E 2 South 637 1227-1958 3E 1 h4551 1248-2448 3E 4 h1212 1210-1734 4E 1 h4496 1206-1853 5E 1 h4506 1212-2357 5E 2 Howe 26 1222-2413 5E 2 Cordoba 285 1223-2315 5E 2 Donner 537 1234-2312 5E 4 h2624 1257-1709 5E 3 Delta Crv 1230-1631 2M 3 Innes 513 1227-2026 4M 2 Bur 412 1209-1836 5M 1 Bur 921 1218-2401 5M 2 Hussey 466 1228-1836 5M 1 Fender 18 1249-1746 5M 3 Bur 457 Aravamudan 1790 1201-2132 4D 2 1206-2247 5D 2 Component A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B C BC A B A B C A B A B A B A B A B C A B A B A B A B - 19 - Mag 6.88 7.20 7.06 8.51 7.77 8.74 7.86 10.11 8.72 9.43 8.90 9.90 10.62 11.63 10.01 11.46 9.03 11.00 9.92 10.02 14.00 10.16 10.60 9.56 9.60 11.30 10.28 10.97 2.90 9.20 8.81 10.26 7.89 9.06 6.95 10.60 11.20 10.53 10.76 10.27 10.80 8.25 9.33 7.28 11.10 Separation — 5.1 — 23.7 + — 9.8 + — 30.3 +! — 60.5 — 12.1 — 22.7 + — 12.4 + — 6.6 + — 5.0 0 PA — 296 + — 295 + — 153 + — 233 — 203 = — 307 — 101 = — 29 + — 315 -! — 151 -! 13.0 + — 7.5 = — 14.9 0.6 = — 27.7 + — 24.2 + — 4.2 = — 1.9 — 3.4 + 0.2 — 2.7 — 3.9 + — 1.8 + — 12.2 211 — 21 + — 77 + 0.6 = — 229 + — 216 + — 328 — 155 — 221 + 0.2 — 214 -? — 216 — 87 + — 180 Zone 238 Designation Position Rating Map Bur 920 1216-2321 5D 2 Leavenworth 5 1234-1811 5D 3 h1218 1236-1649 5D 3 Component A B A B A B Mag 6.53 7.90 7.26 9.90 6.68 11.00 Separation — 1.7 + — 1.0 — 11.2 - PA — 303 +! — 333 — 261 - Deep Space Objects Object NGC 4050 NGC 4361 NGC 4856 NGC 4038, 4039 NGC 4027 Position 1203-1622 1224-1848 1259-1502 1202-1852 1200-1916 Rating 5D 2E 4E 3M 4M Map 1 1 3 1 1 Specifications Surface Type Mag Br Gal (SB(r)ab) 12.5 14.2 Pn (3a) 10.5 Gal (SB(s)0/a) 10.4 11.5 Gal (SB(s)m pec) 10.7 13.0 Gal (SB(s)dm II-III :) 11.2 13.4 - 20 - Pop