Zone 203, Master Map
Normal View
-06°00'
-04°00'
Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV
ζ Baten Kaitos
χ
-08°00'
c
θ
-10°00'
e
η
30 min
Cetus
φ3
-12°00'
φ4
d
-14°00'
f
τ
02h 00m
01h 52m
01h 44m
01h 36m
01h 28m
01h 20m
01h 12m
01h 04m
00h 56m
Zone 203, Map 1
Normal Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
-05°00'
25 Cet
STF 95
h2044
STF 85 rej
Rossiter 4162
-06°00'
STF 86
-07°00'
STF 120
STF 106
NGC 337
-08°00'
STF 101
37 Cet
h2035
θ Theta Cet
-09°00'
h3424
h2039
h3433
Eta Cet
01h 30m
01h 25m
01h 20m
01h 15m
η
01h 10m
01h 05m
01h 00m
Zone 203, Map 1
Mirror Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
STF 95
-05°00'
25 Cet
h2044
-06°00'
STF 86
STF 85 rej
Rossiter 4162
-07°00'
STF 120
STF 106
NGC 337
37 Cet
-08°00'
STF 101
h2035
θ Theta Cet
-09°00'
h3424
h2039
h3433
η
01h 00m
01h 05m
Eta Cet
01h 10m
01h 15m
01h 20m
01h 25m
01h 30m
Zone 203, Map 2
Normal Image
-10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
h3433
η
-12°00'
-11°00'
Eta Cet
STF 110
-13°00'
Gallo 308
Gallo 307
-14°00'
Skinner 1
STF 124
01h 30m
01h 25m
01h 20m
01h 15m
01h 10m
01h 05m
01h 00m
Zone 203, Map 2
Mirror Image
-10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
h3433
Eta Cet
-12°00'
-11°00'
η
STF 110
-13°00'
Gallo 308
Gallo 307
-14°00'
Skinner 1
STF 124
01h 00m
01h 05m
01h 10m
01h 15m
01h 20m
01h 25m
01h 30m
Zone 203, Map 3
Normal Image
-05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
-06°00'
Rossiter 4187
NGC 779
NGC 586
STF 150
NGC 596
-07°00'
NGC 584
Bur 6
NGC 615
-08°00'
NGC 636
-09°00'
h3476
NGC 731
NGC 701
LDS 60
02h 00m
Gallo 315
01h 55m
ζ Baten Kaitos
01h 50m
01h 45m
01h 40m
01h 35m
01h 30m
Zone 203, Map 3
Mirror Image
-05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
-06°00'
Rossiter 4187
NGC 586
NGC 584
-07°00'
Bur 6
STF 150
NGC 596
NGC 615
-09°00'
-08°00'
NGC 636
NGC 731
NGC 701
01h 30m
01h 35m
01h 40m
01h 45m
Zeta Cet ζ
01h 50m
Baten Kaitos
LDS 60
01h 55m
Gallo 315
02h 00m
Zone 203, Map 4
Normal Image
LDS 60
Gallo 315
-10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
ζ Baten Kaitos
Zeta Cet NGC 681
Chi Cet
-11°00'
Engelmann 8 χ
STF 147
Gallo 312
-12°00'
Howe 5
Howe 4
-13°00'
Gallo 309
Bur 514
-14°00'
NGC 720
Hussey 423
02h 00m
01h 55m
01h 50m
01h 45m
01h 40m
01h 35m
01h 30m
Zone 203, Map 4
Mirror Image
Baten Kaitosζ
Zeta Cet
LDS 60
Gallo 315
-10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 681
χ
Chi Cet
-11°00'
Engelmann 8
STF 147
Gallo 312
-12°00'
Howe 5
Howe 4
-13°00'
Gallo 309
-14°00'
NGC 720
Hussey 423
01h 30m
01h 35m
01h 40m
01h 45m
01h 50m
01h 55m
02h 00m
Zone 203
2 Reference Stars, 30 Double Stars, 10 Galaxies
Flamsteed
N
37 Cet..................................................... 4
Engelmann 8 ........................................ 20
Eta Cet ................................................. 11
NGC 337 ................................................ 8
NGC 584 .............................................. 14
NGC 586 .............................................. 15
NGC 596 .............................................. 16
NGC 615 .............................................. 16
NGC 636 .............................................. 15
NGC 681 .............................................. 24
NGC 701 .............................................. 17
NGC 720 .............................................. 24
NGC 731 .............................................. 15
G
R
Gallo 307 ............................................. 10
Gallo 308 ............................................. 10
Gallo 309 ............................................. 18
Gallo 312 ............................................. 19
Gallo 315 ............................................. 21
Rossiter 4162 ......................................... 3
B
Bur 6 .................................................... 13
C
Chi Cet................................................. 20
E
S
Skinner 1 .............................................. 12
STF 101.................................................. 4
STF 106.................................................. 5
STF 110.................................................. 9
STF 120.................................................. 7
STF 124.................................................. 9
STF 147................................................ 23
STF 150................................................ 12
STF 85 rej .............................................. 3
STF 86.................................................... 2
H
h2035 ..................................................... 6
h2039 ..................................................... 6
h2044 ..................................................... 8
h3424 ..................................................... 5
h3433 ..................................................... 7
Howe 4................................................. 22
Howe 5................................................. 19
Hussey 423 .......................................... 22
T
Theta Cet................................................ 2
L
Z
LDS 60................................................. 21
Zeta Cet................................................ 17
-1-
Zone 203
Zone 203, Map 1
Reference Star
Theta Cet (45 Cet; HD 8512; SAO 129274)
Position: 0124-0811
Mag : 3.6
Assumed distance: 115 light years
Spectrum : K0 III
Color : yO
Assumed luminosity (suns): 38
Notes:
This star emits strongly in the infra-red.
Double Stars
Easy
STF 86
Bur 1356 (C); ADS 888; HD 6376; SAO 129108
Rating: 2 E
Position: 0105-0529
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.70
9.10
11.90
Separation
—
16.2 +
109.5 +
PA
—
140 37 =
Year
—
1997
1963
Notes:
AB 1783: 14.8 @ 181. 85 measurements.
AC 1907: 108.5 @ 37. 2 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 12.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.28 miles; AC = 35.7 miles.
Distance (LY): 209
Total luminosity (Suns): 1.9
-2-
Spectra
F2
Colors
W
B
No
Zone 203
Rossiter 4162
Jonckheere 1442; HD 6251; SAO 129096
Rating: 4 E
Position: 0104-0535
A
B
Magnitude
9.69
10.80
Separation PA
—
—
5.3 191 -
Year
—
1990
Spectra
G5 V
Colors
yW
rO
Notes:
1892: 5.9 @ 193. 6 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 17.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.55 miles.
Distance (LY): 429
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.60
STF 85 rej
Rating: 4 E
HD 6349; SAO 129105
Position: 0104-0519
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.70
10.60
11.30
Separation
—
34.0 +
36.4 +
PA
—
158 120 +
Year
—
1979
1979
Spectra
G0 V
Colors
Y
W
?
Notes:
AB 1873: 26.7 @ 160. 10 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different
distances for these stars; they may be optical.
AC 1892: 33.4 @ 117. 8 measurements.
Possibly the same as STF 211 with a 1-hour error in RA.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. A 9m star is 3; E, and a 30" double star is 8 min SE.
-3-
Zone 203
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 14.2 miles; AC = 15.2 miles.
Distance (LY): 267
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.3
STF 101
Rating: 4 E
ADS 1001; HD 7385; SAO 129188
Position: 0114-0738
A
B
Magnitude
7.55
10.88
Separation PA
—
—
20.9 346 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5 IV
Colors
Y
O
Notes:
1832: 21.3 @ 339. 22 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Star B is difficult. Webb saw them as Y and O.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 15.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 16.2 miles.
Distance (LY): 496
Total luminosity (Suns): 19
37 Cet
SI 3; ADS 1003; HD 7439; SAO 129193
Rating: 4 E
Position: 0115-0756
A
B
Magnitude
5.19
7.85
Separation PA
—
—
49.1 331 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F2
K0
Colors
W
O
Notes:
1822: 49.9 @ 333. 37 measurements. The stars share a large common proper
motion.
-4-
Zone 203
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Some observers (including Webb) report Y and L.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.10 inches; B = 2.40 inches.
Separation: AB = 6.10 miles.
Distance (LY): 80
Total luminosity (Suns): 4.34
STF 106
Rating: 4 E
ADS 1023; HD 7651; SAO 129202
Position: 0116-0709
A
B
Magnitude
9.03
9.12
Separation PA
—
—
4.6 =
307 -
Year
—
1998
Spectra
G0 IV
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1831: 4.6 @ 309. 39 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 206x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 4.38 miles.
Distance (LY): 610
Total luminosity (Suns): 17
h3424
Position: 0120-0846
A
B
Magnitude
10.35
11.18
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
19.9 +
75 -
Notes:
1830: 17.1 @ 86. 7 measurements.
-5-
Year
—
1991
Spectra
Colors
O
W
Zone 203
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
h2039
Rating: 4 E
ADS 1101; HD 8277; SAO 129256
Position: 0122-0929
A
B
Magnitude
9.11
10.31
Separation PA
—
—
46.6 +
281 -!!
Year
—
1904
Spectra
F0
Colors
W
bW
Notes:
1892: 44.9 @ 61. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. A lonely pair…
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 11.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 2.47 miles.
Distance (LY): 34
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.028
h2035
Rating: 5 E
HD 7966; SAO 129223
Position: 0119-0759
A
B
Magnitude
8.52
11.73
Separation PA
—
—
34.6 +
338 +
Year
—
1981
Spectra
G0
Notes:
1892: 32.1 @ 337. 5 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. The field also shows a 10.0m and 10.5m pair of stars.
-6-
Colors
W
?
Zone 203
h3433
Rating: 5 E
SAO 147782
Position: 0124-0955
A
B
Magnitude
10.18
11.85
Separation PA
—
—
20.2 +
283 -
Year
—
1938
Spectra
G5
Colors
Y
W
Notes:
1904: 18.8 @ 288. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 21.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.89 miles.
Distance (LY): 60
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.033
Moderate
STF 120
Rating: 3 M
ADS 1131; HD 8627; SAO 129283
Position: 0125-0557
A
B
Magnitude
6.76
10.41
Separation PA
—
—
7.4 +
278 -
Notes:
1831: 7.1 @ 281. 18 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
-7-
Year
—
1991
Spectra
A0
Colors
W
R
Zone 203
h2044
Position: 0124-0502
A
B
Magnitude
10.76
11.93
Rating: 5 M
Separation PA
—
—
22.9 125 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
Colors
W
W?
Notes:
1893: 23.0 @ 125. 8 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Distance (LY): 82
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.035
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 337
Other Names: H II 433; PGC 3572
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 3 M
Position: 0100-0735
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.1
Class: SB(s)d
Dimensions: 2' x 1.5'
Magnitude: 12.2
PA: 60
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Note the trapezoid to the NE. It is small, bright and round.
C11 at 98x. The northwest corner of that trapezoid is double. The galaxy shows a
bright, dense core and a small skirt of haze. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003)
Distance (LY): 77,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,650
Total luminosity (Suns): 6,200,000,000
-8-
Zone 203
Zone 203, Map 2
Double Stars
Easy
STF 110
Rating: 2 E
ADS 1049; HD 7814; SAO 147724
Position: 0118-1221
A
B
Magnitude
8.76
9.18
Separation PA
—
—
7.5 +
354 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
O
Notes:
1830: 7.3 @ 357. 44 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 15.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.79 miles.
Distance (LY): 153
Total luminosity (Suns): 1
STF 124
Rating: 2 E
ADS 1141; HD 8766; SAO 147806
Position: 0126-1354
A
B
Magnitude
8.12
10.50
Separation PA
—
—
7.2 +
234 +
Notes:
1829: 7.0 @ 232. 12 measurements.
-9-
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F2 V
Colors
Y!
dB!
Zone 203
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 11.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.00 miles.
Distance (LY): 447
Total luminosity (Suns): 10
Gallo 307
Rating: 4 E
HD 8389; SAO 147768
Position: 0123-1258
A
B
Magnitude
7.85
10.51
Separation PA
—
—
40.5 313 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
K0 IV
Colors
Y
B
Notes:
1900: 41.1 @ 314. 10 measurements.
May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (99 and 23 light years).
B has a 13.6m companion at 1.6 @ 314 (1986).
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Gallo 308
Position: 0124-1244
A
B
Magnitude
10.18
10.79
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
24.7 16 -
Notes:
1900: 24.9 @ 16. 5 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
- 10 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
Colors
W
W
Zone 203
Eta Cet
Rating: 5 E
31 Cet; Deneb Kaitos, "the tale of the whale"; Bpm 16; HD 6805; SAO 147632
Position: 0109-1010
A
B
Magnitude
3.46
10.78
Separation PA
—
—
233.5 305 =
Year
—
1907
Spectra
K2 III
Colors
Y
W
Notes:
1879: 225.2 @ 305. 2 measurements.
The primary is an infra-red source.
May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (118 and 39 light years).
From James Kaler's Star Notes:
Deneb Kaitos is a dying giant, but like Arcturus is a bit warmer than most. Falling
near the border of classes G and K, it has a temperature of 4,800 Kelvin. It has a radius
17 times solar, large as befits a giant, but certainly not all that large. Its mass is estimated
to be about three times that of the Sun.
Deneb Kaitos is a remarkable enigma. It is one of the brightest X-ray stars in the solar
neighborhood, the high-energy radiation coming from a magnetically heated corona of a
few million Kelvin rather like that belonging to the Sun. The magnetism is expected to be
related to rotation, yet the star is rotating rather slowly. Such high X-ray activity also
suggests that it has only recently begun to expire and still has characteristics from its
solar-like "main sequence" phase when it appeared something like Vega and Altair and
was fusing hydrogen into helium. It would therefore have a contracting helium core. Its
detailed chemical composition, however, suggests that it has been around long enough for
its internal helium to begin to fuse to carbon. If nothing else, Deneb Kaitos shows us that
even the nearby stars are not all that well understood.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 4 feet 3 inches.
Separation: AB = 35.0 miles.
Distance (LY): 96
Total luminosity (Suns): 145
- 11 -
Zone 203
Skinner 1
Rating: 5 E
ADS 985; HD 7195; SAO 147668
Position: 0112-1338
A
B
Magnitude
8.89
10.27
Separation PA
—
—
8.2 249 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F0 IV
Colors
W
Y
Notes:
1900: 9.0 @ 252. 12 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. A 9m star lies 5 min SW.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 12.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 11.5 miles.
Distance (LY): 900
Total luminosity (Suns): 26
Zone 203, Map 3
Double Stars
Easy
STF 150
Rating: 2 E
ADS 1357; HD 10606; SAO 129472
Position: 0143-0705
A
B
Magnitude
7.73
8.19
Separation PA
—
—
36.0 196 =
- 12 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
A
A
Colors
W
W
Zone 203
Notes:
1829: 36.4 @ 196. 24 measurements. The stars share a small common proper
motion.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Difficult
Bur 6
Rating: 5 D
ADS 1376; HD 10725; SAO 129482
Position: 0145-0647
A
B
C
Magnitude
6.45
9.03
11.24
Separation
—
2.2 92.9 -
PA
—
165 85 +
Year
—
1991
1921
Spectra
G0 III
Notes:
AB 1875: 2.6 @ 167. 25 measurements.
AC 1892: 93.0 @ 84. 4 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x. A diffraction mask is an important tool on this one!
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 32.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.85 miles; AC = 78.0 miles.
Distance (LY): 540
Total luminosity (Suns): 55
- 13 -
Colors
Y
?
?
Zone 203
Deep Sky Objects
Easy
NGC 584
Other Names: IC 1712, H I 100; PGC 5663
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 2 E
Position: 0131-0652
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.2
Class: E4
Dimensions: 2' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.4
PA: 120
Notes:
Member of the Cetus II Cloud.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Easy and round, with a
starlike nucleus. NGC 596 lies SE. Two
8m stars bracket it.
Distance (LY): 81,000,000
Total luminosity (Suns): 10,900,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,878
NGC 584
Galaxy (E4)
Observed with C8 on 11/4/99
Magnification: 100x
- 14 -
Zone 203
Moderate
NGC 636
Other Names: PGC 6110
Rating: 3 M
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Position: 0139-0731
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.1
Class: E3 pec?
Dimensions: 1'
Magnitude: 12.6
PA: 140
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is a globular cluster look-alike. Rich field.
Distance (LY): 87,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,983
Total luminosity (Suns): 5,500,000,000
NGC 586
Other Names: PGC 5679
Rating: 4 M
Position: 0132-0654
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.2
Class: SA(s)a:?
Dimensions: 1.7' x 0.9'
Magnitude: 13.2
PA: 10
Observations:
C11 at 193x. Bleak field; distinct and small blurry patch that brightens quickly to the
center. About 40 sec in diameter.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,990
NGC 731
Other Names: NGC 757, H III 266; PGC 7118
Rating: 4 M
Position: 0155-0901
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.1
Class: E+:
Dimensions: 1.7'
- 15 -
Magnitude: 12.1
Zone 203
Observations:
C11 at 98x. Round, with no nucleus. It is 2 min NNE of a 13m star. A faint trio of
stars lies to the S. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003)
Distance (LY): 170,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +3,832
Total luminosity (Suns): 32,800,000,000
NGC 596
Other Names: H II 4; PGC 5766
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 5 M
Position: 0133-0702
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.6
Class: E2 pec
Dimensions: 1'
Magnitude: 12.2
PA: 140
Notes:
Member of the Cetus II Cloud.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. It is a fuzzy star at low power; use medium powers.
Distance (LY): 92,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,876
Total luminosity (Suns): 8,800,000,000
Difficult
NGC 615
Other Names: H I 282; PGC 5897
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0135-0720
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.7
Class: SA(rs)b
Dimensions: 3' x 1'
Notes:
Member of the Cetus II Cloud.
- 16 -
Magnitude: 12.6
PA: 25
Zone 203
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It runs N-S; faint, it suffers from a nearby 10m star (4 min E).
Distance (LY): 83,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,848
Total luminosity (Suns): 5,000,000,000
NGC 701
Other Names: H I 62; PGC 6826
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0151-0942
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.5
Class: SB(rs)c
Dimensions: 1.6' x 0.5'
Magnitude: 12.7
PA: 40
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is faint, small and round. The foreground stars make the seeing
difficult, especially Zeta Cet.
Distance (LY): 81,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,829
Total luminosity (Suns): 4,300,000,000
Zone 203, Map 4
Reference Star
Zeta Cet (55 Cet; Baiten Kaitos; Bpm 26 (B); Bonneau 1; HD 11353; SAO 148059)
Position: 0151-1020
Mag : 3.7
Spectrum : K2 III
Color : O
Assumed distance: 259 light years
Assumed luminosity (suns): 260
Notes:
1879: 185.7 @ 41. 2 measurements. A is a long-period spectroscopic binary, Period
is 1,652 days, and has been resolved by speckle interferometry. Optical.
This star is an infra-red source and a spectroscopic binary.
From James Kaler's Star Notes:
Baten Kaitos is an orange "class K" giant with (being on the warm side of its class) a
color and temperature (4,600 Kelvin) similar to much brighter Pollux. We calculate a
radius 25 times solar as befitting a true giant.
- 17 -
Zone 203
Its spectrum shows it to be accompanied by a smaller star of unknown nature that
orbits it with a period of 4.5 years and that is separated from it by about Jupiter's distance
from the Sun.
A dying star of around 2.5 solar masses, Baten Kaitos now appears to be fusing
helium into carbon in its deep core. It has been listed as a mild "barium star," one (like
Alphard) with an overabundance of the element barium (as well as overabundances of
some others). Such stars do not come by their odd abundances on their own, but have
been contaminated by matter that flowed onto them from now-dead companions whose
own nuclear processes had grossly changed their own abundances when they were giants.
Baten Kaitos's observed companion seems too far away for that, however. In Baten
Kaitos's case the barium effect is so minimal that the star was quite likely misclassified.
Otherwise, its chemical composition is fairly normal, the iron abundance about threefourths that of the Sun.
Since the Sun appears rather high in metals for its position within the Galaxy, Baten
Kaitos fits right in with its stellar surroundings. Baten Kaitos serves to highlight the
immense differences among stars even of the same class. Oddly, its constellation-mate
Deneb Kaitos, with which it also shares part of a name, is also a class K giant with almost
the same temperature yet a luminosity only about half as great. Deneb Kaitos, however, is
a strong X-ray source, whereas Baten Kaitos is not. Shedar (Alpha Cassiopeiae), on the
other hand, is over three times as bright as Baten Kaitos. The differences are caused by
differences in mass and in the state of evolution, which over millions of years can cause
changes of a factor of 1,000 in the luminosities of dying stars.
Double Stars
Easy
Gallo 309
Position: 0131-1227
A
B
Magnitude
9.10
10.10
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
11.8
353
Notes:
1 measurement.
- 18 -
Year
—
1903
Spectra
Colors
W
W
Zone 203
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Distance (LY): 930
Total luminosity (Suns): 22
Howe 5
Rating: 4 E
HD 9588
Position: 0134-1152
A
B
Magnitude
9.99
10.80
Separation PA
—
—
13.4 +
31 =
Year
—
1922
Spectra
F5/6 V
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1885: 13.3 @ 31. 9 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A <1 inch.
Separation: AB = 1.57 miles.
Distance (LY): 75
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.065
Gallo 312
Rating: 5 E
HD 10631; SAO 147980
Position: 0143-1127
A
B
Magnitude
9.10
10.70
Separation PA
—
—
37.4
335
Year
—
1901
Spectra
Notes:
1 measurement.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. The magnitudes are at least one value lower than listed.
- 19 -
Colors
W
?
Zone 203
Distance (LY): 1,300
Total luminosity (Suns): 38
Engelmann 8
Rating: 5 E
HD 11171; SAO 148036
Position: 0150-1041
A
B
Magnitude
4.66
6.72
Separation PA
—
—
184 +
250 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F3 III
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1891: 183.8 @ 250. 4 measurements. Probably a true binary as both are the same
distance away.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.10 inches.
Separation: AB = 21.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 76
Total luminosity (Suns): 7.10
Chi Cet
53 Cet; Engelmann 8; HD 11171; SAO 148036
Rating: 5 E
Position: 0150-1042
A
B
Magnitude
4.66
6.72
Separation PA
—
—
184.0 +
250 =
Notes:
AB 1891: 183.8 @ 250. 5 measurements.
This star is a member of the Sirius Group.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Webb saw them as yW, B.
- 20 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F3 III
G1 V
Colors
W
W
Zone 203
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.10 inches; B = 8.70 inches.
Separation: AB = 22.1 miles.
Distance (LY): 77
Total luminosity (Suns): 7.12
Gallo 315
Rating: 5 E
HD 11964; SAO 148123
Position: 0157-1015
A
B
Magnitude
6.41
10.56
Separation PA
—
—
29.7 =
136 +
Year
—
1987
Spectra
G5 IV
Colors
Y
W
Notes:
1903: 29.7 @ 132. 8 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 9.00 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.14 miles.
Distance (LY): 111
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.69
LDS 60
Gallo 315; HD 11964; SAO 148123
Rating: 5 E
Position: 0157-1014
A
B
Magnitude
6.42
10.56
Separation PA
—
—
29.7 =
136 +
Notes:
1903: 29.7 @ 132. 8 measurements.
- 21 -
Year
—
1987
Spectra
G5 IV
Colors
Y
?
Zone 203
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 9.00 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.10 miles.
Distance (LY): 111
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.8
Moderate
Hussey 423
Rating: 4 M
ADS 1515
Position: 0154-1413
A
B
Magnitude
9.98
10.61
Separation PA
—
—
1.9 +
114 +
Year
—
1997
Spectra
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1901: 1.8 @ 110. 13 measurements.
May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (267 and 75 light years).
Observations:
C11 at 339x.
Difficult
Howe 4
Rating: 2 D
ADS 1038; HD 9575; SAO 147882
Position: 0134-1213
A
B
Magnitude
8.51
8.57
Separation PA
—
—
0.8 339 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G3 V
Colors
yW
yW
Notes:
1877: 0.9 @ 328. 50 measurements. Orbit calculated. Period is 145years, semimajor axis of 0.92", retrograde motion.
- 22 -
Zone 203
Observations:
C11 at 634x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 6.90 inches.
Separation: AB = 1,477 feet.
Distance (LY): 224
Total luminosity (Suns): 3.01
STF 147
Rating: 3 D
ADS 1339; HD 10453; SAO 147962
Position: 0142-1120
A
B
Magnitude
6.17
7.22
Separation PA
—
—
0.7 95 +
Year
—
1999
Notes:
1822: 3.5 @ 86. Over 100 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x. Notched.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.10 inches; B = 4.80 inches.
Separation: AB = 686 feet.
Distance (LY): 122
Total luminosity (Suns): 6.9
- 23 -
Spectra
F2 V
F3 V
Colors
W
W
Zone 203
Deep Sky Objects
Difficult
NGC 720
Other Names: UGC 1430, H I 105
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0153-1340
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.4
Class: E4
Dimensions: 4.4 x 2.8
Magnitude: 10.2
PA: 135
Notes:
This galaxy a member of the Cetus II Cloud.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Small and faint, with a bright nucleus. The axis runs NW-SE. High
power suggests a dust lane on the S side.
Distance (LY): 79,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +5,130
Total luminosity (Suns): 40,700,000,000
NGC 681
Other Names: PGC 6671; H II 481
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0149-1026
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.4
Class: SBab
Dimensions: 2.7' x 1.8'
Magnitude: 12.0
PA: 68
Notes:
This galaxy mimics the much more famous Sombrero Galaxy (M104). Since M104 is
only 25% closer, NGC 681 is considerably smaller than the mexican giant. However,
unlike M104 this galaxy does show the hints of star forming regions in its dusty,bumpy
disk. Astronomers that have studied this galaxy also noted something peculiar. Edge-on
galaxies make good laboratories for studying the radial velocities of stars as the orbit in
the disk of the galaxy. When these speeds are plotted versus distance from the center of
the galaxy, a "flat" rotation graph can result. This means that stars in the outer parts of the
galaxy (the spiral arms) are moving at the same speed whereas stars in the bulges of these
- 24 -
Zone 203
kinds of galaxies tend to be moving in a more random way and a bit slower. However,
NGC 681 does not show this behavior in its bulge. The stars are moving almost at the
same speed everywhere in the galaxy.
[Source: http://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n681.html]
Observations:
C11 at 193x. Faint pair of stars (12m) on the W side of the field; small galaxy, round,
uniform, faint hazy patch. About 30 sec in diameter and not much brighter to the center.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 14 million miles.
Distance (LY): 55,000,000
Luminosity (suns): 4,000,000,000
- 25 -
Zone 203
Zone 203 Mini-Catalog
Double Stars
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
STF 86
0105-0529
2E
1
STF 110
0118-1221
2E
2
STF 124
0126-1354
2E
2
STF 150
0143-0705
2E
3
STF 85 rej
0104-0519
4E
1
Rossiter 4162
0104-0535
4E
1
STF 101
0114-0738
4E
1
37 Cet
0115-0756
4E
1
STF 106
0116-0709
4E
1
h3424
0120-0846
4E
1
h2039
0122-0929
4E
1
Gallo 307
0123-1258
4E
2
Gallo 308
0124-1244
4E
2
Gallo 309
0131-1227
4E
4
Howe 5
0134-1152
4E
4
Eta Cet
0109-1010
5E
2
Skinner 1
0112-1338
5E
2
h2035
0119-0759
5E
1
h3433
0124-0955
5E
1
Gallo 312
0143-1127
5E
4
Engelmann 8
0150-1041
5E
4
Chi Cet
0150-1042
5E
4
Gallo 315
0157-1015
5E
4
Component
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
- 26 -
Mag
8.70
9.10
11.90
8.76
9.18
8.12
10.50
7.73
8.19
8.70
10.60
11.30
9.69
10.80
7.55
10.88
5.19
7.85
9.03
9.12
10.35
11.18
9.11
10.31
7.85
10.51
10.18
10.79
9.10
10.10
9.99
10.80
3.46
10.78
8.89
10.27
8.52
11.73
10.18
11.85
9.10
10.70
4.66
6.72
4.66
6.72
6.41
10.56
Separation
—
16.2 +
109.5 +
—
7.5 +
—
7.2 +
—
36.0 —
34.0 +
36.4 +
—
5.3 —
20.9 —
49.1 —
4.6 =
—
19.9 +
—
46.6 +
—
40.5 —
24.7 —
11.8
—
13.4 +
—
233.5 —
8.2 —
34.6 +
—
20.2 +
—
37.4
—
184 +
—
184.0 +
—
29.7 =
PA
—
140 109.5 +
—
354 —
234 +
—
196 =
—
158 36.4 +
—
191 —
346 +
—
331 —
307 —
75 —
281 -!!
—
313 —
16 —
353
—
31 =
—
305 =
—
249 —
338 +
—
283 —
335
—
250 =
—
250 =
—
136 +
Zone 203
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
LDS 60
0157-1014
5E
4
STF 120
0125-0557
3M
1
Hussey 423
0154-1413
4M
4
h2044
0124-0502
5M
1
Howe 4
0134-1213
2D
4
STF 147
0142-1120
3D
4
Bur 6
0145-0647
5D
3
Component
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
Mag
6.42
10.56
6.76
10.41
9.98
10.61
10.76
11.93
8.51
8.57
6.17
7.22
6.45
9.03
11.24
Separation
—
29.7 =
—
7.4 +
—
1.9 +
—
22.9 —
0.8 —
0.7 —
2.2 92.9 -
PA
—
136 +
—
278 —
114 +
—
125 =
—
339 +
—
95 +
—
165 92.9 -
Deep Space Objects
Object
NGC 584
NGC 337
NGC 636
NGC 586
NGC 731
NGC 596
NGC 720
NGC 615
NGC 681
NGC 701
Position
0131-0652
0100-0735
0139-0731
0132-0654
0155-0901
0133-0702
0153-1340
0135-0720
0149-1026
0151-0942
Rating
2E
3M
3M
4M
4M
5M
4D
5D
5D
5D
Map
3
1
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
Type
Gal (E4)
Gal (SB(s)d)
Gal (E1 pec?)
Gal (SA(s)a:?)
Gal (E+:)
Gal (E2 pec)
Gal (E4)
Gal (SA(rs)b)
Gal (SBab)
Gal (SB(rs)c)
- 27 -
Specifications
Surface
Mag
Br
11.4
12.2
12.2
13.1
12.6
13.1
13.2
13.2
12.1
13.1
12.2
12.6
10.2
12.4
12.6
12.7
12.0
13.4
12.7
13.5
Population